1
|
Higuchi T, Hartrampf PE, Buck AK, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, Serfling SE, Werner RA. Role of Functional SPECT and PET in Renal Emergencies. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:786-796. [PMID: 37236903 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Renal scintigraphy is a centerpiece of nuclear medicine and is also commonly applied for (peri-)acute care. In this regard, referrals by the treating physician include: I.) acute obstructions caused by gradual and infiltrative tumor growth or renal off-target effects under anti-tumor treatment, II.) functional issues in infants, for example, structural abnormalities such as duplex kidneys or uroliths in adults, which can also trigger III.) Infections of renal parenchyma. Renal radionuclide imaging is also requested due to IV.) acute trauma to the abdomen, for example, to assess renal scarring or upon further follow-up after reconstructive surgery. We will discuss clinical applications of (peri-)acute renal scintigraphy, along with future prospects on the use of more advanced nuclear imaging techniques such as renal positron emission tomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Philipp E Hartrampf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Rudolf A Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Warwick J, Holness J. Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:453-466. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
3
|
Werner RA, Pomper MG, Buck AK, Rowe SP, Higuchi T. SPECT and PET Radiotracers in Renal Imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:406-418. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
4
|
Volkan-Salanci B, Erbaş B. Diuretic Renal Scintigraphy in Adults: Practical Aspects and Reporting. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:445-452. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
5
|
Kuzma BA, Pence IJ, Greenfield DA, Ho A, Evans CL. Visualizing and quantifying antimicrobial drug distribution in tissue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113942. [PMID: 34437983 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of drugs are vital to the mechanistic understanding of their efficacy. Measuring antimicrobial drug efficacy has been challenging as plasma drug concentration is used as a surrogate for tissue drug concentration, yet typically does not reflect that at the intended site(s) of action. Utilizing an image-guided approach, it is feasible to accurately quantify the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics within the desired site(s) of action. We outline imaging modalities used in visualizing drug distribution with examples ranging from in vitro cellular drug uptake to clinical treatment of microbial infections. The imaging modalities of interest are: radio-labeling, magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry imaging, computed tomography, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy. We outline the progress, limitations, and future outlook for each methodology. Further advances in these optical approaches would benefit patients and researchers alike, as non-invasive imaging could yield more profound insights with a lower clinical burden than invasive measurement approaches used today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Kuzma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A Greenfield
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Alexander Ho
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Toyama Y, Werner RA, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Ordonez AA, Takase K, Lapa C, Jain SK, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, Higuchi T. Current and future perspectives on functional molecular imaging in nephro-urology: theranostics on the horizon. Theranostics 2021; 11:6105-6119. [PMID: 33897902 PMCID: PMC8058716 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a paradigm shift from single-photon-emitting radionuclide radiotracers toward positron-emission tomography (PET) radiotracers has occurred in nuclear oncology. Although PET-based molecular imaging of the kidneys is still in its infancy, such a trend has emerged in the field of functional renal radionuclide imaging. Potentially allowing for precise and thorough evaluation of renal radiotracer urodynamics, PET radionuclide imaging has numerous advantages including precise anatomical co-registration with CT images and dynamic three-dimensional imaging capability. In addition, relative to scintigraphic approaches, PET can allow for significantly reduced scan time enabling high-throughput in a busy PET practice and further reduces radiation exposure, which may have a clinical impact in pediatric populations. In recent years, multiple renal PET radiotracers labeled with 11C, 68Ga, and 18F have been utilized in clinical studies. Beyond providing a precise non-invasive read-out of renal function, such radiotracers may also be used to assess renal inflammation. This manuscript will provide an overview of renal molecular PET imaging and will highlight the transformation of conventional scintigraphy of the kidneys toward novel, high-resolution PET imaging for assessing renal function. In addition, future applications will be introduced, e.g. by transferring the concept of molecular image-guided diagnostics and therapy (theranostics) to the field of nephrology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Toyama
