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Ding M, Gao T, Song Y, Yi L, Li W, Deng C, Zhou W, Xie M, Zhang L. Nanoparticle-based T cell immunoimaging and immunomodulatory for diagnosing and treating transplant rejection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24203. [PMID: 38312645 PMCID: PMC10835187 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells serve a pivotal role in the rejection of transplants, both by directly attacking the graft and by recruiting other immune cells, which intensifies the rejection process. Therefore, monitoring T cells becomes crucial for early detection of transplant rejection, while targeted drug delivery specifically to T cells can significantly enhance the effectiveness of rejection therapy. However, regulating the activity of T cells within transplanted organs is challenging, and the prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs is associated with notable side effects and complications. Functionalized nanoparticles offer a potential solution by targeting T cells within transplants or lymph nodes, thereby reducing the off-target effects and improving the long-term survival of the graft. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent advancements in T cell-targeted imaging molecular probes for diagnosing transplant rejection and the progress of T cell-regulating nanomedicines for treating transplant rejection. Additionally, we will discuss future directions and the challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Ding
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yishu Song
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Luyang Yi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wuqi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
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2
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Gawne P, Man F, Blower PJ, T. M. de Rosales R. Direct Cell Radiolabeling for in Vivo Cell Tracking with PET and SPECT Imaging. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10266-10318. [PMID: 35549242 PMCID: PMC9185691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arrival of cell-based therapies is a revolution in medicine. However, its safe clinical application in a rational manner depends on reliable, clinically applicable methods for determining the fate and trafficking of therapeutic cells in vivo using medical imaging techniques─known as in vivo cell tracking. Radionuclide imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) has several advantages over other imaging modalities for cell tracking because of its high sensitivity (requiring low amounts of probe per cell for imaging) and whole-body quantitative imaging capability using clinically available scanners. For cell tracking with radionuclides, ex vivo direct cell radiolabeling, that is, radiolabeling cells before their administration, is the simplest and most robust method, allowing labeling of any cell type without the need for genetic modification. This Review covers the development and application of direct cell radiolabeling probes utilizing a variety of chemical approaches: organic and inorganic/coordination (radio)chemistry, nanomaterials, and biochemistry. We describe the key early developments and the most recent advances in the field, identifying advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches and informing future development and choice of methods for clinical and preclinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
J. Gawne
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Francis Man
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Rafael T. M. de Rosales
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.
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3
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Hegi-Johnson F, Rudd S, Hicks RJ, De Ruysscher D, Trapani JA, John T, Donnelly P, Blyth B, Hanna G, Everitt S, Roselt P, MacManus MP. Imaging immunity in patients with cancer using positron emission tomography. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:24. [PMID: 35393508 PMCID: PMC8989882 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and related molecules can achieve tumour regression, and even prolonged survival, for a subset of cancer patients with an otherwise dire prognosis. However, it remains unclear why some patients respond to immunotherapy and others do not. PET imaging has the potential to characterise the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of both immunotherapy target molecules and the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting a tantalising vision of personally-adapted immunomodulatory treatment regimens. Personalised combinations of immunotherapy with local therapies and other systemic therapies, would be informed by immune imaging and subsequently modified in accordance with therapeutically induced immune environmental changes. An ideal PET imaging biomarker would facilitate the choice of initial therapy and would permit sequential imaging in time-frames that could provide actionable information to guide subsequent therapy. Such imaging should provide either prognostic or predictive measures of responsiveness relevant to key immunotherapy types but, most importantly, guide key decisions on initiation, continuation, change or cessation of treatment to reduce the cost and morbidity of treatment while enhancing survival outcomes. We survey the current literature, focusing on clinically relevant immune checkpoint immunotherapies, for which novel PET tracers are being developed, and discuss what steps are needed to make this vision a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Hegi-Johnson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stacey Rudd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard Hanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Everitt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Roselt
