1
|
Bernhard W, Barreto K, Toledo D, El-Sayed A, Jett KA, Casaco A, Fonge H, Geyer CR. Evaluation of nimotuzumab Fab 2 as an optical imaging agent in EGFR positive cancers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10990. [PMID: 37419997 PMCID: PMC10328982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular-targeted imaging probes can be used with a variety of imaging modalities to detect diseased tissues and guide their removal. EGFR is a useful biomarker for a variety of cancers, because it is expressed at high levels relative to normal tissues. Previously, we showed the anti-EGFR antibody nimotuzumab can be used as a positron emission tomography and fluorescent imaging probe for EGFR positive cancers in mice. These imaging probes are currently in clinical trials for PET imaging and image-guided surgery, respectively. One issue with using antibody probes for imaging is their long circulation time and slow tissue penetration, which requires patients to wait a few days after injection before imaging or surgery, multiple visits and longer radiation exposure. Here, we generated a Fab2 fragment of nimotuzumab, by pepsin digestion and labeled it with IRDye800CW to evaluate its optical imaging properties. The Fab2 had faster tumor accumulation and clearance in mice relative to the nimotuzumab IgG. The fluorescent signal peaked at 2 h post injection and remained high until 6 h post injection. The properties of the Fab2 allow a higher signal to background to be obtained in a shorter time frame, reducing the wait time for imaging after probe infusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bernhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kris Barreto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Ayman El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Jett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - C Ronald Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai JW, Qiu SQ, Zhang GJ. Molecular and functional imaging in cancer-targeted therapy: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:89. [PMID: 36849435 PMCID: PMC9971190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted anticancer drugs block cancer cell growth by interfering with specific signaling pathways vital to carcinogenesis and tumor growth rather than harming all rapidly dividing cells as in cytotoxic chemotherapy. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) system has been used to assess tumor response to therapy via changes in the size of target lesions as measured by calipers, conventional anatomically based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other imaging methods. However, RECIST is sometimes inaccurate in assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy drugs because of the poor correlation between tumor size and treatment-induced tumor necrosis or shrinkage. This approach might also result in delayed identification of response when the therapy does confer a reduction in tumor size. Innovative molecular imaging techniques have rapidly gained importance in the dawning era of targeted therapy as they can visualize, characterize, and quantify biological processes at the cellular, subcellular, or even molecular level rather than at the anatomical level. This review summarizes different targeted cell signaling pathways, various molecular imaging techniques, and developed probes. Moreover, the application of molecular imaging for evaluating treatment response and related clinical outcome is also systematically outlined. In the future, more attention should be paid to promoting the clinical translation of molecular imaging in evaluating the sensitivity to targeted therapy with biocompatible probes. In particular, multimodal imaging technologies incorporating advanced artificial intelligence should be developed to comprehensively and accurately assess cancer-targeted therapy, in addition to RECIST-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
| | - Si-Qi Qiu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, 515041, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liao Z, Tang Y, Liu W, Liu Y, Peng S, Lan T, Liao J, Yang Y, Liu N, Li F. 111In and 131I labeled nimotuzumabs for targeted radiotherapy of a murine model of glioma. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-023-08777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
4
|
Noninvasive Evaluation of EGFR Expression of Digestive Tumors Using 99mTc-MAG3-Cet-F(ab )2-Based SPECT/CT Imaging. Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:3748315. [PMID: 35903247 PMCID: PMC9281432 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3748315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. This study is aimed at investigating the feasibility of cetuximab (Cet) F(ab
)2 fragment- (Cet-F(ab
)2-) based single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for assessing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in digestive tumor mouse models. Methods. Cet-F(ab
)2 was synthesized using immunoglobulin G-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS) protease and purified with protein A beads. The product and its in vitro stability in normal saline and 1% bovine serum albumin were analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The EGFR expression in the human colon tumor cell line HT29 and the human stomach tumor cell line MGC803 were verified using western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Cet-F(ab
)2 was conjugated with 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester to demonstrate its binding ability to the MGC803 and HT29 cells. Cet-F(ab
)2 was conjugated with NHS-MAG3 for 99mTc radiolabeling. The best imaging time was determined using a biodistribution assay at 1, 4, 16, and 24 h after injection of the 99mTc-MAG3-Cet-F(ab
)2 tracer. Furthermore, 99mTc-MAG3-Cet-F(ab
)2 SPECT/CT was performed on MGC803 and HT29 tumor-bearing nude mice. Results. HT29 cells had low EGFR expression while MGC803 cell exhibited the high EGFR expression. Cet-F(ab
)2 and intact cetuximab showed similar high binding ability to MGC803 cells but not to HT29 cells. Cet-F(ab
)2 and 99mTc-MAG3-Cet-F(ab
)2 showed excellent in vitro stability. The biodistribution assay showed that the target to nontarget ratio was the highest at 16 h (
,
) after tracer injection. The 99mTc-MAG3-Cet-F(ab
)2-based SPECT/CT imaging revealed rapid and sustained tracer uptake in MGC803 tumors rather than in HT29 tumors with high image contrast, which was consistent with the results in vitro. Conclusion. SPECT/CT imaging using 99mTc-MAG3-Cet-F(ab
)2 enables the evaluation of the EGFR expression in murine EGFR-positive tumors, indicating the potential utility for noninvasive evaluation of the EGFR expression in tumors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Raana GE, Shah SQ. Synthesis of 111In-p-SCN-Bn-DTPA-nimotuzumab and its preclinical evaluation in EGFR positive NSCLC animal model. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate labeling of nimotuzumab (h-R3) with 111In using p-SCN-Bn-DTPA as bifunctional chelate, evaluate its targeting potential against SK-LU-1, H226, H650, H661, and HCC4006 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines and correlate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression level with internalization kinetics, biodistribution and imaging accuracy using Balb/c mice and New Zealand White rabbit (NZWR) animal model. The amount of p-SCN-Bn-DTPA attached to h-R3 was assessed by measuring relative absorbance at 652 nm with ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine percent radiochemical purity (%RCP) and in vitro stability using excess amount of diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA). The in vitro stability in rat serum was estimated using iTLC-SG. EGFR expression level in each tumor was assessed by chemiluminescence. In vivo uptake in different organs of Balb/c mice and non-invasive imaging potential using NZWR bearing HCC4006 tumor, was evaluated with gamma camera. UV spectroscopy has confirmed the attachment of five p-SCN-Bn-DTPA (chelate) with one antibody. The HPLC indicated 98.85 ± 0.14% (n = 3) %RCP with high yield (>96%), specific activity 3.5 ± 0.0.25 mCi per mg and 94.25 ± 0.34% in vitro stability at 37 °C in mice serum. In excess DTPA no considerable transchelation was experiential from the 111In labeled p-SCN-Bn-DTPA-h-R3 to the challenger. The EGFR expression in HCC4006 was higher amongst all with band density of 23.53 relative to 1.00 of H226. Initially internalization was lower which went up 1.05 × 104 molecules per HCC4006 cell in 48 h. The optimal concentration of h-R3 for maximum uptake was 15 μg per animal. Higher uptake in target organ was observed in animal infected with HCC4006 cells. However, in excess pure h-R3 the uptake was significantly reduced indicating tumor specificity. HCC4006 target site was undistinguishable relative to background activity in the initial phase of imaging due to poor uptake. However, within 60 h the HCC4006 tumor was quite apparent. This experiment suggests that at optimal dosage of 111In labeled h-R3 can be used for localization and identification of EGFR positive NSCLC using gamma camera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gul-e Raana