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rudolf A. Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg Germany
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoya
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alvaro A. Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kei Takase
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sanjay K. Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven P. Rowe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg Germany
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hasegawa K, Koshino K, Higuchi T. Facile synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluorosorbitol using sodium borohydride on aluminum oxide. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:40-46. [PMID: 33063893 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-2-[18 F]fluorosorbitol (18 F-FDS) has become increasingly useful in functional renal imaging. FDS is synthesized by the one-step reduction of 2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoroglucose (18 F-FDG). To develop a more simple and rapid procedure for 18 F-FDS synthesis, we examined reduction reactions with solid-supported NaBH4 . Synthetic yields using BH4 -IRA400 (polymer-based matrix) and NaBH4 -Al2 O3 (clay-based matrix) as solid-supported reagents were compared. NaBH4 -Al2 O3 was found to be far superior to BH4 -IRA400 in the FDG reduction reaction. IRA 400 was not suitable for this reaction because it adsorbs FDG, in addition to glucose, with no FDS synthesized when using BH4 -IRA400. By contrast, NaBH4 -Al2 O3 only required a filtration as workup, affording FDS in 90% yield after a total of 10 min. NaBH4 on alumina was readily consumed in the reaction within 1 min, regardless of the amount used, by simply stirring with a vortex mixer. Complicated procedures, such as microwave irradiation, were not necessary. This simple operation will allow kit formulation and is suitable for radiosynthesis. In conclusion, clay-supported reagents showed low absorption and were time saving, which are highly compatible with 18 F-FDS synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Hasegawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Koshino
- Department of Systems and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Ordonez AA, Werner RA, Plyku D, Klunk MH, Leal J, Lesniak WG, Holt DP, Dannals RF, Higuchi T, Rowe SP, Jain SK. 11C-PABA as a PET Radiotracer for Functional Renal Imaging: Preclinical and First-in-Human Study. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1665-1671. [PMID: 32198314 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.239806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) has been previously used as an exogenous marker to verify completion of 24-h urine sampling. Therefore, we hypothesized that PABA radiolabeled with 11C might allow high-quality dynamic PET of the kidneys with less radiation exposure than other agents because of its shorter biologic and physical half-life. We evaluated if 11C-PABA can visualize renal anatomy and quantify function in healthy rats and rabbits and in a first-in-humans study on healthy volunteers. Methods: Healthy rats and rabbits were injected with 11C-PABA intravenously. Subsequently, dynamic PET was performed, followed by postmortem tissue-biodistribution studies. 11C-PABA PET was directly compared with the current standard, 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycin, in rats. Three healthy human subjects also underwent dynamic PET after intravenous injection of 11C-PABA. Results: In healthy rats and rabbits, dynamic PET demonstrated a rapid accumulation of 11C-PABA in the renal cortex, followed by rapid excretion through the pelvicalyceal system. In humans, 11C-PABA PET was safe and well tolerated. There were no adverse or clinically detectable pharmacologic effects in any subject. The cortex was delineated on PET, and the activity gradually transited to the medulla and then pelvis with high spatiotemporal resolution. Conclusion: 11C-PABA demonstrated fast renal excretion with a very low background signal in animals and humans. These results suggest that 11C-PABA might be used as a novel radiotracer for functional renal imaging, providing high-quality spatiotemporal images with low radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A Ruiz-Bedoya
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rudolf A Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Donika Plyku
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mariah H Klunk
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeff Leal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wojciech G Lesniak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel P Holt
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; and.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Imaging of Acute Renal Failure in the Hospital Setting. Radiol Clin North Am 2020; 58:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