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Sato N, Choyke PL. Whole-Body Imaging to Assess Cell-Based Immunotherapy: Preclinical Studies with an Update on Clinical Translation. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:235-248. [PMID: 34816284 PMCID: PMC8983636 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, immunotherapies against cancers made impressive progress. Immunotherapy includes a broad range of interventions that can be separated into two major groups: cell-based immunotherapies, such as adoptive T cell therapies and stem cell therapies, and immunomodulatory molecular therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors and cytokine therapies. Genetic engineering techniques that transduce T cells with a cancer-antigen-specific T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor have expanded to other cell types, and further modulation of the cells to enhance cancer targeting properties has been explored. Because cell-based immunotherapies rely on cells migrating to target organs or tissues, there is a growing interest in imaging technologies that non-invasively monitor transferred cells in vivo. Here, we review whole-body imaging methods to assess cell-based immunotherapy using a variety of examples. Following a review of preclinically used cell tracking technologies, we consider the status of their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10/Rm. B3B406, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10/Rm. B3B69F, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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5
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Kamiyama Y, Naritomi Y, Moriya Y, Yamamoto S, Kitahashi T, Maekawa T, Yahata M, Hanada T, Uchiyama A, Noumaru A, Koga Y, Higuchi T, Ito M, Komatsu H, Miyoshi S, Kimura S, Umeda N, Fujita E, Tanaka N, Sugita T, Takayama S, Kurogi A, Yasuda S, Sato Y. Biodistribution studies for cell therapy products: Current status and issues. Regen Ther 2021; 18:202-216. [PMID: 34307798 PMCID: PMC8282960 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the biodistribution (BD) of cell therapy products (CTPs) is essential for prediction and assessment of their efficacy and toxicity profiles in non-clinical and clinical studies. To conduct BD studies, it is necessary to understand regulatory requirements, implementation status, and analytical methods. This review aimed at surveying international and Japanese trends concerning the BD study for CTPs and the following subjects were investigated, which were considered particularly important: 1) comparison of guidelines to understand the regulatory status of BD studies in a global setting; 2) case studies of the BD study using databases to understand its current status in cell therapy; 3) case studies on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) used primarily in non-clinical BD studies for CTPs; and 4) survey of imaging methods used for non-clinical and clinical BD studies. The results in this review will be a useful resource for implementing BD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kamiyama
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Naritomi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuu Moriya
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kitahashi
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corp., 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-Machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Maekawa
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corp., 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-Machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yahata
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hanada
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo.Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Uchiyama
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akari Noumaru
- Kumamoto Laboratories, LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, 1285 Kurisaki-machi, Uto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Koga
- Kumamoto Laboratories, LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, 1285 Kurisaki-machi, Uto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Higuchi
- Non-clinical Development, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Tsukuba Research Institute, BoZo Research Center Inc., 8 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Komatsu
- Science BD Department, CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., 1-1-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sosuke Miyoshi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Kimura
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Umeda
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eriko Fujita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Evaluation Center, Terumo Corporation, 1500 Inokuchi, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Sugita
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Takayama
- Cell Therapy Technology, Healthcare R&D Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2-1 Samejima, Fuji-Shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kurogi
- Regenerative Medicine Research & Planning Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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6
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Kiraga Ł, Kucharzewska P, Paisey S, Cheda Ł, Domańska A, Rogulski Z, Rygiel TP, Boffi A, Król M. Nuclear imaging for immune cell tracking in vivo – Comparison of various cell labeling methods and their application. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Hirai T, Mayer AT, Nobashi TW, Lin PY, Xiao Z, Udagawa T, Seo K, Simonetta F, Baker J, Cheng AG, Negrin RS, Gambhir SS. Imaging alloreactive T cells provides early warning of organ transplant rejection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145360. [PMID: 34236044 PMCID: PMC8410037 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of organ transplant rejection relies upon biopsy approaches to confirm alloreactive T cell infiltration in the graft. Immune molecular monitoring is under investigation to screen for rejection, though these techniques have suffered from low specificity and lack of spatial information. ImmunoPET utilizing antibodies conjugated to radioisotopes has the potential to improve early and accurate detection of graft rejection. ImmunoPET is capable of noninvasively visualizing the dynamic distribution of cells expressing specific immune markers in the entire body over time. In this work, we identify and characterize OX40 as a surrogate biomarker for alloreactive T cells in organ transplant rejection and monitor its expression by utilizing immunoPET. In a dual murine heart transplant model that has both syngeneic and allogeneic hearts engrafted in bilateral ear pinna on the recipients, OX40 immunoPET clearly depicted alloreactive T cells in the allograft and draining lymph node that were not observed in their respective isograft counterparts. OX40 immunoPET signals also reflected the subject’s immunosuppression level with tacrolimus in this study. OX40 immunoPET is a promising approach that may bridge molecular monitoring and morphological assessment for improved transplant rejection diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Hirai
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Bioengineering.,Department of Radiology.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, and.,BioX Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Po-Yu Lin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zunyu Xiao
- Department of Radiology.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, and.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering.,Department of Radiology.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, and.,BioX Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and.,Canary Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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8
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Katagiri D, Wang F, Gore JC, Harris RC, Takahashi T. Clinical and experimental approaches for imaging of acute kidney injury. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:685-699. [PMID: 33835326 PMCID: PMC8154759 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular cell dynamics in acute kidney injury and its heterogeneous etiologies in patient populations in clinical settings have revealed the potential advantages and disadvantages of emerging novel damage biomarkers. Imaging techniques have been developed over the past decade to further our understanding about diseased organs, including the kidneys. Understanding the compositional, structural, and functional changes in damaged kidneys via several imaging modalities would enable a more comprehensive analysis of acute kidney injury, including its risks, diagnosis, and prognosis. This review summarizes recent imaging studies for acute kidney injury and discusses their potential utility in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Katagiri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, S-3223 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Nephrology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt In Vivo Mouse Kidney Imaging Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt In Vivo Mouse Kidney Imaging Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, S-3223 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, S-3223 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt In Vivo Mouse Kidney Imaging Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Pietrobon V, Cesano A, Marincola F, Kather JN. Next Generation Imaging Techniques to Define Immune Topographies in Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604967. [PMID: 33584676 PMCID: PMC7873485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy experienced remarkable developments and it is nowadays considered a promising therapeutic frontier against many types of cancer, especially hematological malignancies. However, in most types of solid tumors, immunotherapy efficacy is modest, partly because of the limited accessibility of lymphocytes to the tumor core. This immune exclusion is mediated by a variety of physical, functional and dynamic barriers, which play a role in shaping the immune infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment. At present there is no unified and integrated understanding about the role played by different postulated models of immune exclusion in human solid tumors. Systematically mapping immune landscapes or "topographies" in cancers of different histology is of pivotal importance to characterize spatial and temporal distribution of lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, providing insights into mechanisms of immune exclusion. Spatially mapping immune cells also provides quantitative information, which could be informative in clinical settings, for example for the discovery of new biomarkers that could guide the design of patient-specific immunotherapies. In this review, we aim to summarize current standard and next generation approaches to define Cancer Immune Topographies based on published studies and propose future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Renal transplantation has become the best treatment for the patients with chronic renal insufficiency. The surgical procedures, immunosuppressive regiments and patient follow-up have evolved especially in the last 10 years. However, the diagnosis for renal transplantation dysfunction remained the same in these years. Serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by serum creatinine based equations are used in routine patient follow-up. Pelvic ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography are used as a first-line imaging method. Assessment of allograft functions both qualitatively and quantitatively are possible using nuclear medicine procedures. Surgical complications, acute tubular necrosis, subacute and/or acute rejection, infections, toxicity due to immunosuppressive medications, complications relating the collecting system, chronic rejection are the main causes for renal function impairment. The imaging procedures can diagnose the worsening of renal transplant function; however, they still lack the ability to differentiate types of rejection as histopathology or differentiate rejection from other causes of allograft dysfunction. The transplant biopsy gives detailed diagnosis for allograft dysfunction, guide the treatment and therefore it is the preferred diagnostic choice in recent years. On recent years, literature on radionuclide imaging is focused on perfusion analysis for the early diagnosis of renal transplant dysfunction and prognostic use of perfusion parameters, and then this article will focus on these studies and their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Volkan-Salanci