- Biochemistry & Nuclear Medicine Research Laboratory , Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , 25120 K.P.K , Pakistan
| | - Syed Qaiser Shah
- Biochemistry & Nuclear Medicine Research Laboratory , Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , 25120 K.P.K , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
HER3 PET Imaging: 68Ga-Labeled Affibody Molecules Provide Superior HER3 Contrast to 89Zr-Labeled Antibody and Antibody-Fragment-Based Tracers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194791. [PMID: 34638277 PMCID: PMC8508546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary HER3 is a known driver for oncogenesis and therapy resistance in solid cancers. PET imaging could be a useful tool to non-invasively detect and monitor HER3 expression and aid in the selection of patients for HER3-targeted therapy. PET tracers based on therapeutic antibodies have thus far shown limited success in reliably imaging HER3-expressing tumors in clinical trials. Smaller-sized tracers specifically designed for imaging might be needed for higher contrast imaging and sufficient sensitivity. Our group has previously studied the use of radiolabeled affibody molecules for imaging of HER3 expression. In the present study, we compared four different types of potential PET tracers for imaging of HER3 expression in a preclinical model. We demonstrated that the affibody-based tracer, [68Ga]Ga-ZHER3, could provide overall superior imaging contrast to antibody- and antibody-fragment-based tracers shortly after injection. Our results indicate that HER3-targeting affibody molecules are promising agents for PET imaging of HER3 expression. Abstract HER3 (human epidermal growth factor receptor type 3) is a challenging target for diagnostic radionuclide molecular imaging due to the relatively modest overexpression in tumors and substantial expression in healthy organs. In this study, we compared four HER3-targeting PET tracers based on different types of targeting molecules in a preclinical model: the 89Zr-labeled therapeutic antibody seribantumab, a seribantumab-derived F(ab)2-fragment labeled with 89Zr and 68Ga, and the 68Ga-labeled affibody molecule [68Ga]Ga-ZHER3. The novel conjugates were radiolabeled and characterized in vitro using HER3-expressing BxPC-3 and DU145 human cancer cells. Biodistribution was studied using Balb/c nu/nu mice bearing BxPC-3 xenografts. HER3-negative RAMOS xenografts were used to demonstrate binding specificity in vivo. Autoradiography was conducted on the excised tumors. nanoPET/CT imaging was performed. New conjugates specifically bound to HER3 in vitro and in vivo. [68Ga]Ga-DFO-seribantumab-F(ab’)2 was considered unsuitable for imaging due to the low stability and high uptake in normal organs. The highest tumor-to-non-tumor contrast with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-seribantumab and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-seribantumab-F(ab’)2 was achieved at 96 h and 48 h pi, respectively. Despite lower tumor uptake, [68Ga]Ga-ZHER3 provided the best imaging contrast due to the fastest clearance from blood and normal organs. The results of our study suggest that affibody-based tracers are more suitable for PET imaging of HER3 expression than antibody- and antibody-fragment-based tracers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Targeted molecular imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a window into precision medicine. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1325-1336. [PMID: 32404691 PMCID: PMC7289307 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers play important roles in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Imaging of specific biomarkers will help to understand different biological activities, thereby achieving precise medicine for each head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient. Here, we describe various molecular targets and molecular imaging modalities for HNSCC imaging. An extensive search was undertaken in the PubMed database with the keywords including “HNSCC,” “molecular imaging,” “biomarker,” and “multimodal imaging.” Imaging targets in HNSCC consist of the epidermal growth factor receptor, cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD44v6), and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor and integrins. Targeted molecular imaging modalities in HNSCC include optical imaging, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. Making the most of each single imaging method, targeted multimodal imaging has a great potential in the accurate diagnosis and therapy of HNSCC. By visualizing tumor biomarkers at cellular and molecular levels in vivo, targeted molecular imaging can be used to identify specific genetic and metabolic aberrations, thereby accelerating personalized treatment development for HNSCC patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rinne SS, Orlova A, Tolmachev V. PET and SPECT Imaging of the EGFR Family (RTK Class I) in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073663. [PMID: 33915894 PMCID: PMC8036874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR-family, other designations: HER family, RTK Class I) is strongly linked to oncogenic transformation. Its members are frequently overexpressed in cancer and have become attractive targets for cancer therapy. To ensure effective patient care, potential responders to HER-targeted therapy need to be identified. Radionuclide molecular imaging can be a key asset for the detection of overexpression of EGFR-family members. It meets the need for repeatable whole-body assessment of the molecular disease profile, solving problems of heterogeneity and expression alterations over time. Tracer development is a multifactorial process. The optimal tracer design depends on the application and the particular challenges of the molecular target (target expression in tumors, endogenous expression in healthy tissue, accessibility). We have herein summarized the recent preclinical and clinical data on agents for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) imaging of EGFR-family receptors in oncology. Antibody-based tracers are still extensively investigated. However, their dominance starts to be challenged by a number of tracers based on different classes of targeting proteins. Among these, engineered scaffold proteins (ESP) and single domain antibodies (sdAb) show highly encouraging results in clinical studies marking a noticeable trend towards the use of smaller sized agents for HER imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-704-250-782
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pal R, Kang H, Choi HS, Kumar ATN. Fluorescence Lifetime-Based Tumor Contrast Enhancement Using an EGFR Antibody-Labeled Near-Infrared Fluorophore. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6653-6661. [PMID: 31481509 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Imaging techniques for highly specific detection of cancer cells in vivo can have applications ranging from preclinical drug discovery studies to clinical cancer diagnosis and surgical therapy. Although fluorescence imaging using cancer-targeted antibodies has shown promise, nonspecific probe accumulation in tissue results in significant background fluorescence, reducing detection sensitivity using traditional intensity-based continuous-wave (CW) fluorescence imaging. Here we demonstrate that fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging can provide significant tumor contrast enhancement over CW intensity in preclinical models of human breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors were injected with anti-EGFR antibody conjugated to the fluorescent dye IRDye 800CW (anti-EGFR-800). Time domain fluorescence imaging was performed in vivo and in situ up to 48 hours after dye injection. RESULTS Mice injected with anti-EGFR-800 showed a significantly longer FLT (0.7 ± 0.03 ns) compared with the FLT of nonspecific probe uptake in liver (0.63 ± 0.05 ns), providing a dramatic improvement in sensitivity and specificity compared with CW intensity. IgG antibody-conjugated IRDye 800CW did not show an increased FLT compared with normal tissue, suggesting that the FLT increase of anti-EGFR-800 in tumors was associated with receptor expression. Using serial surgery, we show that FLT allows the detection of smaller residual tumors in the surgical bed than possible using CW intensity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FLT can significantly enhance tumor contrast using fluorescently labeled antibodies, thereby accelerating the efficient clinical application of these probes for margin assessment in image-guided surgery and for highly specific detection of tumor receptors in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anand T N Kumar
