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Ahn JH, Kim MH, Lee K, Oh K, Lim H, Kil HS, Kwon SJ, Choi JY, Chi DY, Lee YJ. Preclinical evaluation of [ 18F]FP-CIT, the radiotracer targeting dopamine transporter for diagnosing Parkinson's disease: pharmacokinetic and efficacy analysis. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:59. [PMID: 38958796 PMCID: PMC11222350 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (FP-CIT), the representative cocaine derivative used in dopamine transporter imaging, is a promising biomarker, as it reflects the severity of Parkinson's disease (PD). 123I- and 18F-labeled FP-CIT has been used for PD diagnosis. However, preclinical studies evaluating [18F]FP-CIT as a potential diagnostic biomarker are scarce. Among translational research advancements from bench to bedside, translating preclinical findings into clinical practice is one-directional. The aim of this study is to employ a circular approach, beginning back from the preclinical stage, progressing to the supplementation of [18F]FP-CIT, and subsequently returning to clinical application. We investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of [18F]FP-CIT and its efficacy for PD diagnosis using murine models. RESULTS Biodistribution, metabolite and excretion analyses were performed in mice and PD models were induced in rats using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The targeting efficiency of [18F]FP-CIT for the dopamine receptor was assessed through animal PET/CT imaging. Subsequently, correlation analysis was conducted between animal PET/CT imaging results and immunohistochemistry (IHC) targeting tyrosine hydroxylase. Rapid circulation was confirmed after [18F]FP-CIT injection. [18F]FP-CIT reached the highest uptake of 23.50 ± 12.46%ID/g in the striatum 1 min after injection, and it was rapidly excreted within 60 min. The major metabolic organs of [18F]FP-CIT were confirmed to be the intestines, liver, and kidneys. Its uptake in the intestine was approximately 5% ID/g. The uptake in the liver gradually increased, with excretion beginning after reaching a maximum after 60 min. The kidneys exhibited rapid elimination after 10 min. In the excretion study, rapid elimination was verified, with 21.46 ± 9.53% of the compound excreted within a 6 h period. Additionally, the efficacy of [18F]FP-CIT PET was demonstrated in the PD model, with a high correlation with IHC for both the absolute value (R = 0.803, p = 0.0017) and the ratio value (R = 0.973, p = 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS This study fills the gap regarding insufficient preclinical studies on [18F]FP-CIT, including its ADME, metabolites, and efficiency. The pharmacological results, including accurate diagnosis, rapid circulation, and [18F]FP-CIT excretion, provide complementary evidence that [18F]FP-CIT can be used safely and efficiently to diagnose PD in clinics, although it is already used in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Ahn
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, 01812, Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04793, Korea
| | - Kyongkyu Lee
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04793, Korea
| | - Keumrok Oh
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04793, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Lim
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04793, Korea
| | - Hee Seup Kil
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04793, Korea
| | - Soon Jeong Kwon
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04793, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, 01812, Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Chi
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04793, Korea.
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, 01812, Korea.
