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Bae SW, Wang J, Georgiou DK, Wen X, Cohen AS, Geng L, Tantawy MN, Manning HC. Feasibility of [ 18F]FSPG PET for Early Response Assessment to Combined Blockade of EGFR and Glutamine Metabolism in Wild-Type KRAS Colorectal Cancer. Tomography 2023; 9:497-508. [PMID: 36961000 PMCID: PMC10037609 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Early response assessment is critical for personalizing cancer therapy. Emerging therapeutic regimens with encouraging results in the wild-type (WT) KRAS colorectal cancer (CRC) setting include inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and glutaminolysis. Towards predicting clinical outcome, this preclinical study evaluated non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) with (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid ([18F]FSPG) in treatment-sensitive and treatment-resistant WT KRAS CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Tumor-bearing mice were imaged with [18F]FSPG PET before and one week following the initiation of treatment with either EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, glutaminase inhibitor therapy, or the combination. Imaging was correlated with tumor volume and histology. In PDX that responded to therapy, [18F]FSPG PET was significantly decreased from baseline at 1-week post-therapy, prior to changes in tumor volume. In contrast, [18F]FSPG PET was not decreased in non-responding PDX. These data suggest that [18F]FSPG PET may serve as an early metric of response to EGFR and glutaminase inhibition in the WT KRAS CRC setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Woo Bae
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dimitra K. Georgiou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allison S. Cohen
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ling Geng
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, AA-1105, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, AA-1105, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mohammed Noor Tantawy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, AA-1105, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ren W, Ji B, Guan Y, Cao L, Ni R. Recent Technical Advances in Accelerating the Clinical Translation of Small Animal Brain Imaging: Hybrid Imaging, Deep Learning, and Transcriptomics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:771982. [PMID: 35402436 PMCID: PMC8987112 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.771982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small animal models play a fundamental role in brain research by deepening the understanding of the physiological functions and mechanisms underlying brain disorders and are thus essential in the development of therapeutic and diagnostic imaging tracers targeting the central nervous system. Advances in structural, functional, and molecular imaging using MRI, PET, fluorescence imaging, and optoacoustic imaging have enabled the interrogation of the rodent brain across a large temporal and spatial resolution scale in a non-invasively manner. However, there are still several major gaps in translating from preclinical brain imaging to the clinical setting. The hindering factors include the following: (1) intrinsic differences between biological species regarding brain size, cell type, protein expression level, and metabolism level and (2) imaging technical barriers regarding the interpretation of image contrast and limited spatiotemporal resolution. To mitigate these factors, single-cell transcriptomics and measures to identify the cellular source of PET tracers have been developed. Meanwhile, hybrid imaging techniques that provide highly complementary anatomical and molecular information are emerging. Furthermore, deep learning-based image analysis has been developed to enhance the quantification and optimization of the imaging protocol. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent developments in small animal neuroimaging toward improved translational power, with a focus on technical improvement including hybrid imaging, data processing, transcriptomics, awake animal imaging, and on-chip pharmacokinetics. We also discuss outstanding challenges in standardization and considerations toward increasing translational power and propose future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwei Ren
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Radiopharmacy and Molecular Imaging, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Shanghai Changes Tech, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Brickute D, Beckley A, Allott L, Braga M, Barnes C, Thorley KJ, Aboagye EO. Synthesis and evaluation of 3'-[ 18F]fluorothymidine-5'-squaryl as a bioisostere of 3'-[ 18F]fluorothymidine-5'-monophosphate. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12423-12433. [PMID: 35423725 PMCID: PMC8696986 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The squaryl moiety has emerged as an important phosphate bioisostere with reportedly greater cell permeability. It has been used in the synthesis of several therapeutic drug molecules including nucleoside and nucleotide analogues but is yet to be evaluated in the context of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We have designed, synthesised and evaluated 3'-[18F]fluorothymidine-5'-squaryl ([18F]SqFLT) as a bioisostere to 3'-[18F]fluorothymidine-5'-monophosphate ([18F]FLTMP) for imaging thymidylate kinase (TMPK) activity. The overall radiochemical yield (RCY) was 6.7 ± 2.5% and radiochemical purity (RCP) was >90%. Biological evaluation in vitro showed low tracer uptake (<0.3% ID mg-1) but significantly discriminated between wildtype HCT116 and CRISPR/Cas9 generated TMPK knockdown HCT116shTMPK-. Evaluation of [18F]SqFLT in HCT116 and HCT116shTMPK- xenograft mouse models showed statistically significant differences in tumour uptake, but lacked an effective tissue retention mechanism, making the radiotracer in its current form unsuitable for PET imaging of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brickute
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital W12 0NN London UK
| | - A Beckley
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital W12 0NN London UK
| | - L Allott
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital W12 0NN London UK