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen W, Shen B, Sun X. Analysis of Progress and Challenges of EGFR-Targeted Molecular Imaging in Cancer With a Focus on Affibody Molecules. Mol Imaging 2019; 18:1536012118823473. [PMID: 30799684 PMCID: PMC6348515 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118823473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted cancer therapy requires an accurate estimation of EGFR expression in tumors to identify responsive patients, monitor therapeutic effect, and estimate prognosis. The EGFR molecular imaging is an optimal method for evaluating EGFR expression in vivo accurately and noninvasively. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in EGFR-targeted molecular imaging in cancer, with a special focus on the development of imaging agents, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand, monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, Affibody, and small molecules. Each substrate or probe, whether it is an endogenous ligand, antibody, peptide, or small molecule labeled with fluorochrome or radionuclide, has unique advantages and limitations. Antibody-based probes have high affinity but a long metabolic cycle and therefore offer poor imaging quality. Affibody molecules promise to surpass antibody-based probes due to their small size, stable chemical properties, and high affinity to the target. Small-molecule probes are safe, have favorable pharmacokinetics, and show high affinity and specificity, in addition to having an ideal size, but are inadequate for delayed imaging after injection due to their fast clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Chen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baozhong Shen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ku A, Chan C, Aghevlian S, Cai Z, Cescon D, Bratman SV, Ailles L, Hedley DW, Reilly RM. MicroSPECT/CT Imaging of Cell-Line and Patient-Derived EGFR-Positive Tumor Xenografts in Mice with Panitumumab Fab Modified with Hexahistidine Peptides To Enable Labeling with 99mTc(I) Tricarbonyl Complex. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3559-3568. [PMID: 31242384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the feasibility of conjugating synthetic hexahistidine peptides (His6) peptides to panitumumab Fab (PmFab) to enable labeling with [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ complex and study these radioimmunoconjugates for imaging EGFR-overexpressing tumor xenografts in mice by microSPECT/CT. Fab were reacted with a 10-fold excess of sulfo-SMCC to introduce maleimide functional groups for reaction with the terminal thiol on peptides [CGYGGHHHHHH] that harbored the His6 motif. Modification of Fab with His6 peptides was assessed by SDS-PAGE/Western blot, and the number of His6 peptides introduced was quantified by a radiometric assay incorporating 123I-labeled peptides into the conjugation reaction. Radiolabeling was achieved by incubation of PmFab-His6 in PBS, pH 7.0, with [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ in a 1.4 MBq/μg ratio. The complex was prepared by adding [99mTcO4]- to an Isolink kit (Paul Scherrer Institute). Immunoreactivity was assessed in a direct (saturation) binding assay using MDA-MB-468 human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Tumor and normal tissue uptake and imaging properties of 99mTc-PmFab-His6 (70 μg; 35-40 MBq) injected i.v. (tail vein) were compared to irrelevant 99mTc-Fab 3913 in NOD/SCID mice engrafted subcutaneously (s.c.) with EGFR-overexpressing MDA-MB-468 or PANC-1 human pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDCa) cell-line derived xenografts (CLX) at 4 and 24 h post injection (p.i.). In addition, tumor imaging studies were performed with 99mTc-PmFab-His6 in mice with patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) of TNBC, PDCa, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Biodistribution studies in nontumor bearing Balb/c mice were performed to project the radiation absorbed doses for imaging studies in humans with 99mTc-PmFab-His6. PmFab was derivatized with 0.80 ± 0.03 His6 peptides. Western blot and SDS-PAGE confirmed the presence of His6 peptides. 99mTc-PmFab-His6 was labeled to high radiochemical purity (≥95%), and the Kd for binding to EGFR on MDA-MB-468 cells was 5.5 ± 0.4 × 10-8 mol/L. Tumor uptake of 99mTc-PmFab-His6 at 24 h p.i. was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than irrelevant 99mTc-Fab 3913 in mice with MDA-MB-468 tumors (14.9 ± 3.1%ID/g vs 3.0 ± 0.9%ID/g) and in mice with PANC-1 tumors (5.6 ± 0.6 vs 0.5 ± 0.1%ID/g). In mice implanted orthotopically in the pancreas with the same PDCa PDX, tumor uptake at 24 h p.i. was 4.2 ± 0.2%ID/g. Locoregional metastases of these PDCa tumors in the peritoneum exhibited slightly and significantly lower uptake than the primary tumors (3.1 ± 0.3 vs 4.2 ± 0.3%ID/g; P = 0.02). In mice implanted with different TNBC or HNSCC PDX, tumor uptake at 24 h p.i. was variable and ranged from 3.7 to 11.4%ID/g and 3.8-14.5%ID/g, respectively. MicroSPECT/CT visualized all CLX and PDX tumor xenografts at 4 and 24 h p.i. Dosimetry estimates revealed that in humans, the whole body dose from administration of 740-1110 MBq of 99mTc-PmFab-His6 would be 2-3 mSv, which is less than for a 99mTc-medronate bone scan (4 mSv).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto , ON M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Conrad Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto , ON M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Sadaf Aghevlian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto , ON M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto , ON M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto , ON M5S 3M2 , Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging , University of Toronto , 263 McCaul Street , Toronto , ON M5T 1W7 , Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute and Joint Department of Medical Imaging , University Health Network , 200 Elizabeth Street , Toronto , ON M5G 2C4 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pola R, Parnica J, Zuska K, Böhmová E, Filipová M, Pechar M, Pankrác J, Mucksová J, Kalina J, Trefil P, Šefc L, Větvička D, Poučková P, Bouček J, Janoušková O, Etrych T. Oligopeptide-targeted polymer nanoprobes for fluorescence-guided endoscopic surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ab159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
13
|
Benedetto R, Massicano AVF, Crenshaw BK, Oliveira R, Reis RM, Araújo EB, Lapi SE. 89Zr-DFO-Cetuximab as a Molecular Imaging Agent to Identify Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:288-296. [PMID: 30865493 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the improvement in clinical outcomes for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as the result of cetuximab, patients may present with or develop resistance that increases tumor recurrence rates and limits clinical efficacy. Therefore, identifying those patients who are or become resistant is essential to tailor the best therapeutic approach. Materials and Methods: Cetuximab was conjugated to p-NCS-Bz-DFO and labeled with 89Zr. The resistance model was developed by treating FaDu cells with cetuximab. Western blotting (WB) and specific binding assays were performed to evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab uptake in FaDu cetuximab-resistant (FCR) and FaDu cetuximab-sensitive (FCS) cells. Positron emission tomography imaging and biodistribution were conducted in NU/NU nude mice implanted with FCR or FCS cells. Results: Cetuximab was successfully radiolabeled with 89Zr (≥95%). Binding assays performed in FCR and FCS cells showed significantly lower 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab uptake in FCR (p < 0.0001). WB suggests that the resistance mechanism is associated with EGFR downregulation (p = 0.038). This result is in agreement with the low uptake of 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab in FCR cells. Tumor uptake of 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab in FCR was significantly lower than FCS tumors (p = 0.0340). Conclusions: In this work, the authors showed that 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab is suitable for identification of EGFR downregulation in vitro and in vivo. This radiopharmaceutical may be useful for monitoring resistance in HNSCC patients during cetuximab therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Benedetto