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Ni R. PET imaging in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114174. [PMID: 36283568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, are characterized by aberrant accumulation of alpha-synuclein and synaptic dysfunction leading to motor and cognitive deficits. Animal models of alpha-synucleinopathy have greatly facilitated the mechanistic understanding of the disease and the development of therapeutics. Various transgenic, alpha-synuclein fibril-injected, and toxin-injected animal models of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy that recapitulate the disease pathology have been developed and widely used. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the noninvasive visualization of molecular alterations, underpinning behavioral dysfunctions in the brains of animal models and the longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects. Imaging studies in these disease animal models have employed multi-tracer PET designs to reveal dopaminergic deficits together with other molecular alterations. This review focuses on the development of new positron emission tomography tracers and studies of alpha-synuclein, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A neurotransmitter receptor deficits such as dopaminergic receptor, dopaminergic transporter, serotonergic receptor, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The outstanding challenges and emerging applications are outlined, such as investigating the gut-brain-axis by using positron emission tomography in animal models, and provide a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging technology employed to describe metabolic, physiological, and biochemical processes in vivo. These include receptor availability, metabolic changes, neurotransmitter release, and alterations of gene expression in the brain. Since the introduction of dedicated small-animal PET systems along with the development of many novel PET imaging probes, the number of PET studies using rats and mice in basic biomedical research tremendously increased over the last decade. This article reviews challenges and advances of quantitative rodent brain imaging to make the readers aware of its physical limitations, as well as to inspire them for its potential applications in preclinical research. In the first section, we briefly discuss the limitations of small-animal PET systems in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity and point to possible improvements in detector development. In addition, different acquisition and post-processing methods used in rodent PET studies are summarized. We further discuss factors influencing the test-retest variability in small-animal PET studies, e.g., different receptor quantification methodologies which have been mainly translated from human to rodent receptor studies to determine the binding potential and changes of receptor availability and radioligand affinity. We further review different kinetic modeling approaches to obtain quantitative binding data in rodents and PET studies focusing on the quantification of endogenous neurotransmitter release using pharmacological interventions. While several studies have focused on the dopamine system due to the availability of several PET tracers which are sensitive to dopamine release, other neurotransmitter systems have become more and more into focus and are described in this review, as well. We further provide an overview of latest genome engineering technologies, including the CRISPR/Cas9 and DREADD systems that may advance our understanding of brain disorders and function and how imaging has been successfully applied to animal models of human brain disorders. Finally, we review the strengths and opportunities of simultaneous PET/magnetic resonance imaging systems to study drug-receptor interactions and challenges for the translation of PET results from bench to bedside.
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Roussakis AA, Zeng Z, Lao-Kaim NP, Martin-Bastida A, Piccini P. Parkinson's disease laterality: a 11C-PE2I PET imaging study. J Neurol 2021; 268:582-589. [PMID: 32880071 PMCID: PMC7880931 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetry of striatal dopaminergic deficits and motor symptoms is a typical characteristic of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to characterise the trend of asymmetry in moderate-stage PD. We performed a 19-month longitudinal study in 27 patients with PET-CT imaging and appropriate clinical assessments. 11C-PE2I non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated bilaterally for the striatum at baseline and follow-up to estimate the in vivo density of striatal dopamine transporters (DAT). Changes in striatal 11C-PE2I BPND over time were more prominent in the ipsilateral as compared to contralateral side. Changes in MDS-UPDRS-III (motor component of the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale) were not different between the clinically most and least affected body sides. Our data support that the asymmetry in striatal dopaminergic degeneration becomes less prominent in moderate-stage PD. In contrast, during the above period, the asymmetry of motor symptoms was maintained between the clinically most and least affected body sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas-Antonios Roussakis
- Division of Neurology, Neurology Imaging Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zhou Zeng
- Division of Neurology, Neurology Imaging Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicholas P Lao-Kaim
- Division of Neurology, Neurology Imaging Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio Martin-Bastida
- Division of Neurology, Neurology Imaging Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Piccini