Shi S, Zhang L, Wu Z, Zhang A, Hong H, Choi SR, Zhu L, Kung HF. [ 68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp: A new renal function imaging agent. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 82-83:17-24. [PMID: 31869735 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [68Ga]Ga-EDTA ([68Ga]Ga-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) was previously reported as a renal imaging agent for measuring GFR (glomerular filtration rate). In an effort to provide new agents with better in vivo characteristics for renal imaging, [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp (Di-Aspartic acid derivative of N,N'-bis [2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]-ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid) was prepared and tested. METHOD HBED-CC-DiAsp was synthesized and labeled with [68Ga]GaCl4- at room temperature. Plasma protein and red blood cells (RBC) binding were also evaluated. Biodistribution and dynamic PET imaging studies were performed in mice and rats, respectively. RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp was radiolabeled at room temperature by a one-step kit formulation in high purity without any purification (radiochemical purity >98%). Previous reports suggested that Ga-HBED-CC exhibited a higher stability constant and rapid chelating formation rate than that of Ga-EDTA (logKGaL = 38.5 vs 22.1, respectively). In vitro stability studies indicated that it was stable up to 120 min. The log DOW value, partition coefficient between n-octanol and water, was found to be -2.52 ± 0.08. Plasma protein and RBC binding was similar to that observed for [68Ga]Ga-EDTA. Biodistribution and dynamic PET/CT imaging studies in rats revealed a rapid clearance primarily through the renal-urinary pathway. The PET-derived [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp renograms in rats showed an average time-to-peak of 3.6 ± 0.7 min which was similar to that observed for [68Ga]Ga-EDTA (3.1 ± 0.5 min). The time-to-half-maximal activity was also comparable to that of [68Ga]Ga-EDTA (8.8 vs 8.2 min, respectively). Pretreatment of probenecid, a renal tubular excretion inhibitor, showed no significant effect on renal excretion. CONCLUSIONS [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp could be prepared quickly at room temperature in high yield and purity. Results of in vitro studies and in vivo biodistribution in mice and rats suggested that [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp might be useful as a PET imaging agent for measurement of GFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haiyan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hank F Kung
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Toyohara J, Yamamoto H, Tago T. Searching for diagnostic properties of novel fluorine-18-labeled D-allose. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:855-865. [PMID: 31471865 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two fluorine-18-labeled analogues, 3-deoxy-3-[18F]fluoro-D-allose (3-[18F]FDA) and 6-deoxy-6-[18F]fluoro-D-allose (6-[18F]FDA), were synthesized and their potentials of diagnostic property were characterized. METHODS In vitro rat red blood cell (RBC) transport and phosphorylation by yeast hexokinase were evaluated in comparison with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). The rate of protein binding in pooled human serum was measured by an ultrafiltration method. In vivo metabolite analysis in mice was also performed. Biodistribution, urine excretion, and in vivo renal kinetics in mice were compared with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluorosorbitol ([18F]FDS). RESULTS Rat RBC uptake of 3- and 6-[18F]FDA (7.8 ± 2.5%ID and 10.2 ± 4.8%ID, respectively) was significantly lower than that of [18F]FDG (44.7 ± 8.7%ID). RBC uptake of 3-[18F]FDA was inhibited by D-glucose (30%) and cytochalasin B (40%), indicating the involvement of GLUT1-dependent transport. In contrast, 6-[18F]FDA transport was not inhibited by D-glucose and cytochalasin B. 3- and 6-[18F]FDA were not phosphorylated by yeast hexokinase under the conditions that result in 60% conversion of [18F]FDG into [18F]FDG-6-phosphate within 30 min. Serum protein binding of 3- and 6-[18F]FDA was negligible. Metabolic transformation of both tracers was not detected in plasma and urine at 30 min after injection. The highest tissue uptake of both tracers was observed in kidneys. Heart and brain uptake of both tracers was below blood levels throughout the biodistribution studies (until 120 min after injection). No significant uptake in the bone was observed, indicating the absence of de-fluorination in mice. In vivo PET imaging visualized rapid excretion of the administered 3- and 6-[18F]FDA from the kidneys, with minimal tracer accumulation in other organs. The urine excretion rate of 3-[18F]FDA was much lower than that of 6-[18F]FDA and [18F]FDS. CONCLUSIONS 3- and 6-[18F]FDA might be unsatisfactory for tumor imaging. In contrast, these tracers demonstrated high levels of kidney uptake and excretion, low serum protein binding, and high metabolic stability as preferable properties for renal imaging. Notably, the urine excretion rate and kidney uptake kinetics of 6-[18F]FDA were comparable with those of the potential renal imaging agent [18F]FDS. Further validation studies in animal models are required to confirm the feasibility of 6-[18F]FDA as a functional renal imaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, 6-10 Senshu-Kubota Machi, Akita, 010-0874, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tago