- 1 Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana V F Massicano
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryant K Crenshaw
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Renato Oliveira
- 3 Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- 3 Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine B Araújo
- 1 Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- 2 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Burley TA, Da Pieve C, Martins CD, Ciobota DM, Allott L, Oyen WJG, Harrington KJ, Smith G, Kramer-Marek G. Affibody-Based PET Imaging to Guide EGFR-Targeted Cancer Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Models. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:353-361. [PMID: 30213849 PMCID: PMC6424230 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.216069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In head and neck squamous cell cancer, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) is the dominant signaling molecule among all members of the family. So far, cetuximab is the only approved anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell cancer, but despite the benefits of adding it to standard treatment regimens, attempts to define a predictive biomarker to stratify patients for cetuximab treatment have been unsuccessful. We hypothesized that imaging with EGFR-specific radioligands may facilitate noninvasive measurement of EGFR expression across the entire tumor burden and allow for dynamic monitoring of cetuximab-mediated changes in receptor expression. Methods: EGFR-specific Affibody molecule (ZEGFR:03115) was radiolabeled with 89Zr and 18F. The radioligands were characterized in vitro and in mice bearing subcutaneous tumors with varying levels of EGFR expression. The protein dose for imaging studies was assessed by injecting 89Zr-deferoxamine-ZEGFR:03115 (2.4-3.6 MBq, 2 μg) either together with or 30 min after increasing amounts of unlabeled ZEGFR:03115 (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μg). PET images were acquired at 3, 24, and 48 h after injection, and the image quantification data were correlated with the biodistribution results. The EGFR expression and biodistribution of the tracer were assessed ex vivo by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and autoradiography. To downregulate the EGFR level, treatment with cetuximab was performed, and 18F-aluminium fluoride-NOTA-ZEGFR:03115 (12 μg, 1.5-2 MBq/mouse) was used to monitor receptor changes. Results: In vivo studies demonstrated that coinjecting 10 μg of nonlabeled molecules with 89Zr-deferoxamine-ZEGFR:03115 allows for clear tumor visualization 3 h after injection. The radioconjugate tumor accumulation was EGFR-specific, and PET imaging data showed a clear differentiation between xenografts with varying EGFR expression levels. A strong correlation was observed between PET analysis, ex vivo estimates of tracer concentration, and receptor expression in tumor tissues. Additionally, 18F-aluminium fluoride-NOTA-ZEGFR:03115 could measure receptor downregulation in response to EGFR inhibition. Conclusion: ZEGFR:03115-based radioconjugates can assess different levels of EGFR level in vivo and measure receptor expression changes in response to cetuximab, indicating a potential for assessment of adequate treatment dosing with anti-EGFR antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Burley
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Chiara Da Pieve
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Carlos D Martins
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniela M Ciobota
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Louis Allott
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Graham Smith
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang YJ, Ho CL, Cheng KH, Kuo WI, Lee WC, Lan KL, Chang CH. Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and radioimmunotherapy of 188Re-cetuximab in NCI-H292 human lung tumor-bearing nude mice. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:961-972. [PMID: 30612308 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-00718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cetuximab is a fully humanized IgG1 subclass monoclonal that binds specifically to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although EGFR is expressed in normal cells, the overexpression of EGFR is detected in many human cancers, such as colon, rectum and lung tumors. In this study, cetuximab with a combination of radiotherapy nuclear 188Re achieved better therapeutic effect on lung cancer. Methods188Re-cetuximab administered by the i.v. route in human NCI-H292 lung tumor-bearing mice was investigated. NanoSPECT/CT images were taken to evaluate the distribution and tumor targeting of 188Re-cetuximab in mice. The anti-tumor effect of 188Re-cetuximab was assessed by the tumor growth inhibition, survival ratio. Results For nanoSPECT/CT imaging, a significant uptake in tumor was observed at 24 and 48 h following the injection of 188Re-cetuximab. The anti-tumor effect of 188Re-cetuximab was assessed by tumor growth inhibition and the survival ratio. The tumor-bearing mice treated with 188Re-cetuximab showed a better mean tumor growth inhibition rate (MGI = 0.049) and longer median survival time and lifespan (62.50 d; 70.07%) than those treated with 188Re-perrhenate and cetuximab only by single injection. A synergistic effect of tumor growth inhibition was observed with the combination index exceeding one for 188Re-cetuximab (CI = 6.135 and 9.276). Conclusion The tumor targeting and localization of 188Re-cetuximab were confirmed in this study. Synergistic therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated for the radioimmunotherapy of 188Re-cetuximab. The results of this study reveal the potential advantage and benefit obtained from 188Re-cetuximab for diagnosis and therapy of oncology applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, 1000 Wenhua Rd, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Li Ho
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, 1000 Wenhua Rd, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, 1000 Wenhua Rd, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-I Kuo
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, 1000 Wenhua Rd, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chi Lee
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, 1000 Wenhua Rd, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Li Lan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, 1000 Wenhua Rd, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marcu LG, Reid P, Bezak E. The Promise of Novel Biomarkers for Head and Neck Cancer from an Imaging Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2511. [PMID: 30149561 PMCID: PMC6165113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is an agreed fact that overall survival among head and neck cancer patients has increased over the last decade. Several factors however, are still held responsible for treatment failure requiring more in-depth evaluation. Among these, hypoxia and proliferation-specific parameters are the main culprits, along with the more recently researched cancer stem cells. This paper aims to present the latest developments in the field of biomarkers for hypoxia, stemness and tumour proliferation, from an imaging perspective that includes both Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quantitative imaging of biomarkers is a prerequisite for accurate treatment response assessment, bringing us closer to the highly needed personalised therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana G Marcu
- Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Paul Reid
