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MRI Contrast Agents in Glycobiology. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238297. [PMID: 36500389 PMCID: PMC9735696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition involving glycoprotein-mediated interactions is ubiquitous in both normal and pathological natural processes. Therefore, visualization of these interactions and the extent of expression of the sugars is a challenge in medical diagnosis, monitoring of therapy, and drug design. Here, we review the literature on the development and validation of probes for magnetic resonance imaging using carbohydrates either as targeting vectors or as a target. Lectins are important targeting vectors for carbohydrate end groups, whereas selectins, the asialoglycoprotein receptor, sialic acid end groups, hyaluronic acid, and glycated serum and hemoglobin are interesting carbohydrate targets.
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Jackson IM, Webb EW, Scott PJ, James ML. In Silico Approaches for Addressing Challenges in CNS Radiopharmaceutical Design. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1675-1683. [PMID: 35606334 PMCID: PMC9945852 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and versatile molecular imaging modality that leverages radiolabeled molecules, known as radiotracers, to interrogate biochemical processes such as metabolism, enzymatic activity, and receptor expression. The ability to probe specific molecular and cellular events longitudinally in a noninvasive manner makes PET imaging a particularly powerful technique for studying the central nervous system (CNS) in both health and disease. Unfortunately, developing and translating a single CNS PET tracer for clinical use is typically an extremely resource-intensive endeavor, often requiring synthesis and evaluation of numerous candidate molecules. While existing in vitro methods are beginning to address the challenge of derisking molecules prior to costly in vivo PET studies, most require a significant investment of resources and possess substantial limitations. In the context of CNS drug development, significant time and resources have been invested into the development and optimization of computational methods, particularly involving machine learning, to streamline the design of better CNS therapeutics. However, analogous efforts developed and validated for CNS radiotracer design are conspicuously limited. In this Perspective, we overview the requirements and challenges of CNS PET tracer design, survey the most promising computational methods for in silico CNS drug design, and bridge these two areas by discussing the potential applications and impact of computational design tools in CNS radiotracer design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Jackson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - E. William Webb
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter J.H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;,Corresponding Authors: Peter J. H. Scott − Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; , Michelle L. James − Departments of Radiology, and Neurology & Neurological Sciences, 1201 Welch Rd., P-206, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, United States;
| | - Michelle L. James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;,Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304.,Corresponding Authors: Peter J. H. Scott − Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; , Michelle L. James − Departments of Radiology, and Neurology & Neurological Sciences, 1201 Welch Rd., P-206, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, United States;
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Uzal-Varela R, Valencia L, Lalli D, Maneiro M, Esteban-Gómez D, Platas-Iglesias C, Botta M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A. Understanding the Effect of the Electron Spin Relaxation on the Relaxivities of Mn(II) Complexes with Triazacyclononane Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15055-15068. [PMID: 34618439 PMCID: PMC8527457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the relaxation of water 1H nuclei induced by paramagnetic Mn(II) complexes is important to understand the mechanisms that control the efficiency of contrast agents used in diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Herein, a series of potentially hexadentate triazacyclononane (TACN) derivatives containing different pendant arms were designed to explore the relaxation of the electron spin in the corresponding Mn(II) complexes by using a combination of 1H NMR relaxometry and theoretical calculations. These ligands include 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (H3NOTA) and three derivatives in which an acetate group is replaced by sulfonamide (H3NO2ASAm), amide (H2NO2AM), or pyridyl (H2NO2APy) pendants. The analogue of H3NOTA containing three propionate pendant arms (H3NOTPrA) was also investigated. The X-ray structure of the derivative containing two acetate groups and a sulfonamide pendant arm [Mn(NO2ASAm)]- evidenced six-coordination of the ligand to the metal ion, with the coordination polyhedron being close to a trigonal prism. The relaxivities of all complexes at 20 MHz and 25 °C (1.1-1.3 mM-1 s-1) are typical of systems that lack water molecules coordinated to the metal ion. The nuclear magnetic relaxation profiles evidence significant differences in the relaxivities of the complexes at low fields (<1 MHz), which are associated with different spin relaxation rates. The zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters calculated by using DFT and CASSCF methods show that electronic relaxation is relatively insensitive to the nature of the donor atoms. However, the twist angle of the two tripodal faces that delineate the coordination polyhedron, defined by the N atoms of the TACN unit (lower face) and the donor atoms of the pendant arms (upper face), has an important effect in the ZFS parameters. A twist angle close to the ideal value for an octahedral coordination (60°), such as that in [Mn(NOTPrA)]-, leads to a small ZFS energy, whereas this value increases as the coordination polyhedron approaches to a trigonal prism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Uzal-Varela
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Daniela Lalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marcelino Maneiro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
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4
