1
|
Crișan G, Moldovean-Cioroianu NS, Timaru DG, Andrieș G, Căinap C, Chiș V. Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT Imaging: A Literature Review over the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095023. [PMID: 35563414 PMCID: PMC9103893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive tracers and enables the functional imaging of several metabolic processes, blood flow measurements, regional chemical composition, and/or chemical absorption. Depending on the targeted processes within the living organism, different tracers are used for various medical conditions, such as cancer, particular brain pathologies, cardiac events, and bone lesions, where the most commonly used tracers are radiolabeled with 18F (e.g., [18F]-FDG and NA [18F]). Oxygen-15 isotope is mostly involved in blood flow measurements, whereas a wide array of 11C-based compounds have also been developed for neuronal disorders according to the affected neuroreceptors, prostate cancer, and lung carcinomas. In contrast, the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique uses gamma-emitting radioisotopes and can be used to diagnose strokes, seizures, bone illnesses, and infections by gauging the blood flow and radio distribution within tissues and organs. The radioisotopes typically used in SPECT imaging are iodine-123, technetium-99m, xenon-133, thallium-201, and indium-111. This systematic review article aims to clarify and disseminate the available scientific literature focused on PET/SPECT radiotracers and to provide an overview of the conducted research within the past decade, with an additional focus on the novel radiopharmaceuticals developed for medical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Crișan
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Gabriel Andrieș
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Călin Căinap
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, Republicii 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ji A, Lou H, Liu X, Chen H, Cheng Z. Development of Mitochondria-Targeted Small-Molecule Dyes for Myocardial PET and Fluorescence Bimodal Imaging. J Med Chem 2021; 65:497-506. [PMID: 34937337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescent dual-modal probes are rarely reported. As one of the most promising lipophilic cations, F16 and its derivatives (F16s) have never been used for myocardial imaging. In this work, 14 F16s are synthesized and evaluated for cardiac imaging. In vitro cell fluorescence imaging revealed that the lead probe 5MEF is precisely localized in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. In addition, it shows excellent ex vivo fluorescence imaging quality with the heart-to-muscle and heart-to-liver ratios up to ∼2. Furthermore, the radiofluorinated probe 18F-5MEF is successfully prepared and shows a high initial heart uptake of 8.66 ± 0.34 % ID/g at 5 min post injection. It displays a high heart imaging performance, a long retention time in the heart, and a low background in the most normal tissues as revealed by PET. To our knowledge, this is the first time novel F16 analogues are designed and developed for myocardial dual-modal imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyue Lou
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingdang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Urumchi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu D, Peng C, Gao F, Guo Z, Zhuang R, Su X, Zhang X. Radioiodinated estradiol dimer for estrogen receptor targeted breast cancer imaging. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1332-1340. [PMID: 32603003 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a 1-(2-(2-(2-(1,2,3-triazol)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-5-[125/131 I]iodo-1,2,3-triazole-diestradiol ([125/131 I]ITE2), for estrogen receptor (ER)-expressing breast cancer imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). [125/131 I]ITE2 was prepared in good radiochemical yield (94.4 ± 0.4%) with high radiochemical purity (>99%). [125/131 I]ITE2 had good stability in vitro and moderate molar activity (0.3 ± 0.2 GBq/µmol). Higher uptake in ER-positive MCF-7 cells than that of ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells was observed at all time points. Rats biodistribution showed that [131 I]ITE2 had high uptake in ER-abundant uterine and ovarian (5.7 ± 0.4 and 10.1 ± 1.4%ID/g at 1 hr postinjection) and could be blocked by co-injection of estradiol (2.7 ± 0.1 and 5.5 ± 0.4%ID/g) obviously. In the SPECT/CT imaging study, [125 I]ITE2 showed significant higher uptake in MCF-7 tumor (3.1 ± 0.4%ID/g) than that of MDA-MB-231 (0.9 ± 0.1%ID/g). Furthermore, the specific uptake of [125 I]ITE2 in ER-positive MCF-7 tumor could be blocked effectively by preadministration of fulvestrant (1.2 ± 0.4%ID/g). A novel radioiodinated dimeric estrogen was designed and synthesized with promising ER targeting ability and specificity. It is worthy of further investigation to validate the advantages of the dimer in ER-positive breast cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diahgnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diahgnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diahgnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diahgnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diahgnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diahgnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Klein R, Celiker-Guler E, Rotstein BH, deKemp RA. PET and SPECT Tracers for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:208-218. [PMID: 32284107 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease has been the leading cause of death since the 1960s, which has motivated the research and development of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) agents for early diagnosis and to guide treatment. MPI with SPECT has been the clinical workhorse for MPI, but over the past two decades PET MPI is experiencing growth due to enhanced image quality that results in superior diagnostic accuracy over SPECT. Furthermore, dynamic PET imaging of the tracer distribution process from time of tracer administration to tracer accumulation in the myocardium has enabled routine quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in absolute units. MBF and MFR incrementally improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy over MPI alone. In some cases (eg, rubidium PET imaging with pharmacologic stress) MPI, MBF, and MFR can be acquired simultaneously without incremental cost, radiation exposure, or significant processing time. Nuclear cardiology clinics have been looking to incorporate MBF quantification into clinical routine, but traditional SPECT and MPI tracers are inadequate for this challenge. Cardiac dedicated SPECT scanners can also perform dynamic imaging and have stimulated research into MBF quantification using SPECT tracers. New perfusion tracers must be tailored for emerging clinical needs (including MBF quantification), technical capabilities of imaging instrumentation, market constraints, and supply chain feasibility. Because these conditions have been evolving, tracers previously considered inferior may be reconsidered for future applications and some recently developed tracers may be suboptimal. This article reviews current, clinically-available tracers and those under development showing greatest potential. It discusses for each tracer the rationale for development, physiological mechanism of uptake by the myocardium, published evaluation results and development state. Finally, it gauges the suitability of each tracer for clinical application. The article demonstrates an acceleration in the pace of perfusion radiotracer development due to better understanding of the relevant physiology, better chemistry tools and small animal imaging. Consequently, bad tracers may fail faster and with less wasted investment, and good tracers may translate more efficiently from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Klein
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emel Celiker-Guler
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A deKemp
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu X, Liu T, Liu F, Guo X, Xia L, Xie Q, Li N, Huang H, Yang X, Xin Y, Zhu H, Yang Z. Synthesis and evaluation of 64Cu-radiolabeled NOTA-cetuximab ( 64Cu-NOTA-C225) for immuno-PET imaging of EGFR expression. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:400-409. [PMID: 31156310 PMCID: PMC6513748 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in a wide variety of solid tumors, serving as a well-characterized target for cancer imaging or therapy. In this study, we aimed to design and synthesize a radiotracer, 64Cu-NOTA-C225, targeting EGFR for tumor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
Methods Cetuximab (C225) was conjugated to a bifunctional chelator, p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA), and further radiolabeled with copper-64 for PET imaging. 64Cu-NOTA-IgG and Cy5.5-C225 were also synthesized as control probes. A431 and A549 mouse models were established for micro-PET and/or near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging.
Results 64Cu-NOTA-C225 exhibited stability in vivo and in vitro up to 24 h and 50 h post-injection, respectively. A431 tumors with average standard uptake values (SUVs) of 5.61±0.69, 6.68±1.14, 7.80±1.51 at 6, 18 and 36 h post-injection, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of moderate EGFR expressing tumors (A549), with SUVs of 0.89±0.16, 4.70±0.81, 2.01±0.50 at 6, 18 and 36 h post-injection, respectively. The expression levels of A431 and A549 were confirmed by western blotting. Additionally, the tracer uptake in A431 tumors can be blocked by unlabeled cetuximab, suggesting that tracer uptake by tumors was receptor-mediated. Furthermore, NIRF imaging using Cy5.5-C225 showed that the fluorescence intensity in tumors increased with time, with a maximal intensity of 8.17E+10 (p/s/cm2/sr)/(μW/cm2) at 48 h post-injection, which is consistent with the paradigm from micro-PET imaging in A431 tumor-bearing mice.