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bellaye PS, Moreau M, Raguin O, Oudot A, Bernhard C, Vrigneaud JM, Dumont L, Vandroux D, Denat F, Cochet A, Brunotte F, Collin B. Radiolabeled F(ab') 2-cetuximab for theranostic purposes in colorectal and skin tumor-bearing mice models. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1557-1570. [PMID: 29777377 PMCID: PMC6223717 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate theranostic strategies in colorectal and skin cancer based on fragments of cetuximab, an anti-EGFR mAb, labeled with radionuclide with imaging and therapeutic properties, 111In and 177Lu, respectively. METHODS We designed F(ab')2-fragments of cetuximab radiolabeled with 111In and 177Lu. 111In-F(ab')2-cetuximab tumor targeting and biodistribution were evaluated by SPECT in BalbC nude mice bearing primary colorectal tumors. The efficacy of 111In-F(ab')2-cetuximab to assess therapy efficacy was performed on BalbC nude mice bearing colorectal tumors receiving 17-DMAG, an HSP90 inhibitor. Therapeutic efficacy of the radioimmunotherapy based on 177Lu-F(ab')2-cetuximab was evaluated in SWISS nude mice bearing A431 tumors. RESULTS Radiolabeling procedure did not change F(ab')2-cetuximab and cetuximab immunoreactivity nor affinity for HER1 in vitro. 111In-DOTAGA-F(ab')2-cetuximab exhibited a peak tumor uptake at 24 h post-injection and showed a high tumor specificity determined by a significant decrease in tumor uptake after the addition of an excess of unlabeled-DOTAGA-F(ab')2-cetuximab. SPECT imaging of 111In-DOTAGA-F(ab')2-cetuximab allowed an accurate evaluation of tumor growth and successfully predicted the decrease in tumor growth induced by 17-DMAG. Finally, 177Lu-DOTAGA-F(ab')2-cetuximab radioimmunotherapy showed a significant reduction of tumor growth at 4 and 8 MBq doses. CONCLUSIONS 111In-DOTAGA-F(ab')2-cetuximab is a reliable and stable tool for specific in vivo tumor targeting and is suitable for therapy efficacy assessment. 177Lu-DOTAGA-F(ab')2-cetuximab is an interesting theranostic tool allowing therapy and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P-S Bellaye
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 1 rue du professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - M Moreau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - O Raguin
- Oncodesign, 21076, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - A Oudot
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 1 rue du professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - C Bernhard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - J-M Vrigneaud
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 1 rue du professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - L Dumont
- NVH Medicinal, 64 rue Sully, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - D Vandroux
- NVH Medicinal, 64 rue Sully, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - F Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - A Cochet
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 1 rue du professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - F Brunotte
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 1 rue du professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - B Collin
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, 1 rue du professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France.,Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptors for patient selection and response monitoring – From PET imaging and beyond. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:139-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
19
|
Huizing FJ, Hoeben BAW, Franssen G, Lok J, Heskamp S, Oosterwijk E, Boerman OC, Bussink J. Preclinical validation of 111In-girentuximab-F(ab') 2 as a tracer to image hypoxia related marker CAIX expression in head and neck cancer xenografts. Radiother Oncol 2017; 124:521-525. [PMID: 28789809 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypoxia is a major cause of radio- and chemoresistance. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is an endogenous hypoxia-related marker and an important prognostic marker. Assessment of CAIX expression may allow patient selection for hypoxia or CAIX-targeted treatment. The radioactive tracer 111In-girentuximab-F(ab')2 targets CAIX and can be used for SPECT imaging. Aim of this study was to validate and optimize 111In-girentuximab-F(ab')2 for imaging of CAIX expression in head and neck tumor xenografts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Affinity and internalization kinetics of 111In-girentuximab-F(ab')2 were determined in vitro using CAIX-expressing SK-RC-52 cells. Tumor targeting characteristics were determined in athymic mice with six different head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCNij) xenografts. Tracer uptake was measured by ex vivo radioactivity counting. Intratumoral distribution of tracer uptake was measured using autoradiography and CAIX expression was determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS 26% of the tracer was internalized into the SK-RC-52 cells within 24h. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.69±0.08nM. In biodistribution studies SCCNij153 tumors showed the highest tracer uptake: 4.1±0.8ID/g at 24h p.i. Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic analyses of the xenografts showed a distinct spatial correlation between localization of the tracer and CAIX expression. CONCLUSION 111In-girentuximab-F(ab')2 has a high affinity for CAIX. In vivo tumor uptake correlated strongly with CAIX expression in different head and neck xenografts. These results suggest that 111In-girentuximab-F(ab')2 is a promising tracer for imaging of hypoxia-related CAIX expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fokko J Huizing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bianca A W Hoeben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Lok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pool M, de Boer HR, Hooge MNLD, van Vugt MA, de Vries EG. Harnessing Integrative Omics to Facilitate Molecular Imaging of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family for Precision Medicine. Theranostics 2017; 7:2111-2133. [PMID: 28638489 PMCID: PMC5479290 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a growing problem worldwide. The cause of death in cancer patients is often due to treatment-resistant metastatic disease. Many molecularly targeted anticancer drugs have been developed against 'oncogenic driver' pathways. However, these treatments are usually only effective in properly selected patients. Resistance to molecularly targeted drugs through selective pressure on acquired mutations or molecular rewiring can hinder their effectiveness. This review summarizes how molecular imaging techniques can potentially facilitate the optimal implementation of targeted agents. Using the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family as a model in (pre)clinical studies, we illustrate how molecular imaging may be employed to characterize whole body target expression as well as monitor drug effectiveness and the emergence of tumor resistance. We further discuss how an integrative omics discovery platform could guide the selection of 'effect sensors' - new molecular imaging targets - which are dynamic markers that indicate treatment effectiveness or resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pool
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Rudolf de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A.T.M. van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lam K, Chan C, Reilly RM. Development and preclinical studies of 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab F(ab') 2 for imaging changes in tumor HER2 expression associated with response to trastuzumab by PET/CT. MAbs 2016; 9:154-164. [PMID: 27813707 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1255389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that microSPECT/CT imaging with 111In-labeled pertuzumab detected decreased HER2 expression in human breast cancer (BC) xenografts in athymic mice associated with response to treatment with trastuzumab (Herceptin). Our aim was to extend these results to PET/CT by constructing F(ab')2 of pertuzumab modified with NOTA chelators for complexing 64Cu. The effect of the administered mass (5-200 µg) of 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab F(ab')2 was studied in NOD/SCID mice engrafted with HER2-positive SK-OV-3 human ovarian cancer xenografts. Biodistribution studies were performed in non-tumor bearing Balb/c mice to predict radiation doses to normal organs in humans. Serial PET/CT imaging was conducted on mice engrafted with HER2-positive and trastuzumab-sensitive BT-474 or trastuzumab-insensitive SK-OV-3 xenografted mice treated with weekly doses of trastuzumab. There were no significant effects of the administered mass of 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab F(ab')2 on tumor or normal tissue uptake. The predicted total body dose in humans was 0.015 mSv/MBq, a 3.3-fold reduction compared to 111In-labeled pertuzumab. MicroPET/CT images revealed specific tumor uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab F(ab')2 at 24 or 48 h post-injection in mice with SK-OV-3 tumors. Image analysis of mice treated with trastuzumab showed 2-fold reduced uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab F(ab')2 in BT-474 tumors after 1 week of trastuzumab normalized to baseline, and 1.9-fold increased uptake in SK-OV-3 tumors after 3 weeks of trastuzumab, consistent with tumor response and resistance, respectively. We conclude that PET/CT imaging with 64Cu-NOTA-pertuzumab F(ab')2 detected changes in HER2 expression in response to trastuzumab while delivering a lower total body radiation dose compared to 111In-labeled pertuzumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lam