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Vigne J, Thackeray J, Essers J, Makowski M, Varasteh Z, Curaj A, Karlas A, Canet-Soulas E, Mulder W, Kiessling F, Schäfers M, Botnar R, Wildgruber M, Hyafil F. Current and Emerging Preclinical Approaches for Imaging-Based Characterization of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:869-887. [PMID: 30250990 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques can remain quiescent for years, but become life threatening upon rupture or disruption, initiating clot formation in the vessel lumen and causing acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Whether and how a plaque ruptures is determined by its macroscopic structure and microscopic composition. Rupture-prone plaques usually consist of a thin fibrous cap with few smooth muscle cells, a large lipid core, a dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells, and neovessels. Such lesions, termed high-risk plaques, can remain asymptomatic until the thrombotic event. Various imaging technologies currently allow visualization of morphological and biological characteristics of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. Conventional protocols are often complex and lack specificity for high-risk plaque. Conversely, new imaging approaches are emerging which may overcome these limitations. Validation of these novel imaging techniques in preclinical models of atherosclerosis is essential for effective translational to clinical practice. Imaging the vessel wall, as well as its biological milieu in small animal models, is challenging because the vessel wall is a small structure that undergoes continuous movements imposed by the cardiac cycle as it is adjacent to circulating blood. The focus of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review on techniques currently available for preclinical imaging of atherosclerosis in small animal models and to discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vigne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP; INSERM, U-1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France
| | - James Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Molecular Genetics, Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adelina Curaj
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Canet-Soulas
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, Lyon/Hospices Civils Lyon, IHU OPERA Cardioprotection, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Willem Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - René Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP; INSERM, U-1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France. .,Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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Präger M, Kiechle M, Stollenwerk B, Hinzen C, Glatz J, Vogl M, Leidl R. Costs and effects of intra-operative fluorescence molecular imaging - A model-based, early assessment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198137. [PMID: 29856875 PMCID: PMC5983425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Successful breast conserving cancer surgeries come along with tumor free resection margins and account for cosmetic outcome. Positive margins increase the likelihood of tumor recurrence. Intra-operative fluorescence molecular imaging (IFMI) aims to focus surgery on malignant tissue thus substantially lowering the presence of positive margins as compared with standard techniques of breast conservation (ST). A goal of this paper is to assess the incremental number of surgeries and costs of IFMI vs. ST. Methods We developed a decision analytical model and applied it for an early evaluation approach. Given uncertainty we considered that IFMI might reduce the proportion of positive margins found by ST from all to none and this proportion is assumed to be reduced to 10% for the base case. Inputs included data from the literature and a range of effect estimates. For the costs of IFMI, respective cost components were added to those of ST. Results The base case reduction lowered number of surgeries (mean [95% confidence interval]) by 0.22 [0.15; 0.30] and changed costs (mean [95% confidence interval]) by €-663 [€-1,584; €50]. A tornado diagram identified the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) costs, the proportion of positive margins of ST, the staff time saving factor and the duration of frozen section analysis (FSA) as important determinants of this cost. Conclusions These early results indicate that IFMI may be more effective than ST and through the reduction of positive margins it is possible to save follow-up surgeries–indicating further health risk–and to save costs through this margin reduction and the avoidance of FSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Präger
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH)—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), Munich, Germany
| | - Björn Stollenwerk
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH)—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hinzen
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH)—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Glatz
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH)—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogl
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH)—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reiner Leidl
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH)—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Center of Health Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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6
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Exploiting Size-Dependent Drag and Magnetic Forces for Size-Specific Separation of Magnetic Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20001-19. [PMID: 26307980 PMCID: PMC4581337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160820001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Realizing the full potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in nanomedicine requires the optimization of their physical and chemical properties. Elucidation of the effects of these properties on clinical diagnostic or therapeutic properties, however, requires the synthesis or purification of homogenous samples, which has proved to be difficult. While initial simulations indicated that size-selective separation could be achieved by flowing magnetic nanoparticles through a magnetic field, subsequent in vitro experiments were unable to reproduce the predicted results. Magnetic field-flow fractionation, however, was found to be an effective method for the separation of polydisperse suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles with diameters greater than 20 nm. While similar methods have been used to separate magnetic nanoparticles before, no previous work has been done with magnetic nanoparticles between 20 and 200 nm. Both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis were used to confirm the size of the MNPs. Further development of this work could lead to MNPs with the narrow size distributions necessary for their in vitro and in vivo optimization.