Conclusions The 64Cu-NOTA-C225 PET imaging may be able to specifically and sensitively differentiate tumor models with different EGFR expression levels. It offers potentials as a PET radiotracer for imaging of tracer EGFR-positive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Teli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xianteng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Yangchun Xin
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
18F-labeled estradiol derivative for targeting estrogen receptor-expressing breast cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 59:48-55. [PMID: 29466767 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel radiotracer 1‑(2‑(2‑(2‑[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)‑1H‑1,2,3‑triazole‑estradiol ([18F]FETE) was successfully synthesized, characterized and evaluated in mice for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer targeting with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS The tosylate precursor 3 was radiolabeled with 18F and then reacted with 17α‑ethinyl‑estradiol to produce the final [18F]FETE. The physicochemical properties of [18F]FETE were tested in vitro, including determination of the octanol/water partition coefficient, stability and cellular uptake in MCF-7 (ER-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) cells. An ex vivo biodistribution study was performed in normal Sprague Dawley rats, and in vivo microPET imaging was performed on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice. The results of biodistribution and PET imaging of [18F]FETE were compared with that of known 16α‑[18F]fuoro‑17β‑estradiol ([18F]FES). Radiation dose estimates for [18F]FETE were also analyzed. RESULTS [18F]FETE was obtained in high radiochemical yield (46.59 ± 8.06%) with high radiochemical purity (>99%) after HPLC purification and high molar activity (15.45 ± 3.15 GBq/μmol). [18F]FETE is a moderate lipophilic compound with good in vitro stability and the total synthesis time was 55 to 65 min. In biodistribution studies, [18F]FETE showed high uptake in the ER-abundant uterine tissue of normal immature SD rats (8.55 ± 1.21 and 6.83 ± 1.70%ID/g at 1 h after intravenous and intraperitoneal injection, respectively), and could be blocked with estradiol effectively (the uterus uptake was decreased to 0.63 ± 0.35%ID/g at 1 h after iv injection). MicroPET imaging of tumor-bearing mice with [18F]FETE at 1 h after iv injection revealed considerable uptake in ER-positive MCF-7 tumors (4.63 ± 0.73%ID/g) that could be inhibited (1.47 ± 0.29%ID/g) and low uptake in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 tumors (1.97 ± 0.36%ID/g). [18F]FES has relatively low uptake in ER-positive tumor (0.24 ± 0.19%ID/g) when compared with [18F]FETE. The adult female effective radiation dose of [18F]FETE in mice was estimated as 0.0022 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS A novel 17α‑ethinyl‑estradiol-based ER probe [18F]FETE was developed with high molar activity and good in vitro stability. Based on the results of bio-evaluation in normal immature rats and tumor-bearing mice, it might be a promising candidate for specific PET imaging of ER-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
[ 18F]-BMS-747158-02PET imaging for evaluating hepatic mitochondrial complex 1dysfunction in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:96. [PMID: 29209997 PMCID: PMC5716959 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main causes of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD). [18F]-BMS-747158-02 (18F-BMS) which was originally developed as a myocardial perfusion imaging agent was reported to bind mitochondrial complex-1 (MC-1). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of 18F-BMS for evaluating hepatic MC-1 activity in mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a MCD diet for up to 2 weeks. PET scans with 18F-BMS were performed after 1 and 2 weeks of the MCD diet. 18F-BMS was intravenously injected into mice, and the uptake (standardized uptake value (SUV)) in the liver was determined. The binding specificity for MC-1 was assessed by pre-administration of rotenone, a specific MC-1 inhibitor. Hepatic MC-1 activity was measured using liver homogenates generated after each positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Blood biochemistry and histopathology were also assessed. Results In control mice, hepatic 18F-BMS uptake was significantly inhibited by the pre-injection of rotenone. The uptake of 18F-BMS was significantly decreased after 2 weeks of the MCD diet. The SUV at 30–60 min was well correlated with hepatic MC-1 activity (r = 0.73, p < 0.05). Increases in plasma ALT and AST levels were also noted at 1 and 2 weeks. Mild hepatic steatosis with or without minimal inflammation was histopathologically observed at 1 and 2 weeks in mice liver on the MCD diet. However, inflammation was observed only at 2 weeks in mice on the MCD diet. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that 18F-BMS is a potential PET probe for quantitative imaging of hepatic MC-1 activity and its mitochondrial dysfunction induced by steatosis and inflammation, such as in NAFLD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Inkster JAH, Zhang S, Akurathi V, Belanger A, Dubey S, Treves T, Packard AB. New chemical and radiochemical routes to [ 18F]Rho6G-DEG-F, a delocalized lipophilic cation for myocardial perfusion imaging with PET. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1891-1896. [PMID: 29276578 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New chemical and radiochemical syntheses are described for the preparation of [18F]Rho6G-DEG-F, an 18F-labeled analogue of the fluoresecent dye rhodamine 6G, which has shown promise as myocardidal perfusion imaging agent. Tosylated precursors of [18F]Rho6G-DEG-F amenable to 18F-labeling were obtained either through a two-step synthesis from rhodamine 6G lactone (33% yield), or in one step from rhodamine 575 (64% yield), then purified by preparative C18 chromatography. Manual synthesis of [18F]Rho6G-DEG-F was achieved in a single radiochemical step from either the tosylate salt or the tosylate/formate double salt in DMSO under standard nucleophillic aliphatic 18F-fluorination conditions (K[18F]F/K2CO3/Kryptofix 2.2.2.). Incorporation of the [18F]F- was found to be satisfactory (≥34% by TLC), despite the protic character of the precursor molecules. [18F]Rho6G-DEG-F was manually synthesized in final decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 11-26% (tosylate salt) and 9-21% (tosylate/formate double salt). The protocol was transferred to an automated synthesis unit, where the product was obtained in 3-9% radiochemical yield (n=3) decay corrected to start-of-synthesis, >99% radiochemical purity, and a molar activity of 122-267 GBq/μmol (3.3-7.2 Ci/μmol).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A H Inkster
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S Zhang
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - V Akurathi
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Belanger
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S Dubey
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T Treves
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A B Packard
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The present study aimed to discuss the role of mitochondrion in cardiac function and disease. The mitochondrion plays a fundamental role in cellular processes ranging from metabolism to apoptosis. The mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging could potentially illustrate changes in global and regional cardiac dysfunction. The collective changes that occur in mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging probes have been widely explored and developed. As probes currently used in the preclinical setting still have a lot of shortcomings, the development of myocardial metabolic activity, viability, perfusion, and blood flow molecular imaging probes holds great potential for accurately evaluating the myocardial viability and functional reserve. The advantages of molecular imaging provide a perspective on investigating the mitochondrial function of the myocardium in vivo noninvasively and quantitatively. The molecular imaging tracers of single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography could give more detailed information on myocardial metabolism and restoration. In this study, series mitochondrial-targeted 99mTc-, 123I-, and 18F-labeled tracers displayed broad applications because they could provide a direct link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
Research Progress on 18F-Labeled Agents for Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion with Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040562. [PMID: 28358340 PMCID: PMC6154634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the world. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) plays a significant role in non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of CAD. However, neither single-photon emission computed tomography nor positron emission tomography clinical MPI agents can absolutely satisfy the demands of clinical practice. In the past decades, tremendous developments happened in the field of 18F-labeled MPI tracers. This review summarizes the current state of 18F-labeled MPI tracers, basic research data of those tracers, and the future direction of MPI tracer research.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mou T, Zhao Z, You L, Li Y, Wang Q, Fang W, Lu J, Peng C, Zhang X. Synthesis and Evaluation of (18)F-labeled Pyridaben Analogues for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Mice, Rats and Chinese mini-swine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33450. [PMID: 27646847 PMCID: PMC5028837 DOI: 10.1038/srep33450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports three novel 18F-labeled pyridaben analogues for potential myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Three precursors and the corresponding nonradioactive compounds were synthesized and characterized. The radiolabeled tracers were obtained by substituting tosyl with 18F. The total radiosynthesis time of these tracers was 70–90 min. Typical decay-corrected radiochemical yields were 47–58%, with high radiochemical purities (>98%). Tracers were evaluated as MPI agents in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. In the mouse biodistribution study, all three radiotracers showed high initial heart uptake (34–54% ID/g at 2 min after injection) and fast liver clearance. In the microPET imaging study, [18F]Fmpp2 produced heart images with good quality in both mice and rats. In the whole-body PET/CT images of mini-swine, [18F]Fmpp2 showed excellent initial heart standardized uptake value (SUV) (7.12 at 5 min p.i.) and good retention (5.75 at 120 min p.i.). The heart/liver SUV ratios were 4.12, 5.42 and 5.99 at 30, 60 and 120 min after injection, respectively. The favorable biological properties of [18F]Fmpp2 suggest that it is worth further investigation as a potential MPI agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Mou
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Linyi You