- Assoc Prof. Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Hacettepe University, Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belkis Erbas
- Prof. Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Hacettepe University, Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Kurebayashi Y, Choyke PL, Sato N. Imaging of cell-based therapy using 89Zr-oxine ex vivo cell labeling for positron emission tomography. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:27-35. [PMID: 33391973 PMCID: PMC7738941 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.51391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of anti-cancer cell-based therapies, such as adoptive T cell therapies using tumor-infiltrating T cells, T cell receptor transduced T cells, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, there has been a growing interest in imaging technologies to non-invasively track transferred cells in vivo. Cell tracking using ex vivo cell labeling with positron emitting radioisotopes for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has potential advantages over single-photon emitting radioisotopes. These advantages include intrinsically higher resolution, higher sensitivity, and higher signal-to-background ratios. Here, we review the current status of recently developed Zirconium-89 (89Zr)-oxine ex vivo cell labeling with PET imaging focusing on its applications and future perspectives. Labeling of cells with 89Zr-oxine is completed in a series of relatively simple steps, and its low radioactivity doses required for imaging does not interfere with the proliferation or function of the labeled immune cells. Preclinical studies have revealed that 89Zr-oxine PET allows high-resolution in vivo tracking of labeled cells for 1-2 weeks after cell transfer both in mice and non-human primates. These results provide a strong rationale for the clinical translation of 89Zr-oxine PET-based imaging of cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Kidney Transplantation and Diagnostic Imaging: The Early Days and Future Advancements of Transplant Surgery. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010047. [PMID: 33396860 PMCID: PMC7823312 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first steps for modern organ transplantation were taken by Emerich Ullmann (Vienne, Austria) in 1902, with a dog-to-dog kidney transplant, and ultimate success was achieved by Joseph Murray in 1954, with the Boston twin brothers. In the same time period, the ground-breaking work of Wilhelm C. Röntgen (1895) and Maria Sklodowska-Curie (1903), on X-rays and radioactivity, enabled the introduction of diagnostic imaging. In the years thereafter, kidney transplantation and diagnostic imaging followed a synergistic path for their development, with key discoveries in transplant rejection pathways, immunosuppressive therapies, and the integration of diagnostic imaging in transplant programs. The first image of a transplanted kidney, a urogram with intravenous contrast, was shown to the public in 1956, and the first recommendations for transplantation diagnostic imaging were published in 1958. Transplant surgeons were eager to use innovative diagnostic modalities, with renal scintigraphy in the 1960s, as well as ultrasound and computed tomography in the 1970s. The use of innovative diagnostic modalities has had a great impact on the reduction of post-operative complications in kidney transplantation, making it one of the key factors for successful transplantation. For the new generation of transplant surgeons, the historical alignment between transplant surgery and diagnostic imaging can be a motivator for future innovations.
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Rodent Leukocyte Isolation and Radiolabeling for Inflammation Imaging Study. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 54:147-155. [PMID: 32582398 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-020-00645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to describe to develop methods of rodent leukocyte isolation and radiolabeling for in vivo inflammation imaging. Methods Thigh muscle inflammation was induced by injection of collagenase. Blood was collected from the jugular vein and separated by Histopaque. The collected cells were incubated in a 37 °C CO2 incubator for 1~2 h. After incubation, 99mTc-HMPAO and 18F-FDG were used to treat leukocytes followed by incubation for 30 min. 99mTc-HMPAO and 18F-FDG labeled autologous leukocytes were injected into the tail veins of rats. The images were then acquired at various time points. Image-based lesion to normal muscle ratio was compared. Results After Histopaque separation, the proportion of lymphocytes was higher than that of other cell types. After CO2 incubation, the collected leukocytes were viable, while room temperature exposed leukocytes without CO2 incubation were non-viable. Granulocytes, especially, were more quickly influenced by various conditions than the mononuclear cells. Labeling efficiencies of 99mTc-HMPAO and 18F-FDG were 4.00 ± 2.06 and 1.8%, respectively. 99mTc-HMPAO- and 18F-FDG-labeled leukocytes targeted well the inflamed lesion. 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leukocytes, but not 18F-FDG-labeled leukocytes, were found in the abdomen activity. Conclusion Inflamed lesions of rats were well visualized using autologous radiolabeled leukocytes. This method might provide good information for understanding inflammatory diseases.