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Conrad Chan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Department of Medical Imaging , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,c Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Andersson KG, Oroujeni M, Garousi J, Mitran B, Ståhl S, Orlova A, Löfblom J, Tolmachev V. Feasibility of imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor expression with ZEGFR:2377 affibody molecule labeled with 99mTc using a peptide-based cysteine-containing chelator. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2285-2293. [PMID: 27748899 PMCID: PMC5118000 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in a number of malignant tumors and is a molecular target for several specific anticancer antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The overexpression of EGFR is a predictive biomarker for response to several therapy regimens. Radionuclide molecular imaging might enable detection of EGFR overexpression by a non-invasive procedure and could be used repeatedly. Affibody molecules are engineered scaffold proteins, which could be selected to have a high affinity and selectivity to predetermined targets. The anti-EGFR ZEGFR:2377 affibody molecule is a potential imaging probe for EGFR detection. The use of the generator-produced radionuclide 99mTc should facilitate clinical translation of an imaging probe due to its low price, availability and favorable dosimetry of the radionuclide. In the present study, we evaluated feasibility of ZEGFR:2377 labeling with 99mTc using a peptide-based cysteine-containing chelator expressed at the C-terminus of ZEGFR:2377. The label was stable in vitro under cysteine challenge. In addition, 99mTc-ZEGFR:2377 was capable of specific binding to EGFR-expressing cells with high affinity (274 pM). Studies in BALB/C nu/nu mice bearing A431 xenografts demonstrated that 99mTc-ZEGFR:2377 accumulates in tumors in an EGFR-specific manner. The tumor uptake values were 3.6±1 and 2.5±0.4% ID/g at 3 and 24 h after injection, respectively. The corresponding tumor-to-blood ratios were 1.8±0.4 and 8±3. The xenografts were clearly visualized at both time-points. This study demonstrated the potential of 99mTc-labeled ZEGFR:2377 for imaging of EGFR in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken G Andersson
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Javad Garousi
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dobosz M, Haupt U, Scheuer W. Improved decision making for prioritizing tumor targeting antibodies in human xenografts: Utility of fluorescence imaging to verify tumor target expression, antibody binding and optimization of dosage and application schedule. MAbs 2016; 9:140-153. [PMID: 27661454 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1238996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical efficacy studies of antibodies targeting a tumor-associated antigen are only justified when the expression of the relevant antigen has been demonstrated. Conventionally, antigen expression level is examined by immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue section. This method represents the diagnostic "gold standard" for tumor target evaluation, but is affected by a number of factors, such as epitope masking and insufficient antigen retrieval. As a consequence, variances and discrepancies in histological staining results can occur, which may influence decision-making and therapeutic outcome. To overcome these problems, we have used different fluorescence-labeled therapeutic antibodies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in combination with fluorescence imaging modalities to determine tumor antigen expression, drug-target interaction, and biodistribution and tumor saturation kinetics in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. For this, whole-body fluorescence intensities of labeled antibodies, applied as a single compound or antibody mixture, were measured in Calu-1 and Calu-3 tumor-bearing mice, then ex vivo multispectral tumor tissue analysis at microscopic resolution was performed. With the aid of this simple and fast imaging method, we were able to analyze the tumor cell receptor status of HER1-3 and IGF1R, monitor the antibody-target interaction and evaluate the receptor binding sites of anti-HER2-targeting antibodies. Based on this, the most suitable tumor model, best therapeutic antibody, and optimal treatment dosage and application schedule was selected. Predictions drawn from obtained imaging data were in excellent concordance with outcome of conducted preclinical efficacy studies. Our results clearly demonstrate the great potential of combined in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging for the preclinical development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dobosz
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Ute Haupt
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- a Discovery Oncology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
111In-cetuximab as a diagnostic agent by accessible epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor targeting in human metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16601-10. [PMID: 26062654 PMCID: PMC4599292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma is a common cause death cancer in the whole world. The aim of this study is to define the 111In-cetuximab as a diagnosis tracer of human colorectal adenocarcinoma. In this research, cell uptake, nano-SPECT/CT scintigraphy, autoradiography, biodistribution and immunohitochemical staining of EGF receptor were included. HCT-116 and HT-29 cell expressed a relatively high and moderate level of EGF receptor, respectively. The nano-SPECT/CT image of 111In-cetuximab showed tumor radiation uptake of subcutaneous HCT-116 xenograft tumor was higher than SW-620. Autoradiography image also showed that tumor of HCT-116 had high 111In-cetuximab uptake. Mice that bearing CT-26 in situ xenograft colorectal tumors showed similar high uptake in vivo and ex vivo through nano-SPECT/CT imaging at 72 hours. Metastatic HCT-116/Luc tumors demonstrated the highest uptake at 72 hours after the injection of 111In-cetuximab. Relatively, results of 111In-DTPA showed that metabolism through urinary system, especially in the kidney. The quantitative analysis of biodistribution showed count value of metastatic HCT-116/Luc tumors that treated with 111In-cetuximab had a significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with that treated with 111In-DTPA after injection 72 hours. Result of immunohistologic staining of EGF receptor also showed high EGF receptor expression and uptake in metastatic colorectal tumors. In summary, we suggested that 111In-cetuximab will be a potential tool for detecting EGF receptor expression in human metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Imaging reveals complex structures and dynamic interactive processes, located deep inside the body, that are otherwise difficult to decipher. Numerous imaging modalities harness every last inch of the energy spectrum. Clinical modalities include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and light-based methods [endoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT)]. Research modalities include various light microscopy techniques (confocal, multiphoton, total internal reflection, superresolution fluorescence microscopy), electron microscopy, mass spectrometry imaging, fluorescence tomography, bioluminescence, variations of OCT, and optoacoustic imaging, among a few others. Although clinical imaging and research microscopy are often isolated from one another, we argue that their combination and integration is not only informative but also essential to discovering new biology and interpreting clinical datasets in which signals invariably originate from hundreds to thousands of cells per voxel.