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7
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Lee N, Yoo D, Ling D, Cho MH, Hyeon T, Cheon J. Iron Oxide Based Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging and Magnetoresponsive Therapy. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10637-89. [PMID: 26250431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nohyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University , Seoul 136-702, Korea
| | - Dongwon Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Daishun Ling
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 151-742, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Mi Hyeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 151-742, Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Kim SJ, Lewis B, Steiner MS, Bissa UV, Dose C, Frank JA. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for direct labeling of stem cells and in vivo MRI tracking. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:55-64. [PMID: 26234504 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To develop effective stem cell therapies, it is important to track therapeutic cells non-invasively and monitor homing to areas of pathology. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate the labeling efficiency of commercially available dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, FeraTrack Direct (FTD), in various stem and immune cells; assess the cytotoxicity and tolerability of the FTD in stem cells; and monitor stem cell homing using FTD-labeled bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) in a tumor model by in vivo MRI. BMSCs, NSCs, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), T-lymphocytes, and monocytes were labeled effectively with FTD without the need for transfection agents, and Prussian blue (PB) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed intracellular uptake of the agent. The viability, proliferation, and functionality of the labeled cells were minimally or not affected after labeling. When 10(6) FTD-labeled BMSCs or NSCs were injected into C6 glioma bearing nude mice, the cells homing to the tumors were detected as hypointense regions within the tumor using 3 T clinical MRI up to 10 days post injection. Histological analysis confirmed the homing of injected cells to the tumor by the presence of PB positive cells that are not macrophages. Labeling of stem cells or immune cells with FTD was non-toxic, and should facilitate the translation of this agent to clinical trials for evaluation of trafficking of cells by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saejeong J Kim
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bobbi Lewis
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A Frank
- Frank Laboratory, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Liu S. Radiolabeled Cyclic RGD Peptide Bioconjugates as Radiotracers Targeting Multiple Integrins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1413-38. [PMID: 26193072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a requirement for tumor growth and metastasis. The angiogenic process depends on vascular endothelial cell migration and invasion, and is regulated by various cell adhesion receptors. Integrins are such a family of receptors that facilitate the cellular adhesion to and migration on extracellular matrix proteins in the intercellular spaces and basement membranes. Among 24 members of the integrin family, αvβ3 is studied most extensively for its role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The αvβ3 is expressed at relatively low levels on epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed on the activated endothelial cells of tumor neovasculature and some tumor cells. This restricted expression makes αvβ3 an excellent target to develop antiangiogenic drugs and diagnostic molecular imaging probes. Since αvβ3 is a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins with one or more RGD tripeptide sequence, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as "αvβ3-targeted" radiotracers for tumor imaging over the past decade. This article will use the dimeric and tetrameric cyclic RGD peptides developed in our laboratories as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of αvβ3-targeted radiotracers. It will focus on different approaches to maximize the radiotracer tumor uptake and tumor/background ratios. This article will also discuss some important assays for preclinical evaluations of integrin-targeted radiotracers. In general, multimerization of cyclic RGD peptides increases their integrin binding affinity and the tumor uptake and retention times of their radiotracers. Regardless of their multiplicity, the capability of cyclic RGD peptides to bind other integrins (namely, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6) is expected to enhance the radiotracer tumor uptake due to the increased integrin population. The results from preclinical and clinical studies clearly show that radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides (such as (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2, (18)F-Alfatide-I, and (18)F-Alfatide-II) are useful as the molecular imaging probes for early cancer detection and noninvasive monitoring of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Hristova I, Boellaard R, Vogel W, Mottaghy F, Marreaud S, Collette S, Schöffski P, Sanfilippo R, Dewji R, van der Graaf W, Oyen WJG. Retrospective quality control review of FDG scans in the imaging sub-study of PALETTE EORTC 62072/VEG110727: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:848-57. [PMID: 25711176 PMCID: PMC4382532 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (18)F-Labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) can detect early changes in tumour metabolism and may be a useful quantitative imaging biomarker (QIB) for prediction of disease stabilization, response and duration of progression-free survival (PFS). Standardization of imaging procedures is a prerequisite, especially in multicentre clinical trials. In this study we reviewed the quality of FDG scans and compliance with the imaging guideline (IG) in a phase III clinical trial. METHODS Forty-four cancer patients were enroled in an imaging sub-study of a randomized international multicentre trial. FDG scan had to be performed at baseline and 10-14 days after treatment start. The image transmittal forms (ITFs) and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) [1] standard headers were analysed for compliance with the IG. Mean liver standardized uptake values (LSUVmean) were measured as recommended by positron emission tomography (PET) Response Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0 (PERCIST) [2]. RESULTS Of 88 scans, 81 were received (44 patients); 36 were properly anonymized; 77/81 serum glucose values submitted, all but one within the IG. In 35/44 patients both scans were of sufficient visual quality. In 22/70 ITFs the reported UT differed by >1 min from the DICOM headers (max. difference 1 h 4 min). Based on the DICOM, UT compliance for both scans was 31.4%. LSUVmean was fairly constant for the 11 patients with UT compliance: 2.30 ± 0.33 at baseline and 2.27 ± 0.48 at follow-up (FU). Variability substantially increased for the subjects with unacceptable UT (11 patients): 2.27 ± 1.04 at baseline and 2.18 ± 0.83 at FU. CONCLUSION The high attrition number of patients due to low compliance with the IG compromised the quantitative assessment of the predictive value for early response monitoring. This emphasizes the need for better regulated procedures in imaging departments, which may be achieved by education of involved personnel or efforts towards regulations. LSUVmean could be monitored to assess quality and compliance in an FDG PET/CT study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivalina Hristova
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium,
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Cai H, Mangner TJ, Muzik O, Wang MW, Chugani DC, Chugani HT. Radiosynthesis of (11)C-Levetiracetam: A Potential Marker for PET Imaging of SV2A Expression. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1152-5. [PMID: 25313330 DOI: 10.1021/ml500285t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The multistep preparation of (11)C-levetiracetam ((11)C-LEV) was carried out by a one-pot radiosynthesis with 8.3 ± 1.6% (n = 8) radiochemical yield in 50 ± 5.0 min. Briefly, the propionaldehyde was converted to propan-1-imine in situ as labeling precursor by incubation with ammonia. Without further separation, the imine was reacted with (11)C-HCN to form (11)C-aminonitrile. This crude was then reacted with 4-chlorobutyryl chloride and followed by hydrolysis to yield (11)C-LEV after purification by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both the radiochemical and enantiomeric purities of (11)C-LEV were >98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Cai
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Thomas J. Mangner
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Otto Muzik
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | | | - Diane C. Chugani
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Harry T. Chugani
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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12
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Warren AD, Gaylord ST, Ngan KC, Dumont Milutinovic M, Kwong GA, Bhatia SN, Walt DR. Disease detection by ultrasensitive quantification of microdosed synthetic urinary biomarkers. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13709-14. [PMID: 25198059 PMCID: PMC4183649 DOI: 10.1021/ja505676h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of exogenous agents can enable noninvasive disease monitoring, but existing low-dose approaches require complex infrastructure. In this paper, we describe a microdose-scale injectable formulation of nanoparticles that interrogate the activity of thrombin, a key regulator of clotting, and produce urinary reporters of disease state. We establish a customized single molecule detection assay that enables urinary discrimination of thromboembolic disease in mice using doses of the nanoparticulate diagnostic agents that fall under regulatory guidelines for "microdosing."