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McCarthy CE, White JM, Viola NT, Gibson HM. In vivo Imaging Technologies to Monitor the Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1067. [PMID: 32582173 PMCID: PMC7280489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have brought impressive advancements in immune modulation, particularly with the advent of both cancer immunotherapy and biologic therapeutics for inflammatory conditions. However, the dynamic nature of the immune response often complicates the assessment of therapeutic outcomes. Innovative imaging technologies are designed to bridge this gap and allow non-invasive visualization of immune cell presence and/or function in real time. A variety of anatomical and molecular imaging modalities have been applied for this purpose, with each option providing specific advantages and drawbacks. Anatomical methods including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound provide sharp tissue resolution, which can be further enhanced with contrast agents, including super paramagnetic ions (for MRI) or nanobubbles (for ultrasound). Conjugation of the contrast material to an antibody allows for specific targeting of a cell population or protein of interest. Protein platforms including antibodies, cytokines, and receptor ligands are also popular choices as molecular imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), scintigraphy, and optical imaging. These tracers are tagged with either a radioisotope or fluorescent molecule for detection of the target. During the design process for immune-monitoring imaging tracers, it is important to consider any potential downstream physiologic impact. Antibodies may deplete the target cell population, trigger or inhibit receptor signaling, or neutralize the normal function(s) of soluble proteins. Alternatively, the use of cytokines or other ligands as tracers may stimulate their respective signaling pathways, even in low concentrations. As in vivo immune imaging is still in its infancy, this review aims to describe the modalities and immunologic targets that have thus far been explored, with the goal of promoting and guiding the future development and application of novel imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E McCarthy
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jordan M White
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Nerissa T Viola
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Heather M Gibson
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Jadoul A, Lovinfosse P, Bouquegneau A, Weekers L, Pottel H, Hustinx R, Jouret F. Observer variability in the assessment of renal 18F-FDG uptake in kidney transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4617. [PMID: 32165653 PMCID: PMC7067780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
18F-FDG PET/CT imaging may help non-invasively disprove the diagnosis of acute kidney allograft rejection (AR) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). The present study aims at evaluating the repeatability and reproducibility of the quantification of renal 18F-FDG uptake in KTR. We prospectively performed 18F-FDG PET/CT in 95 adult KTR who underwent surveillance transplant biopsy between 3 to 6 months post transplantation. Images were obtained 180 minutes after injecting 3 MBq 18F-FDG per kg body weight. Mean standard uptake value (SUVmean) of kidney cortex was independently measured by 2 experienced observers in 4 volumes of interest (VOI) distributed in the upper (n = 2) and lower (n = 2) poles. The first observer repeated SUV assessment in the uppermost VOI, blinded to the initial results. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were calculated. An ICC of 0.96 with 95%CI of [0.94; 0.97] was calculated for the intra-observer measurements. The ICC for inter-observer reproducibility for each VOI was 0.87 [0.81–0.91], 0.87 [0.81–0.91], 0.85 [0.78–0.89] and 0.83 [0.76–0.88] for the upper to the lower renal poles, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the quantification of kidney allograft 18F-FDG uptake are both consistent, which makes it transferrable to the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Jadoul
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and oncological imaging, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lovinfosse
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and oncological imaging, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Antoine Bouquegneau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Laurent Weekers
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Hans Pottel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and oncological imaging, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium. .,Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Géno-protéomique Appliquée, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Lymphocyte-endothelium Adhesion Cascade in Acute Cellular Rejection of Cardiac Allografts. Transplantation 2019; 103:1603-1611. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Hanssen O, Lovinfosse P, Weekers L, Hustinx R, Jouret F. [ 18F-FDG positron emission tomography in non-oncological renal pathology: Current indications and perspectives]. Nephrol Ther 2019; 15:430-438. [PMID: 30982747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a nuclear imaging technique which provides anatomical and functional information. PET/CT is increasingly used in non-oncological nephrology since conventional radiological approaches after injection of contrast agents are relatively contra-indicated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PET/CT after i.v. injection of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) is not toxic and is characterized by a high sensitivity. The level of irradiation (∼5mSv) is acceptable. CKD does not significantly influence tissue uptake of 18F-FDG. The purpose of the present review aims at detailing the non-oncological indications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in general nephrology and after kidney transplantation. Particularly, 18F-FDG PET/CT appears useful in the diagnosis of cyst infection in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, as well as in the characterization of retroperitoneal fibrosis. In kidney transplant recipients, 18F-FDG PET/CT may help in the diagnostic work-up of suspected acute rejection, thereby eventually avoiding unnecessary kidney transplant biopsy. Perspectives in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging are discussed, including innovative approaches of image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Hanssen
- Service de néphrologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Pierre Lovinfosse
- Service de médecine nucléaire et imagerie oncologique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Laurent Weekers
- Service de médecine nucléaire et imagerie oncologique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Service de médecine nucléaire et imagerie oncologique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - François Jouret
- Service de néphrologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique; Groupe interdisciplinaire de géno-protéomique appliquée (GIGA), sciences cardiovasculaires, université de Liège, Liège, Belgique.