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- PET Center, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis and evaluation of [18F]-fluoromethyl triphenylphosphonium cation as a novel mitochondria-specific positron emission tomography tracer. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Acute and subacute toxicity studies of CMICE-013, a novel iodinated rotenone-based myocardial perfusion tracer, in Sprague Dawley rats and Gottingen minipigs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 80:195-209. [PMID: 27177822 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extensive acute and subacute toxicities studies are required to evaluate the toxicological profile of the novel cardiac perfusion imaging tracer (123)I-CMICE-013 to support applications for clinical trials. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats and Gottingen minipigs received injections of non-radioactive 127I-CMICE-013 at two dosage levels of 1 and 5 μg/kg, and vehicle buffer as control. In the acute toxicity studies, each animal was injected on two occasions 24 h apart and then underwent a 14-day recovery period; in the subacute study, animals received daily injections for 14 days continuously. The health status and mortality of test animals were monitored daily and body weight, food consumption, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured at various time points during the study. Animals were euthanized at the end of the studies and dissected for pathologic examination of organs and tissues. RESULTS The acute and subacute administrations of injections of the non-radioactive CMICE-013 in rats and minipigs were well tolerated. Little to no dosing-related adverse effects were observed in animal body and organ weights, hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, ophthalmoscopy, electrocardiograms, heart rates, blood pressure, macroscopic and microscopic examination of the preserved animal tissues including the brain. CONCLUSION The lack of adverse effects from acute and subacute dosing suggest that the CMICE-013 injection solution has a reasonable safety margin within the designed concentration range to be utilized in imaging applications. The dosage level of 5 μg/kg was considered the no adverse effect level for both rats and minipigs based on our acute and subacute studies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mou T, Zhao Z, You L, Wang Q, Fang W, Lu J, Peng C, Zhang X. Synthesis and bioevaluation of 4-chloro-2-tert-butyl-5-[2-[[1-[2-[(18) F]fluroethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl]phenylmethoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinone as potential myocardial perfusion imaging agent with PET. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:349-54. [PMID: 26094722 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of 4-chloro-2-tert-butyl-5-[2-[[1-[2-[(18) F]fluroethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl]phenylmethoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinone ([(18) F]Fmp2) for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). The tosylate precursor and non-radioactive compound [(19) F]Fmp2 were synthesized and characterized by infrared, (1) H-NMR, (13) C-NMR, and mass spectra (MS). The radiotracer [(18) F]Fmp2 was obtained by one-step nucleophilic substitution of tosyl with (18) F, and evaluated as an MPI agent in vitro and in vivo. Starting from [(18) F]KF/K222 solution, the typical decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY) was 38 ± 8.8% with high radiochemical purity (>98%). The specific activity was calculated as 10 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis determined by HPLC analysis. In the mice biodistribution, [(18) F]Fmp2 showed very high initial heart uptake (53.35 ± 5.47 %ID/g at 2 min after injection) and remarkable retention. The heart/liver, heart/lung, and heart/blood ratios were 7.98, 8.20, and 53.13, respectively at 2 min post-injection. In the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging study of Chinese mini-swine, the standardized uptake value of the liver decreased modestly during the 2 h post-injection, while the heart uptake and heart/liver ratios continued to increase with time. [(18) F]Fmp2 exhibited good stability, high heart uptake and low lung uptake in mice and Chinese mini-swine. It may be worthy of further modification to improve liver clearance for MPI in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Mou
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Linyi You
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- PET Center, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mou T, Zhao Z, Zhang P, Fang W, Peng C, Lu J, Wang Q, Ma Y, Zhang X. Synthesis and Bio-Evaluation of New18F-Labeled Pyridaben Analogs with Improved Stability for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Mice. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:351-61. [PMID: 25529021 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Mou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics; School of Public Health; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing 100037 China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics; School of Public Health; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing 100037 China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Beijing PET Center of Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100053 China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Beijing Anzhen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yunchuan Ma
- Beijing PET Center of Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100053 China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics; School of Public Health; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao Z, Yu Q, Mou T, Liu C, Yang W, Fang W, Peng C, Lu J, Liu Y, Zhang X. Highly Efficient One-Pot Labeling of New Phosphonium Cations with Fluorine-18 as Potential PET Agents for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3823-31. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoquan Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tiantian Mou