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Warren
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 76-453, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Naumova AV, Modo M, Moore A, Murry CE, Frank JA. Clinical imaging in regenerative medicine. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:804-18. [PMID: 25093889 PMCID: PMC4164232 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, clinical imaging is indispensable for characterizing damaged tissue and for measuring the safety and efficacy of therapy. However, the ability to track the fate and function of transplanted cells with current technologies is limited. Exogenous contrast labels such as nanoparticles give a strong signal in the short term but are unreliable long term. Genetically encoded labels are good both short- and long-term in animals, but in the human setting they raise regulatory issues related to the safety of genomic integration and potential immunogenicity of reporter proteins. Imaging studies in brain, heart and islets share a common set of challenges, including developing novel labeling approaches to improve detection thresholds and early delineation of toxicity and function. Key areas for future research include addressing safety concerns associated with genetic labels and developing methods to follow cell survival, differentiation and integration with host tissue. Imaging may bridge the gap between cell therapies and health outcomes by elucidating mechanisms of action through longitudinal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Naumova
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Centre for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph A Frank
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Shao Y, Liang W, Kang F, Yang W, Ma X, Li G, Zong S, Chen K, Wang J. A direct comparison of tumor angiogenesis with ⁶⁸Ga-labeled NGR and RGD peptides in HT-1080 tumor xenografts using microPET imaging. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2355-64. [PMID: 24990522 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptides containing asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence are being developed for tumor angiogenesis-targeted imaging and therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of NGR- and RGD-based probes for imaging tumor angiogenesis in HT-1080 tumor xenografts. Two PET probes, (68)Ga-NOTA-G₃-NGR2 and ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-G₃-RGD2, were successfully prepared. In vitro stability, partition coefficient, tumor cell binding, as well as in vivo biodistribution properties were also analyzed for both PET probes. The results revealed that the two probes were both hydrophilic and stable in vitro and in vivo, and they were excreted predominately and rapidly through the kidneys. For both probes, the higher tumor uptake and lower accumulation in vital organs were determined. No significant difference between two probes was observed in terms of tumor uptake and the in vivo biodistribution properties. We concluded that these two probes are promising in tumor angiogenesis imaging. ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-G₃-NGR2 has the potential as an alternative for PET imaging in patients with fibrosarcoma, and it may offer an opportunity to noninvasively monitor CD13-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
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Kaittanis C, Shaffer TM, Ogirala A, Santra S, Perez JM, Chiosis G, Li Y, Josephson L, Grimm J. Environment-responsive nanophores for therapy and treatment monitoring via molecular MRI quenching. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3384. [PMID: 24594970 PMCID: PMC4108301 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective delivery of therapeutics to disease sites significantly contributes to drug efficacy, toxicity and clearance. Here we demonstrate that clinically approved iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxytol) can be utilized to carry one or multiple drugs. These so called ‘nanophores’ retain their cargo within their polymeric coating through weak electrostatic interactions and release it in slightly acidic conditions (pH 6.8 and below). The loading of drugs increases the nanophores’ transverse T2 and longitudinal T1 NMR proton relaxation times, which is proportional to amount of carried cargo. Chemotherapy with translational nanophores is more effective than the free drug in vitro and in vivo, without subjecting the drugs or the carrier nanoparticle to any chemical modification. Evaluation of cargo incorporation and payload levels in vitro and in vivo can be assessed via benchtop magnetic relaxometers, common NMR instruments or MRI scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Kaittanis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- 1] Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Anuja Ogirala
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Santimukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
| | - J Manuel Perez
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yueming Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dralle Mjos
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Fahey F, Zukotynski K, Capala J, Knight N. Targeted radionuclide therapy: proceedings of a joint workshop hosted by the National Cancer Institute and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:337-48. [PMID: 24396032 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.135178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Fahey
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Hung JC. Bringing New PET drugs to clinical practice - a regulatory perspective. Theranostics 2013; 3:885-93. [PMID: 24312157 PMCID: PMC3841338 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory framework for radioactive drugs, in particular those used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans, has been gradually established since the release of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act in 1997. Various guidances specially tailored to accommodate special properties of PET drugs have been issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in order to ensure this valuable technology (i.e., PET molecular imaging) will continue to be available to patients and yet the safety and efficacy of PET drugs are well regulated so that public health will be protected. This article presents several key elements of this regulatory framework for PET drugs. New regulatory avenues proposed by the FDA to facilitate the research and development process to bring more new PET drugs to clinical practice, as well as to foster the opportunity of using "orphan" PET drugs in clinical practice are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Hung
- ✉ Corresponding author: Joseph C. Hung, Ph.D., BCNP. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Phone number: 507-284-4104 Fax number: 507-266-4461 E-mail:
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