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Watson AM, Bhutiani N, Philips P, Davis EG, Eng M, Cannon RM, Jones CM. The role of FDG-PET in detecting rejection after liver transplantation. Surgery 2018; 164:257-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Renal scintigraphy for post-transplant monitoring after kidney transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2018; 32:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
KEY POINTS • The number of publications on imaging and kidney transplantation is low. • These publications are poorly cited, as compared with other fields of imaging. • Conversely, there is a clinical need for evidence-based recommendations. • Innovative advances for the use of imaging and kidney transplantation are essential. • An increased focus and adequate research funding are highly anticipated by clinicians.
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Utility of PET/CT with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled autologous leukocytes for diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis in patients with Charcot's neuroarthropathy. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 37:1253-1259. [PMID: 27749777 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is difficult to diagnose in the presence of Charcot's neuroarthropathy (CN) and bone biopsy is not always possible. We aimed to assess the efficacy of PET/computed tomography using F-fluoride (F-fluoride PET/CT) and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled autologous leukocytes (F-FDG-LL PET/CT) in comparison with contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI) for the detection of DFO. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with chronic CN and foot ulcer suspected of having DFO were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent radiography, CEMRI, F-fluoride PET/CT, and F-FDG-LL PET/CT of the feet. Bone biopsy and microbiological culture from the suspected site of osteomyelitis was considered the gold standard. RESULTS Twenty-three patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Bone culture was suggestive of DFO in 12 patients. CEMRI identified 10 of the 12 cases of osteomyelitis. F-fluoride PET/CT and F-FDG-LL PET/CT showed increased tracer uptake (SUVmax=22.7±18.1 and 8.4±4.7, respectively) at the clinically involved site in 10 of the 12 patients (TP). Among 11 biopsy-negative patients, CEMRI reported DFO in four (false positive); there were no false positives with F-FDG-LL PET/CT. The sensitivity and specificity of F-FDG-LL PET/CT was 83.3 and 100% compared with 83.3 and 63.6% for CEMRI, respectively, for the diagnosis of DFO in the background of CN. CONCLUSION F-FDG-LL PET/CT has high specificity for the diagnosis of DFO in complicated diabetic foot. The F-fluoride PET/CT helps in the characterization the extent of underlying CN. An early and accurate diagnosis with F-FDG-LL PET/CT aids the rational initiation of antibiotics for DFO.
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Hanssen O, Erpicum P, Lovinfosse P, Meunier P, Weekers L, Tshibanda L, Krzesinski JM, Hustinx R, Jouret F. Non-invasive approaches in the diagnosis of acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Part I. In vivo imaging methods. Clin Kidney J 2016. [PMID: 28643821 PMCID: PMC5469561 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation (KTx) represents the best available treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Still, full benefits of KTx are undermined by acute rejection (AR). The diagnosis of AR ultimately relies on transplant needle biopsy. However, such an invasive procedure is associated with a significant risk of complications and is limited by sampling error and interobserver variability. In the present review, we summarize the current literature about non-invasive approaches for the diagnosis of AR in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), including in vivo imaging, gene expression profiling and omics analyses of blood and urine samples. Most imaging techniques, like contrast-enhanced ultrasound and magnetic resonance, exploit the fact that blood flow is significantly lowered in case of AR-induced inflammation. In addition, AR-associated recruitment of activated leukocytes may be detectable by 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography. In parallel, urine biomarkers, including CXCL9/CXCL10 or a three-gene signature of CD3ε, IP-10 and 18S RNA levels, have been identified. None of these approaches has been adopted yet in the clinical follow-up of KTRs, but standardization of procedures may help assess reproducibility and compare diagnostic yields in large prospective multicentric trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Hanssen
- Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 13, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Erpicum
- Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 13, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.,GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lovinfosse
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Meunier
- Division of Radiology, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Weekers
- Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 13, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Luaba Tshibanda
- Division of Radiology, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Krzesinski
- Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 13, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.,GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Academic Hospital (ULg CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 13, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.,GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Sun H, Cheng D, Ma Y, Liu H, Yang N, Zhang C, Wang K, Hou G, Wang H. Anti‑migratory effect of rapamycin impairs allograft imaging by 18F‑fluorodeoxyglucose‑labeled splenocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2194-8. [PMID: 27432554 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking lymphocyte migration is an emerging strategy for non‑invasive nuclear imaging of allografts; however, its clinical application remains to be fully demonstrated. In the present study, the feasibility of using rapamycin‑treated 18F‑fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‑FDG)‑labeled splenocytes for the in vivo imaging of allografts was evaluated. C57BL/6 skin was heterotopically transplanted onto non‑obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient recipient mice. BALB/c 18F‑FDG‑labeled splenocytes with or without rapamycin pretreatment (designated as FR and FC cells, respectively) were transferred into recipient mice 30 days later. Imaging of radiolabeled cells in the skin grafts was conducted through in vivo dynamic whole‑body phosphor‑autoradiography and histological analysis. Notably, rapamycin impaired the migration of 18F‑FDG‑labeled splenocytes to the graft. At all time points, the radioactivity of allografts (digital light units/mm2) was significantly lower in the group that received FR cells, compared with the group that received FC cells (P<0.01). Furthermore, the peak allograft to native skin ratio was 1.29±0.02 at 60 min for the FR group and 3.29±0.17 at 30 min for the FC group (P<0.001). In addition, the in vivo radioactivity of the allografts was observed to be correlated with the transferred cells, which were observed histologically (r2=0.887; P<0.0001). Although 18F‑FDG‑labeled splenocytes migrated to the allograft, imaging of these cells may not be possible in the presence of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hukui Sun
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Dayan Cheng
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huaiquan Wang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
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Grabner A, Kentrup D, Pawelski H, Mühlmeister M, Biermann C, Edemir B, Heitplatz B, Van Marck V, Bettinger T, Pavenstädt H, Schlatter E, Stypmann J, Tiemann K, Reuter S. Renal Contrast-Enhanced Sonography Findings in a Model of Acute Cellular Allograft Rejection. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1612-9. [PMID: 26613381 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive methods to diagnose and differentiate acute cellular rejection from acute tubular necrosis or acute calcineurin inhibitor toxicity are still missing. Because T lymphocytes play a decisive role in early states of rejection, we investigated the suitability and feasibility of antibody-mediated contrast-enhanced ultrasound by using microbubbles targeted to CD3(+) , CD4(+) , or CD8(+) T cells in different models of renal disease. In an established rat renal transplantation model, CD3-mediated ultrasound allows the detection of acute rejection as early as on postoperative day 2. Ultrasound signal intensities increased with the severity of inflammation. Further, an early response to therapy could be monitored by using contrast-enhanced sonography. Notably, acute tubular necrosis occurring after ischemia-reperfusion injury as well as acute calcineurin inhibitor toxicity could easily be differentiated. Finally, the quantified ultrasound signal correlated significantly with the number of infiltrating T cells obtained by histology and with CD3 mRNA levels, as well as with chemokine CXCL9, CXCL11, and CCL19 mRNA but not with KIM-1 mRNA expression, thereby representing the severity of graft inflammation but not the degree of kidney injury. In summary, we demonstrate that antibody-mediated contrast-enhanced ultrasound targeting T lymphocytes could be a promising tool for an easy and reproducible assessment of acute rejection after renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grabner
- Department of Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - D Kentrup
- Department of Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H Pawelski
- Department of Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Mühlmeister
- Department of Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Biermann
- Department of Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - B Edemir
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - B Heitplatz
- Department of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - V Van Marck
- Department of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - H Pavenstädt
- Department of Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - E Schlatter
- Department of Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - J Stypmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - K Tiemann
- Department of Cardiology, Otypka Heart Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Reuter
- Department of Medicine D, Experimental Nephrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Thölking G, Schuette-Nuetgen K, Kentrup D, Pawelski H, Reuter S. Imaging-based diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection. World J Transplant 2016; 6:174-182. [PMID: 27011915 PMCID: PMC4801793 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best available treatment for patients with end stage renal disease. Despite the introduction of effective immunosuppressant drugs, episodes of acute allograft rejection still endanger graft survival. Since efficient treatment of acute rejection is available, rapid diagnosis of this reversible graft injury is essential. For diagnosis of rejection, invasive core needle biopsy of the graft is the “gold-standard”. However, biopsy carries the risk of significant graft injury and is not immediately feasible in patients taking anticoagulants. Therefore, a non-invasive tool assessing the whole organ for specific and fast detection of acute allograft rejection is desirable. We herein review current imaging-based state of the art approaches for non-invasive diagnostics of acute renal transplant rejection. We especially focus on new positron emission tomography-based as well as targeted ultrasound-based methods.