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
- Center
for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public
Health, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjiang Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute
of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- PET Center
of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute
of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center
for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public
Health, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wei L, Bensimon C, Yan X, Lockwood J, Gan W, Wells RG, Duan Y, Fernando P, Gottlieb B, Mullett W, Ruddy TD. Characterization of the four isomers of (123)I-CMICE-013: a potential SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2033-44. [PMID: 24630696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is widely used in the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). We have developed (123)I-CMICE-013 based on rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I (MC-1) inhibitor, as a promising new MPI agent. Our synthesis results in a mixture of four species of (123)I-CMICE-013 A, B, C, D. In this study, we separated the four species and evaluated their biodistribution and imaging properties. The cold analogs (127)I-CMICE-013 A, B, C, D were isolated and characterized and their chemical structures proposed. METHODS (123)I-CMICE-013 was synthesized by radiolabeling rotenone with Na(123)I in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) with iodogen as the oxidizing agent at 60°C for 45min, and the four species were separated by RP-HPLC. The cold analogs (127)I-CMICE-013 A, B, C and D were isolated with a similar procedure and characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. Biodistribution and microSPECT imaging studies were carried out on normal rats. RESULTS We propose the mechanism of the rotenone iodination and the structures of the four species. First, I(+) forms an intermediate three-membered ring with 6' and 7' carbons. Second, the lone electron pair of the water molecule attacks the 6' or 7'-carbon, following by the formation of 6'-OH, and 7'-I bonds as in major products C and D, or 6'-I and 7'-OH bonds as in minor products A and B. The weaker 6'-I bond in the intermediate prompts the nucleophilic attachment of water at the favorable 6'-carbon to generate C and D. MicroSPECT images of (123)I-CMICE-013 A, B, C, D in rats showed clear visualization of myocardium and little interference from lung and liver. The imaging time activity curves and biodistribution data showed complex profiles for the four isomers, which is not expected from the structure activity relationship theory. CONCLUSION (123/127)I-CMICE-013 A and B are constitutional isomers with C and D, while A and C are diastereomers of B and D, respectively. Overall, the biological characteristics of the four species are not correlated perfectly with their molecular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wei
- Nordion Inc., 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada; Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), Nordion Lab/University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | | | - Xuxu Yan
- Nordion Inc., 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada
| | - Julia Lockwood
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), Nordion Lab/University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Wei Gan
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), Nordion Lab/University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - R Glenn Wells
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), Nordion Lab/University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Yin Duan
- Nordion Inc., 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada; Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), Nordion Lab/University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Pasan Fernando
- Nordion Inc., 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada; Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), Nordion Lab/University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Bram Gottlieb
- Nordion Inc., 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada
| | - Wayne Mullett
- Nordion Inc., 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada
| | - Terrence D Ruddy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada; Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), Nordion Lab/University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wei L, Bensimon C, Lockwood J, Yan X, Fernando P, Glenn Wells R, Duan Y, Chen YX, Russell Redshaw J, Covitz PA, Ruddy TD. Synthesis and characterization of 123I-CMICE-013: A potential SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2903-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Cardiac Micro-PET-CT. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-012-9188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Jing H, Mou T, Zhang X. 2-tert-Butyl-4-chloro-5-[4-(2-fluoro-eth-oxy)benz-yloxy]pyridazin-3(2H)-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1707. [PMID: 22719498 PMCID: PMC3379300 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C17H20ClFN2O3, the dihedral angle between the pyridazine and benzene rings is 41.37 (10)°. In the crystal, there are no significant intermolecular interactions present. The terminal –CH2F group is disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.737 (2):0.263 (2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Jing
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer St, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|