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Werner RA, Chen X, Lapa C, Koshino K, Rowe SP, Pomper MG, Javadi MS, Higuchi T. The next era of renal radionuclide imaging: novel PET radiotracers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1773-1786. [PMID: 31144061 PMCID: PMC6647203 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although single-photon-emitting radiotracers have long been the standard for renal functional molecular imaging, recent years have seen the development of positron emission tomography (PET) agents for this application. We provide an overview of renal radionuclide PET radiotracers, in particular focusing on novel 18F-labelled and 68Ga-labelled agents. Several reported PET imaging probes allow assessment of glomerular filtration rate, such as [68Ga]ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ([68Ga]EDTA), [68Ga]IRDye800-tilmanocept and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluorosorbitol ([18F]FDS)). The diagnostic performance of [68Ga]EDTA has already been demonstrated in a clinical trial. [68Ga]IRDye800-tilmanocept shows receptor-mediated binding to glomerular mesangial cells, which in turn may allow the monitoring of progression of diabetic nephropathy. [18F]FDS shows excellent kidney extraction and excretion in rats and, as has been shown in the first study in humans. Further, due to its simple one-step radiosynthesis via the most frequently used PET radiotracer 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose, [18F]FDS could be available at nearly every PET centre. A new PET radiotracer has also been introduced for the effective assessment of plasma flow in the kidneys: Re(CO)3-N-([18F]fluoroethyl)iminodiacetic acid (Re(CO)3([18F]FEDA)). This compound demonstrates similar pharmacokinetic properties to its 99mTc-labelled analogue [99mTc](CO)3(FEDA). Thus, if there is a shortage of molybdenum-99, Re(CO)3([18F]FEDA would allow direct comparison with previous studies with 99mTc. The PET radiotracers for renal imaging reviewed here allow thorough evaluation of kidney function, with the tremendous advantage of precise anatomical coregistration with simultaneously acquired CT images and rapid three-dimensional imaging capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Koshino
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehrbod S Javadi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Center, Suita, Japan.
- Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The novel PET probe 2-deoxy-2-F-fluoro-D-sorbitol (F-FDS) has demonstrated favorable renal kinetics in animals. We aimed to elucidate its imaging properties in 2 human volunteers. F-FDS was produced by a simple 1-step reduction from F-FDG. On dynamic renal PET, the cortex was delineated and activity gradually transited in the parenchyma, followed by radiotracer excretion. No adverse effects were reported. Given the higher spatiotemporal resolution of PET relative to conventional scintigraphy, F-FDS PET offers a more thorough evaluation of human renal kinetics. Due to its simple production from F-FDG, F-FDS is virtually available at any PET facility with radiochemistry infrastructure.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hanssen O, Lovinfosse P, Weekers L, Hustinx R, Jouret F. [ 18F-FDG positron emission tomography in non-oncological renal pathology: Current indications and perspectives]. Nephrol Ther 2019; 15:430-438. [PMID: 30982747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a nuclear imaging technique which provides anatomical and functional information. PET/CT is increasingly used in non-oncological nephrology since conventional radiological approaches after injection of contrast agents are relatively contra-indicated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PET/CT after i.v. injection of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) is not toxic and is characterized by a high sensitivity. The level of irradiation (∼5mSv) is acceptable. CKD does not significantly influence tissue uptake of 18F-FDG. The purpose of the present review aims at detailing the non-oncological indications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in general nephrology and after kidney transplantation. Particularly, 18F-FDG PET/CT appears useful in the diagnosis of cyst infection in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, as well as in the characterization of retroperitoneal fibrosis. In kidney transplant recipients, 18F-FDG PET/CT may help in the diagnostic work-up of suspected acute rejection, thereby eventually avoiding unnecessary kidney transplant biopsy. Perspectives in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging are discussed, including innovative approaches of image analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Hanssen
- Service de néphrologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Pierre Lovinfosse
- Service de médecine nucléaire et imagerie oncologique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Laurent Weekers
- Service de médecine nucléaire et imagerie oncologique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Service de médecine nucléaire et imagerie oncologique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - François Jouret