- Division of Neurology, Neurology Imaging Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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A promising therapeutic potential of cerebrolysin in 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2016; 155:174-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bannon D, Landau AM, Doudet DJ. How Relevant Are Imaging Findings in Animal Models of Movement Disorders to Human Disease? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2015; 15:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Huot P, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. Monoamine reuptake inhibitors in Parkinson's disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2015; 2015:609428. [PMID: 25810948 PMCID: PMC4355567 DOI: 10.1155/2015/609428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are secondary to a dopamine deficiency in the striatum. However, the degenerative process in PD is not limited to the dopaminergic system and also affects serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons. Because they can increase monoamine levels throughout the brain, monoamine reuptake inhibitors (MAUIs) represent potential therapeutic agents in PD. However, they are seldom used in clinical practice other than as antidepressants and wake-promoting agents. This review article summarises all of the available literature on use of 50 MAUIs in PD. The compounds are divided according to their relative potency for each of the monoamine transporters. Despite wide discrepancy in the methodology of the studies reviewed, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) selective serotonin transporter (SERT), selective noradrenaline transporter (NET), and dual SERT/NET inhibitors are effective against PD depression; (2) selective dopamine transporter (DAT) and dual DAT/NET inhibitors exert an anti-Parkinsonian effect when administered as monotherapy but do not enhance the anti-Parkinsonian actions of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); (3) dual DAT/SERT inhibitors might enhance the anti-Parkinsonian actions of L-DOPA without worsening dyskinesia; (4) triple DAT/NET/SERT inhibitors might exert an anti-Parkinsonian action as monotherapy and might enhance the anti-Parkinsonian effects of L-DOPA, though at the expense of worsening dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Division of Neurology, Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan H. Fox
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
- Division of Neurology, Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Jonathan M. Brotchie
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
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Wu X, Cai H, Ge R, Li L, Jia Z. Recent progress of imaging agents for Parkinson's disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:551-63. [PMID: 25977680 PMCID: PMC4428027 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666141204221238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive, neurodegenerative brain disease that is promoted by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein aggregation and proteasome dysfunction in the brain. Compared with computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), non-invasive nuclear radiopharmaceuticals have great significance for the early diagnosis of PD due to their high sensitivity and specificity in atypical and preclinical cases. Based on the development of coordination chemistry and chelator design, radionuclides may be delivered to lesions by attaching to PD-related transporters and receptors, such as dopamine, serotonin, and others. In this review, we comprehensively detailed the current achievements in radionuclide imaging in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ran Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Cumming P, Maschauer S, Riss PJ, Tschammer N, Fehler SK, Heinrich MR, Kuwert T, Prante O. Radiosynthesis and validation of ¹⁸F-FP-CMT, a phenyltropane with superior properties for imaging the dopamine transporter in living brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:1148-56. [PMID: 24714035 PMCID: PMC4083377 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To date there is no validated, (18)F-labeled dopamine transporter (DAT) radiotracer with a rapid kinetic profile suitable for preclinical small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) studies in rodent models of human basal ganglia disease. Herein we report radiosynthesis and validation of the phenyltropane (18)F-FP-CMT. Dynamic PET recordings were obtained for (18)F-FP-CMT in six untreated rats, and six rats pretreated with the high-affinity DAT ligand GBR 12909; mean parametric maps of binding potential (BPND) relative to the cerebellum reference region, and maps of total distribution volume (VT) relative to the metabolite-corrected arterial input were produced. (18)F-FP-CMT BPND maps showed peak values of ∼4 in the striatum, versus ∼0.4 in the vicinity of the substantia nigra. Successive truncation of the PET recordings indicated that stable BPND estimates could be obtained with recordings lasting only 45 minutes, reflecting rapid kinetics of (18)F-FP-CMT. Pretreatment with GBR 12909 reduced the striatal binding by 72% to 76%. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed rapid metabolism of (18)F-FP-CMT to a single, non-brain penetrant hydrophilic metabolite. Total distribution of volume calculated relative to the metabolite-corrected arterial input was 4.4 mL/g in the cerebellum. The pharmacological selectivity of (18)F-FP-CMT, rapid kinetic profile, and lack of problematic metabolites constitute optimal properties for quantitation of DAT in rat, and may also predict applicability in human PET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick J Riss
- Department of Chemistry, Universitetet i Oslo & Norsk Medisinisk Syklotronsenter AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie K Fehler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten Kuwert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