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Khor YM, Lam WWC, Wong WY, Whatt Goh AS. Role of nuclear medicine imaging in evaluation of complications following renal transplant. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/2010105815611813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of a failing renal allograft is a complex and challenging diagnostic problem. While ultrasonography with colour Doppler is usually the first approach for evaluation of graft dysfunction, radionuclide imaging is an excellent modality which provides complementary information regarding the perfusion and function of the allograft without any deleterious effect on the precious allograft. In this article, we review the imaging techniques of the nuclear medicine studies most commonly performed after renal transplant, discuss their roles and limitations in different clinical settings and illustrate with cases from our institution. Lastly, we will explore future development in the arena of nuclear imaging for renal transplant related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Ming Khor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Wai Yin Wong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Sun H, Yang G, Liang T, Zhang C, Song J, Han J, Hou G. Non-invasive imaging of allogeneic transplanted skin graft by 131I-anti-TLR5 mAb. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2437-44. [PMID: 25283154 PMCID: PMC4302649 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake can be used for the non-invasive detection and monitoring of allograft rejection by activated leucocytes, this non-specific accumulation is easily impaired by immunosuppressants. Our aim was to evaluate a 131I-radiolabelled anti-Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) mAb for non-invasive in vivo graft visualization and quantification in allogeneic transplantation mice model, compared with the non-specific radiotracer 18F-FDG under using of immunosuppressant. Labelling, binding, and stability studies were performed. BALB/c mice transplanted with C57BL/6 skin grafts, with or without rapamycin treatment (named as allo-treated group or allo-rejection group), were injected with 131I-anti-TLR5 mAb, 18F-FDG, or mouse isotype 131I-IgG, respectively. Whole-body phosphor-autoradiography and ex vivo biodistribution studies were obtained. Whole-body phosphor-autoradiography showed 131I-anti-TLR5 mAb uptake into organs that were well perfused with blood at 1 hr and showed clear graft images from 12 hrs onwards. The 131I-anti-TLR5 mAb had significantly higher graft uptake and target-to-non-target ratio in the allo-treated group, as determined by semi-quantification of phosphor-autoradiography images; these results were consistent with ex vivo biodistribution studies. However, high 18F-FDG uptake was not observed in the allo-treated group. The highest allograft-skin-to-native-skin ratio (A:N) of 131I-anti-TLR5 mAb uptake was significantly higher than the ratio for 18F-FDG (7.68 versus 1.16, respectively). 131I-anti-TLR5 mAb uptake in the grafts significantly correlated with TLR5 expression in the allograft area. The accumulation of 131I-IgG was comparable in both groups. We conclude that radiolabelled anti-TLR5 mAb is capable of detecting allograft with high target specificity after treatment with the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hukui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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SPECT- and PET-based approaches for noninvasive diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:874785. [PMID: 24804257 PMCID: PMC3988725 DOI: 10.1155/2014/874785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging techniques such as single
photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography are promising tools for noninvasive diagnosis of acute allograft rejection (AR). Given the importance of renal transplantation and the limitation of available donors, detailed analysis of factors that affect transplant survival is important. Episodes of acute allograft rejection are a negative prognostic factor for long-term graft survival. Invasive core needle biopsies are still the “goldstandard” in rejection diagnostics. Nevertheless, they are cumbersome to the patient and carry the risk of significant graft injury. Notably, they cannot be performed on patients taking anticoagulant drugs. Therefore, a noninvasive tool assessing the whole organ for specific and fast detection of acute allograft rejection is desirable. We herein review SPECT- and PET-based approaches for noninvasive molecular imaging-based diagnostics of acute transplant rejection.
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