- Service de néphrologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique; Groupe interdisciplinaire de géno-protéomique appliquée (GIGA), sciences cardiovasculaires, université de Liège, Liège, Belgique.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gündel D, Pohle U, Prell E, Odparlik A, Thews O. Assessing Glomerular Filtration in Small Animals Using [ 68Ga]DTPA and [ 68Ga]EDTA with PET Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:457-464. [PMID: 29063303 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential for clinical medicine but also for pre-clinical animal studies. Functional imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) allows repetitive almost non-invasive measurements. The aim of the study was the development and evaluation of easily synthesizable PET tracers for GFR measurements in small animals. PROCEDURES Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were labeled with Ga-68. The binding to blood cells and plasma proteins was tested in vitro. The distribution of the tracers in rats was analyzed by PET imaging and ex vivo measurements. From the time-activity-curve of the blood compartment (heart) and the total tracer mass excreted by the kidney, the GFR was calculated. These values were compared directly with the inulin clearance in the same animals. RESULTS Both tracers did not bind to blood cells. [68Ga]DPTA but not [68Ga]EDTA showed strong binding to plasma proteins. For this reason, [68Ga]DPTA stayed much longer in the blood and only 30 % of the injected dose was eliminated by the kidney within 60 min whereas the excretion of [68Ga]EDTA was 89 ± 1 %. The calculated GFR using [68Ga]EDTA was comparable to the measured inulin clearance in the same animal. Using [68Ga]-DPTA, the measurements led to values which were 80 % below the normal GFR. The results also revealed that definition of the volume of interest for the blood compartment affects the calculation and may lead to a slight overestimation of the GFR. CONCLUSIONS [68Ga]EDTA is a suitable tracer for GFR calculation from PET imaging in small animals. It is easy to be labeled, and the results are in good accordance with the inulin clearance. [68Ga]DTPA led to a marked underestimation of GFR due to its strong binding to plasma proteins and is therefore not an appropriate tracer for GFR measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gündel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ulrike Pohle
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erik Prell
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Odparlik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Oliver Thews
- Institute of Physiology, University Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Werner RA, Eissler C, Hayakawa N, Arias-Loza P, Wakabayashi H, Javadi MS, Chen X, Shinaji T, Lapa C, Pelzer T, Higuchi T. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy using ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17631. [PMID: 30514933 PMCID: PMC6279734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is one of the earliest signs of cardiac involvement prior to the definitive development of heart failure (HF). We aimed to explore the LV diastolic function using electrocardiography (ECG)-gated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging beyond the assessment of cardiac glucose utilization in a diabetic rat model. ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET imaging was performed in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (ZDF fa/fa) and ZL control rats at age of 13 weeks (n = 6, respectively). Under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to enhance cardiac activity, 18F-FDG was administered and subsequently, list-mode imaging using a dedicated small animal PET system with ECG signal recording was performed. List-mode data were sorted and reconstructed into tomographic images of 16 frames per cardiac cycle. Left ventricular functional parameters (systolic: LV ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR) vs. diastolic: peak filling rate (PFR)) were obtained using an automatic ventricular edge detection software. No significant difference in systolic function could be obtained (ZL controls vs. ZDF rats: LVEF, 62.5 ± 4.2 vs. 59.4 ± 4.5%; HR: 331 ± 35 vs. 309 ± 24 bpm; n.s., respectively). On the contrary, ECG-gated PET imaging showed a mild but significant decrease of PFR in the diabetic rats (ZL controls vs. ZDF rats: 12.1 ± 0.8 vs. 10.2 ± 1 Enddiastolic Volume/sec, P < 0.01). Investigating a diabetic rat model, ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET imaging detected LV diastolic dysfunction while systolic function was still preserved. This might open avenues for an early detection of HF onset in high-risk type 2 diabetes before cardiac symptoms become apparent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Eissler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Hayakawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Paula Arias-Loza
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mehrbod S Javadi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tetsuya Shinaji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theo Pelzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Werner RA, Weich A, Kircher M, Solnes LB, Javadi MS, Higuchi T, Buck AK, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, Lapa C. The theranostic promise for Neuroendocrine Tumors in the late 2010s - Where do we stand, where do we go? Theranostics 2018; 8:6088-6100. [PMID: 30613284 PMCID: PMC6299695 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 25 years after the first peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), the concept of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-directed imaging and therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is seeing rapidly increasing use. To maximize the full potential of its theranostic promise, efforts in recent years have expanded recommendations in current guidelines and included the evaluation of novel theranostic radiotracers for imaging and treatment of NET. Moreover, the introduction of