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Ren X, Zhang T, Gong X, Hu G, Ding W, Wang X. AAV2-mediated striatum delivery of human CDNF prevents the deterioration of midbrain dopamine neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine induced parkinsonian rat model. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Converse AK, Moore CF, Moirano JM, Ahlers EO, Larson JA, Engle JW, Barnhart TE, Murali D, Christian BT, DeJesus OT, Holden JE, Nickles RJ, Schneider ML. Prenatal stress induces increased striatal dopamine transporter binding in adult nonhuman primates. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:502-10. [PMID: 23726316 PMCID: PMC3775901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the effects in adult offspring of maternal exposure to stress and alcohol during pregnancy, we imaged striatal and midbrain dopamine transporter (DAT) binding by positron emission tomography in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). We also evaluated the relationship between DAT binding and behavioral responses previously found to relate to dopamine D2 receptor density (responsivity to tactile stimuli, performance on a learning task, and behavior during a learning task). METHODS Subjects were adult offspring derived from a 2 × 2 experiment in which pregnant monkeys were randomly assigned to control, daily mild stress exposure (acoustic startle), voluntary consumption of moderate-level alcohol, or both daily stress and alcohol. Adult offspring (n = 38) were imaged by positron emission tomography with the DAT ligand [(18)F]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-fluoroethyl)-nortropane ([(18)F]FECNT). RESULTS Results showed that prenatal stress yielded an overall increase of 15% in [(18)F]FECNT binding in the striatum (p = .016), 17% greater binding in the putamen (p = .012), and 13% greater binding in the head of the caudate (p = .028) relative to animals not exposed to prenatal stress. Striatal [(18)F]FECNT binding correlated negatively with habituation to repeated tactile stimulation and positively with tactile responsivity. There were no significant effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on [(18)F]FECNT binding. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to mild daily stress during pregnancy yielded increases in striatal DAT availability that were apparent in adult offspring and were associated with behavioral characteristics reflecting tactile hyperresponsivity, a condition associated with problem behaviors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Converse
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison,Corresponding author: , tel. 001/608/265.6604, T123 Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53704
| | | | | | | | - Julie A. Larson
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James E. Holden
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Mary L. Schneider
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of (RS)-glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase in murine sub-acute and acute MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5532-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bäck S, Raki M, Tuominen RK, Raasmaja A, Bergström K, Männistö PT. High correlation between in vivo [123I]β-CIT SPECT/CT imaging and post-mortem immunohistochemical findings in the evaluation of lesions induced by 6-OHDA in rats. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:46. [PMID: 23758882 PMCID: PMC3689076 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is widely used in pre-clinical animal studies to induce degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons to create animal models of Parkinson's disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of combined single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for the detection of differences in 6-OHDA-induced partial lesions in a dose- and time-dependent manner using the dopamine transporter (DAT) ligand 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[123I]iodophenyl)tropane ([123I]β-CIT). Methods Rats were unilaterally lesioned with intrastriatal injections of 8 or 2 × 10 μg 6-OHDA. At 2 or 4 weeks post-lesion, 40 to 50 MBq [123I]β-CIT was administered intravenously and rats were imaged with small-animal SPECT/CT under isoflurane anesthesia. The striatum was delineated and mean striatal activity in the lesioned side was compared to the intact side. After the [123I]β-CIT SPECT/CT scan, the rats were tested for amphetamine-induced rotation asymmetry, and their brains were immunohistochemically stained for DAT and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The fiber density of DAT- and TH-stained striata was estimated, and TH-immunoreactive cells in the rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were stereologically counted. Results The striatal uptake of [123I]β-CIT differed significantly between the lesion groups and the results were highly correlated to both striatal DAT- and TH-immunoreactive fiber densities and to TH-immunoreactive cell numbers in the rat SNpc. No clear progression of the lesion could be seen. Conclusions [123I]β-CIT SPECT/CT is a valuable tool in predicting the condition of the rat midbrain dopaminergic pathway in the unilateral partial 6-OHDA lesion model of Parkinson's disease and it offers many advantages, allowing repeated non-invasive analysis of living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bäck
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
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Lettfuss NY, Fischer K, Sossi V, Pichler BJ, von Ameln-Mayerhofer A. Imaging DA release in a rat model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias: A longitudinal in vivo PET investigation of the antidyskinetic effect of MDMA. Neuroimage 2012; 63:423-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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