| | - M Braga
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital W12 0NN London UK
| | - C Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital W12 0NN London UK
| | - K J Thorley
- University of Kentucky, Department of Chemistry Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - E O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital W12 0NN London UK
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Seeman MV. The Pharmacodynamics of Antipsychotic Drugs in Women and Men. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:650904. [PMID: 33897500 PMCID: PMC8062799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Animal and human experiments have confirmed sex differences in the expression of hepatic enzymes that metabolize antipsychotic drugs and that may, in this way, be partly responsible for the clinical sex/gender differences observed in the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic treatment. Aim: The aim of this mini review is to synthesize the literature on the pharmacodynamics of male/female differential response to antipsychotic drugs. Method: Relevant search terms were used to search for pre-clinical and human trials and analysis of antipsychotic differential drug response and occurrence/severity of adverse effects in women and men. Results: The search found that sex influences drug response via the amount of a given drug that enters the brain and the number of neurotransmitter receptors to which it can bind. Consequently, sex partly determines the efficacy of a specific drug and its liability to induce unwanted effects. There are other factors that can overshadow or enhance the dimorphic effect of sex, for instance, the host's age, hormonal status, diet and life style as well as the molecular structure of the drug and its dose, and the method of its administration. Most of all, the host's individual genetics affects each step of a drug's pharmacodynamics. Conclusion: On average, women's psychotic symptoms respond to antipsychotic drugs at doses lower than men's. This means that many women may be de facto overdosed and, thus, experience unnecessary adverse effects. That being said, factors such as genetics and age probably determine drug response and tolerability to a greater degree than do biological sex or gender social roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Meunier A, Marignol L. The radiotherapy cancer patient: female inclusive, but male dominated. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:851-856. [PMID: 32162989 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1741720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: The sex-neutral language used in preclinical and clinical research intends to be inclusive of both the female and the male population, but the practice of data pooling prevents the detection of the impact of sex on cancer biology and response to medications and treatment. This study aimed to examine the consideration of sex as biological variable in the evaluation of radiation therapy in preclinical and clinical studies.Methods: Preclinical and clinical studies published over a 12-month period were reviewed for the reporting of cells, animal or patient sex and the inclusion of sex as a biological variable in both study design and data analysis.Results: A total of 321 articles met the inclusion criteria: 41 (13%) preclinical and 280 (87%) clinical studies. Two articles reported separate outcome data for males and females. Where the sex of participants was stated (230/280 (82%), 81% reported a larger number of male participants, compared to females. Less than half (45%) of studies used sex as a variable in data analysis. Sex disparity was not dependent on study location but may be more prominent in certain cancer sites. In preclinical studies, sex was at best stated in those reporting on animals (48% of studies).Conclusion: Referring to a radiotherapy cancer patient, the literature is female inclusive, but a gap does exist when it comes to consideration of sex in data analysis. The pooled analysis of female and male data could introduce statistical biases and prevent the identification of key sex-specific biological subtilities that do affect radiation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Meunier
- Translational Radiation Biology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- Translational Radiation Biology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Leisser A, Lukic K, Nejabat M, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Mayerhöfer M, Karnaikas G, Raderer M, Hacker M, Haug A. Sex-differences in [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC biodistribution. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 76-77:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Novy Z, Stepankova J, Hola M, Flasarova D, Popper M, Petrik M. Preclinical Evaluation of Radiolabeled Peptides for PET Imaging of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132496. [PMID: 31288488 PMCID: PMC6651196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have compared four 68Ga-labeled peptides (three Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and substance-P) with two 18F-tracers clinically approved for tumor imaging. We have studied in vitro and in vivo characteristics of selected radiolabeled tracers in a glioblastoma multiforme tumor model. The in vitro part of the study was mainly focused on the evaluation of radiotracers stability under various conditions. We have also determined in vivo stability of studied 68Ga-radiotracers by analysis of murine urine collected at various time points after injection. The in vivo behavior of tested 68Ga-peptides was evaluated through ex vivo biodistribution studies and PET/CT imaging. The obtained data were compared with clinically used 18F-tracers. 68Ga-RGD peptides showed better imaging properties compared to 18F-tracers, i.e., higher tumor/background ratios and no accumulation in non-target organs except for excretory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Stepankova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hola
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Flasarova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Popper
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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