standardized reporting framework systems may harmonize PET reading, address pitfalls in interpreting SSTR-PET/CT scans and guide the treating physician in selecting PRRT candidates. Notably, the concept of PRRT has also been applied beyond oncology, e.g. for treatment of inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis. Future perspectives may include the efficacy evaluation of PRRT compared to other common treatment options for NET, novel strategies for closer monitoring of potential side effects, the introduction of novel radiotracers with beneficial pharmacodynamic and kinetic properties or the use of supervised machine learning approaches for outcome prediction. This article reviews how the SSTR-directed theranostic concept is currently applied and also reflects on recent developments that hold promise for the future of theranostics in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A. Werner
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Center of Excellence (CoE), NET Zentrum, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Weich
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Center of Excellence (CoE), NET Zentrum, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kircher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Center of Excellence (CoE), NET Zentrum, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lilja B. Solnes
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehrbod S. Javadi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Bio Medical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Andreas K. Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Center of Excellence (CoE), NET Zentrum, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven P. Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Center of Excellence (CoE), NET Zentrum, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Werner RA, Wakabayashi H, Chen X, Hirano M, Shinaji T, Lapa C, Rowe SP, Javadi MS, Higuchi T. Functional Renal Imaging with 2-Deoxy-2-18F-Fluorosorbitol PET in Rat Models of Renal Disorders. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:828-832. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.203828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
19
|
Ordonez AA, Weinstein EA, Bambarger LE, Saini V, Chang YS, DeMarco VP, Klunk MH, Urbanowski ME, Moulton KL, Murawski AM, Pokkali S, Kalinda AS, Jain SK. A Systematic Approach for Developing Bacteria-Specific Imaging Tracers. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:144-150. [PMID: 27635025 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.181792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern patient is increasingly susceptible to bacterial infections including those due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Noninvasive whole-body analysis with pathogen-specific imaging technologies can significantly improve patient outcomes by rapidly identifying a source of infection and monitoring the response to treatment, but no such technology exists clinically. METHODS We systematically screened 961 random radiolabeled molecules in silico as substrates for essential metabolic pathways in bacteria, followed by in vitro uptake in representative bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mycobacteria. Fluorine-labeled analogs, that could be developed as PET-based imaging tracers, were evaluated in a murine myositis model. RESULTS We identified 3 novel, nontoxic molecules demonstrating selective bacterial uptake: para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), with uptake in all representative bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis; mannitol, with selective uptake in S. aureus and E. coli; and sorbitol, accumulating only in E. coli None accumulated in mammalian cells or heat-killed bacteria, suggesting metabolism-derived specificity. In addition to an extended bacterial panel of laboratory strains, all 3 molecules rapidly accumulated in respective clinical isolates of interest including MDROs such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. In a murine myositis model, fluorine-labeled analogs of all 3 molecules could rapidly detect and differentiate infection sites from sterile inflammation in mice (P = 0.03). Finally, 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-sorbitol (18F-FDS) can be easily synthesized from 18F-FDG. PET, with 18F-FDS synthesized using current good manufacturing practice, could rapidly differentiate true infection from sterile inflammation to selectively localize E. coli infection in mice. CONCLUSION We have developed a systematic approach that exploits unique biochemical pathways in bacteria to develop novel pathogen-specific imaging tracers. These tracers have significant potential for clinical translation to specifically detect and localize a broad range of bacteria, including MDROs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edward A Weinstein
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Lauren E Bambarger
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vikram Saini
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yong S Chang
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vincent P DeMarco
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mariah H Klunk
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael E Urbanowski
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kimberly L Moulton
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allison M Murawski