Collapse
|
26
|
Boonstra MC, Prakash J, Van De Velde CJH, Mesker WE, Kuppen PJK, Vahrmeijer AL, Sier CFM. Stromal Targets for Fluorescent-Guided Oncologic Surgery. Front Oncol 2015; 5:254. [PMID: 26636036 PMCID: PMC4653299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative imaging techniques are essential for tumor detection and diagnosis, but offer limited help during surgery. Recently, the applicability of imaging during oncologic surgery has been recognized, using near-infrared fluorescent dyes conjugated to targeting antibodies, peptides, or other vehicles. Image-guided oncologic surgery (IGOS) assists the surgeFon to distinguish tumor from normal tissue during operation, and can aid in recognizing vital structures. IGOS relies on an optimized combination of a dedicated fluorescent camera system and specific probes for targeting. IGOS probes for clinical use are not widely available yet, but numerous pre-clinical studies have been published and clinical trials are being established or prepared. Most of the investigated probes are based on antibodies or peptides against proteins on the membranes of malignant cells, whereas others are directed against stromal cells. Targeting stroma cells for IGOS has several advantages. Besides the high stromal content in more aggressive tumor types, the stroma is often primarily located at the periphery/invasive front of the tumor, which makes stromal targets particularly suited for imaging purposes. Moreover, because stroma up-regulation is a physiological reaction, most proteins to be targeted on these cells are “universal” and not derived from a specific genetic variation, as is the case with many upregulated proteins on malignant cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Boonstra
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands
| | | | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands ; Antibodies for Research Applications BV , Gouda , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
van Dijk LK, Boerman OC, Kaanders JHAM, Bussink J. Epidermal growth factor receptor imaging in human head and neck cancer xenografts. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:1263-7. [PMID: 26248024 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1063778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of specific biomarkers can have prognostic, predictive or monitoring value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in various radiation resistance mechanisms as it steers the pathways related to DNA damage repair, proliferation, hypoxia and apoptosis. Radiolabeled labeled F(ab')2 fragments of the EGFR antibody cetuximab can be applied for non-invasive imaging of this receptor. Preclinical studies have shown that radioresistant tumors had a higher tracer uptake after irradiation, probably due to upregulation of membranous EGFR, thereby increasing target availability possibly as a compensation mechanism. Tumors with increased EGFR availability were also more responsive to the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab. Potentially, radionuclide imaging of the EGFR can be applied for monitoring treatment regimens in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K van Dijk
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
- b Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- b Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
van Dijk LK, Yim CB, Franssen GM, Kaanders JHAM, Rajander J, Solin O, Grönroos TJ, Boerman OC, Bussink J. PET of EGFR with (64) Cu-cetuximab-F(ab')2 in mice with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:65-70. [PMID: 26242487 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is linked to an adverse outcome in various solid tumors. Cetuximab is an EGFR inhibitor, which in combination with radiotherapy improves locoregional control and survival in a subgroup of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The aim of this study was to develop and characterize an EGFR-directed PET tracer, (64) Cu-cetuximab-F(ab')2, to determine the systemic accessibility of EGFR. Mice with HNSCC xenografts, UT-SCC-8 (n = 6) or UT-SCC-45 (n = 6), were imaged 24 h post injection with (64) Cu-NODAGA-cetuximab-F(ab')2 using PET/CT. One mouse for each tumor model was co-injected with excess unlabeled cetuximab 3 days before radiotracer injection to determine non-EGFR-mediated uptake. Ex vivo biodistribution of the tracer was determined and tumors were analyzed by autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. The SUVmax of UT-SCC-8 tumors was higher than that of UT-SCC-45: 1.5 ± 1.0 and 0.8 ± 0.2 (p < 0.05), respectively. SUVmax after in vivo blocking of EGFR with cetuximab was 0.4. Immunohistochemistry showed that UT-SCC-8 had a significantly higher EGFR expression than UT-SCC-45: 0.50 ± 0.19 versus 0.12 ± 0.08 (p < 0.005), respectively. Autoradiography indicated that (64) Cu-cetuximab-F(ab')2 uptake correlated with EGFR expression in both tumors: r = 0.86 ± 0.06 (UT-SCC-8) and 0.90 ± 0.06 (UT-SCC-45). (64) Cu-cetuximab-F(ab')2 is a promising PET tracer to determine expression of EGFR in vivo. Clinically, this tracer has the potential to be used to determine cetuximab targeting of tumors and possibly to non-invasively monitor the response to EGFR-inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K van Dijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Bin Yim
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tove J Grönroos
- MediCity/PET Preclinical Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
van Dijk LK, Boerman OC, Kaanders JH, Bussink J. PET Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer Patients to Monitor Treatment Response: A Future Role for EGFR-Targeted Imaging. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3602-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Dietrich A, Koi L, Zöphel K, Sihver W, Kotzerke J, Baumann M, Krause M. Improving external beam radiotherapy by combination with internal irradiation. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150042. [PMID: 25782328 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is dose dependent, but the dose that can be applied to solid tumour lesions is limited by the sensitivity of the surrounding tissue. The combination of EBRT with systemically applied radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a promising approach to increase efficacy of radiotherapy. Toxicities of both treatment modalities of this combination of internal and external radiotherapy (CIERT) are not additive, as different organs at risk are in target. However, advantages of both single treatments are combined, for example, precise high dose delivery to the bulk tumour via standard EBRT, which can be increased by addition of RIT, and potential targeting of micrometastases by RIT. Eventually, theragnostic radionuclide pairs can be used to predict uptake of the radiotherapeutic drug prior to and during therapy and find individual patients who may benefit from this treatment. This review aims to highlight the outcome of pre-clinical studies on CIERT and resultant questions for translation into the clinic. Few clinical data are available until now and reasons as well as challenges for clinical implementation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dietrich
- 1 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,2 OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - L Koi
- 2 OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,3 Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - K Zöphel
- 1 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,2 OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,4 Clinic and Policlinic for Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - W Sihver
- 5 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Kotzerke
- 1 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,2 OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,4 Clinic and Policlinic for Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Baumann
- 1 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,2 OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,3 Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,6 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Krause
- 1 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,2 OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,3 Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,6 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van Dijk LK, Boerman OC, Franssen GM, Kaanders JHAM, Bussink J. 111In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 SPECT and 18F-FDG PET for prediction and response monitoring of combined-modality treatment of human head and neck carcinomas in a mouse model. J Nucl Med 2014; 56:287-92. [PMID: 25552666 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.148296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with radiotherapy and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab shows an improved response in a subgroup of patients. The aim of this study was to noninvasively monitor treatment response by visualizing systemically accessible EGFR with (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 while simultaneously evaluating tumor metabolism with (18)F-FDG PET during combined-modality treatment. METHODS Eighty mice with patient-derived head and neck squamous cell carcinomas xenografts, SCCNij202 or SCCNij185, were imaged with SPECT/CT using (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 (5 μg, 28 ± 6.1 MBq, 24 h after injection), followed by PET imaging with (18)F-FDG (9.4 ± 2.9 MBq, 1 h after injection). Scans were acquired on mice 10 d before treatment with either single-dose irradiation (10 Gy), cetuximab alone, or cetuximab-plus-irradiation combined or on untreated control mice. Scans were repeated 18 d after treatment. Tumor growth was monitored up to 120 d after treatment. EGFR expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS SCCNij202 responded to combined treatment (P < 0.01) and cetuximab treatment alone (P < 0.05) but not to irradiation alone (P = 0.13). SCCNij185 responded to combined treatment (P < 0.05) and irradiation (P < 0.05) but not to cetuximab treatment alone (P = 0.34). (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 uptake (tumor-to-liver ratio, scan 2 - scan 1) predicted response to therapy. A positive response to treatment significantly correlated with a reduced tracer uptake in the tumor in the second SPECT scan, compared with the first scan (P < 0.005 and <0.05 for SCCNij202 and SCCNij185, respectively). Resistance to therapy was characterized by a significantly increased (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 tumor uptake; tumor-to-liver ratio was 2.2 ± 0.6 to 3.