Mitochondria: Aging, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases. Formation of a New Paradigm

Metabolic disorders associated with early menopause in the female population of Eastern Siberia: results of a cross-sectional study

Background. Menopause is an independent predictor of the development of metabolic syndrome, in the pathogenesis of which insulin resistance plays a leading role. Early menopause occurs in 5 % of women and, according to several studies, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the leading causes of death. The features of the course of metabolic syndrome in women with early menopause have not been sufficiently studied.

The aim: to establish the prevalence of early menopause and its metabolic complications in the female population of Eastern Siberia.

Materials and methods. The study population included 2695  women aged 18 to 80 years, who underwent the annual medical examination. The period of the study was March 2016 – December 2019. Among the surveyed women of 41–45  years old, a group of patients with early menopause (n = 18) and controls (n = 25) were identified. The diagnosis was made according to the STRAW criteria. The study used clinical, instrumental and laboratory research methods, including the assessment of hormonal and biochemical parameters, as well as the assessment of questionnaire data and statistical analysis.

Results. The examined women with early menopause have an increase in BMI, waist volume, arterial hypertension, and an increase in the level of triglycerides and gonadotropic hormones. These changes potentially underlie the relationship between menopause and cardio-metabolic disease.

Conclusion. These findings indicate the need to monitor the hormonal and metabolic parameters in this category of women to ensure timely prevention and correction of long-term complications associated with early menopause. 

Metabolic syndrome: Epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, racial characteristics

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a very serious pathological condition that occurs in the clinical practice of doctors of various specialties. Often, the presence of MS aggravates the course of comorbidities, while various diseases can serve as a risk factor for its development. The significant prevalence of MS determines the need for its early diagnosis for timely correction and prevention of its long-term complications.The aim. To systematize data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various countries and populations and to discuss the most frequently used diagnostic criteria, including racially and ethnically differentiated ones.Materials and method. A literary search was carried out using scientific databases: eLIBRARY, PubMed.NCBI, CyberLeninka, the official website of IDF for the period from 1999 to 2020.Results. It was found that despite different diagnostic criteria used for MS, its prevalence in many countries is comparable (10–30 %) but differs in different populations. Thus, MS occurs more often in Caucasians than among Asians, and its prevalence is significantly higher in the newcomer vs the indigenous population. Nevertheless, a comparative analysis of the frequency of MS is difficult due to the use of research results based on different approaches to its diagnosis in the literature presented in the literature. Although the analysis of literature data indicates the existence of specific features of the prevalence of MS in different populations, the differentiated approaches to detecting MS depending on the race of patients, which are necessary for many countries, have not yet been sufficiently developed.