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Supriya Pokkali
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alvin S Kalinda
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pathuri G, Hedrick AF, Awasthi V, Cowley BD, Gali H. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of ortho-[(124)I]iodohippurate for PET renography in healthy rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 115:251-255. [PMID: 27434486 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ortho-[(131)I]iodohippurate [(131)I]OIH (marketed as Hippuran I 131), a gold standard for radionuclide renography, and [(123)I]OIH were in clinical use for decades. Here we radiolabeled OIH with (124)I (a positron emitter) to combine the desirable biological properties of OIH and to enable the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for renography. [(124)I]OIH was synthesized with a slight modification to a previously reported method for the kit preparation of [(123)I]OIH based on the Cu(II) catalyzed isotope-exchange reaction. Our method utilized heating at 120°C under sealed condition in a heating block instead of autoclaving. [(124)I]OIH was obtained with a radiochemical purity of >99.3%, radiochemical yield of 94.5%, and specific activity of ~17 MBq/mg. Biodistribution studies in healthy Sprague Dawley rats revealed results comparable to that of [(131)I]OIH as reported in the literature. The PET-derived [(124)I]OIH renograms revealed an average time-to-peak of 2.8±0.4min and the average time-to-half-maximal activity of 11.4±1.5min, which are also comparable to that of [(131)I]OIH as reported in the literature. Results from this study indicate that the synthesis of [(124)I]OIH without using an autoclave and [(124)I]OIH PET renography are feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Pathuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andria F Hedrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin D Cowley
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hariprasad Gali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharkey J, Scarfe L, Santeramo I, Garcia-Finana M, Park BK, Poptani H, Wilm B, Taylor A, Murray P. Imaging technologies for monitoring the safety, efficacy and mechanisms of action of cell-based regenerative medicine therapies in models of kidney disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 790:74-82. [PMID: 27375077 PMCID: PMC5063540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of end stage kidney disease is rising annually and it is now a global public health problem. Current treatment options are dialysis or renal transplantation, which apart from their significant drawbacks in terms of increased morbidity and mortality, are placing an increasing economic burden on society. Cell-based Regenerative Medicine Therapies (RMTs) have shown great promise in rodent models of kidney disease, but clinical translation is hampered due to the lack of adequate safety and efficacy data. Furthermore, the mechanisms whereby the cell-based RMTs ameliorate injury are ill-defined. For instance, it is not always clear if the cells directly replace damaged renal tissue, or whether paracrine effects are more important. Knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of cell therapies is crucial because it could lead to the development of safer and more effective RMTs in the future. To address these questions, novel in vivo imaging strategies are needed to monitor the biodistribution of cell-based RMTs and evaluate their beneficial effects on host tissues and organs, as well as any potential adverse effects. In this review we will discuss how state-of-the-art imaging modalities, including bioluminescence, magnetic resonance, nuclear imaging, ultrasound and an emerging imaging technology called multispectral optoacoustic tomography, can be used in combination with various imaging probes to track the fate and biodistribution of cell-based RMTs in rodent models of kidney disease, and evaluate their effect on renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Ilaria Santeramo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Marta Garcia-Finana
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Brian K Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chiotellis A, Müller Herde A, Rössler SL, Brekalo A, Gedeonova E, Mu L, Keller C, Schibli R, Krämer SD, Ametamey SM. Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and Biological Evaluation of 5-Hydroxy-2-[18F]fluoroalkyl-tryptophan Analogues as Potential PET Radiotracers for Tumor Imaging. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5324-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Chiotellis
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Müller Herde
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simon L. Rössler
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ante Brekalo
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Erika Gedeonova
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Linjing Mu
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Department of Nuclear
Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D. Krämer
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Blaufox MD. PET Measurement of Renal Glomerular Filtration Rate: Is There a Role in Nuclear Medicine? J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1495-1496. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.174607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|