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.01, for (irradiated) SCCNij202 and 1.4 ± 0.4 to 2.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.05, for (cetuximab-treated) SCCNij185, respectively. (18)F-FDG PET tumor uptake (maximum standardized uptake value, scan 2 - scan 1) correlated with tumor response for SCCNij202 (P < 0.01) but not for SCCNij185 (P = 0.66). EGFR fractions were significantly different: 0.9 ± 0.1 (SCCNij202) and 0.5 ± 0.1 (SCCNij185) (P < 0.001). The EGFR fraction was significantly lower for irradiated SCCNij202 tumors than for controls (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 predicted and monitored the effects of EGFR inhibition or irradiation during treatment in both head and neck carcinoma models investigated, whereas (18)F-FDG PET only correlated with tumor response in the SCCNij202 model. Thus, the additional value of the (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 tracer is emphasized and the tracer can aid in evaluating future treatments with EGFR-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K van Dijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Samkoe KS, Tichauer KM, Gunn JR, Wells WA, Hasan T, Pogue BW. Quantitative in vivo immunohistochemistry of epidermal growth factor receptor using a receptor concentration imaging approach. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7465-74. [PMID: 25344226 PMCID: PMC4268352 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As receptor-targeted therapeutics become increasingly used in clinical oncology, the ability to quantify protein expression and pharmacokinetics in vivo is imperative to ensure successful individualized treatment plans. Current standards for receptor analysis are performed on extracted tissues. These measurements are static and often physiologically irrelevant; therefore, only a partial picture of available receptors for drug targeting in vivo is provided. Until recently, in vivo measurements were limited by the inability to separate delivery, binding, and retention effects, but this can be circumvented by a dual-tracer approach for referencing the detected signal. We hypothesized that in vivo receptor concentration imaging (RCI) would be superior to ex vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using multiple xenograft tumor models with varying EGFR expression, we determined the EGFR concentration in each model using a novel targeted agent (anti-EGFR affibody-IRDye800CW conjugate) along with a simultaneously delivered reference agent (control affibody-IRDye680RD conjugate). The RCI-calculated in vivo receptor concentration was strongly correlated with ex vivo pathologist-scored IHC and computer-quantified ex vivo immunofluorescence. In contrast, no correlation was observed with ex vivo Western blot analysis or in vitro flow-cytometry assays. Overall, our results argue that in vivo RCI provides a robust measure of receptor expression equivalent to ex vivo immunostaining, with implications for use in noninvasive monitoring of therapy or therapeutic guidance during surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S Samkoe
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Wendy A Wells
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chakravarty R, Goel S, Valdovinos HF, Hernandez R, Hong H, Nickles RJ, Cai W. Matching the decay half-life with the biological half-life: ImmunoPET imaging with (44)Sc-labeled cetuximab Fab fragment. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2197-204. [PMID: 25389697 PMCID: PMC4275156 DOI: 10.1021/bc500415x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Scandium-44
(t1/2 = 3.9 h) is a relatively
new radioisotope of potential interest for use in clinical positron
emission tomography (PET). Herein, we report, for the first time,
the room-temperature radiolabeling of proteins with 44Sc
for in vivo PET imaging. For this purpose, the Fab
fragment of Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds with high
affinity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was generated
and conjugated with N-[(R)-2-amino-3-(para-isothiocyanato-phenyl)propyl]-trans-(S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentaacetic acid (CHX-A″-DTPA).
The high purity of Cetuximab-Fab was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and mass
spectrometry. The potential of the bioconjugate for PET imaging of
EGFR expression in human glioblastoma (U87MG) tumor-bearing mice was
investigated after 44Sc labeling. PET imaging revealed
rapid tumor uptake (maximum uptake of ∼12% ID/g at 4 h postinjection)
of 44Sc–CHX-A″-DTPA–Cetuximab-Fab
with excellent tumor-to-background ratio, which might allow for same
day PET imaging in future clinical studies. Immunofluorescence staining
was conducted to correlate tracer uptake in the tumor and normal tissues
with EGFR expression. This successful strategy for immunoPET imaging
of EGFR expression using 44Sc–CHX-A″-DTPA–Cetuximab-Fab
can make clinically translatable advances to select the right population
of patients for EGFR-targeted therapy and also to monitor the therapeutic
efficacy of anti-EGFR treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bondza S, Stenberg J, Nestor M, Andersson K, Björkelund H. Conjugation Effects on Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Evaluation of Interaction Kinetics in Real Time on Living Cells. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4154-63. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500379d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bondza
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Stenberg
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ridgeview Instruments AB, Vänge, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Section
of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical
Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Andersson
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ridgeview Instruments AB, Vänge, Sweden
| | - Hanna Björkelund
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ridgeview Instruments AB, Vänge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
van Dijk LK, Boerman OC, Franssen GM, Lok J, Kaanders JHAM, Bussink J. Early response monitoring with 18F-FDG PET and cetuximab-F(ab')2-SPECT after radiotherapy of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in a mouse model. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1665-70. [PMID: 25236350 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Only a subset of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) benefit from radiotherapy and concurrent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor therapy with cetuximab, indicating the need for patient selection. The aim of this study was to visualize the change in systemically accessible EGFR with (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 SPECT before and after radiotherapy, while simultaneously evaluating (18)F-FDG PET uptake. METHODS Mice with HNSCC xenografts, cetuximab-sensitive SCCNij202 and cetuximab-resistant SCCNij167, were imaged with SPECT/CT using (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 as a tracer, directly followed by PET imaging with (18)F-FDG. Scans were acquired 7 d before radiotherapy (10 Gy) and 1, 7, and 14 d after treatment. Intratumoral localization of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')(2) was evaluated by autoradiography and histologic markers evaluated by immunofluorescence staining in the same tumor sections. RESULTS Growth of irradiated SCCNij202 and SCCNij167 tumors was significantly delayed, compared with controls (P < 0.05). No changes in uptake of (18)F-FDG were observed in either of the xenografts after radiotherapy. SPECT images of tumor-bearing mice showed a significant increase in uptake of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')(2) in the SCCNij202 tumors after irradiation (tumor-to-liver ratio, 4.3 ± 1.1 vs. 10.5 ± 3.3, 7 d before and 14 d after treatment, respectively, P < 0.01) but not in SCCNij167 tumors. Immunohistochemical EGFR staining showed a translocation of the EGFR from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane in irradiated SCCNij202 xenografts. Intratumoral distribution of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')(2) as determined by autoradiography correlated well with the distribution of EGFR as determined immunohistochemically (r = 0.85; range, 0.69-0.95). CONCLUSION EGFR accessibility can be visualized with (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')(2). (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')(2) uptake increased after irradiation only in cetuximab-sensitive SCCNij202 xenografts, implying that the tracer can be used to measure irradiation-induced changes of EGFR expression and can monitor the compensatory response of tumors to radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K van Dijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Lok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| |
Collapse
|