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Machange JJ, Maasayi MS, Mundi J, Moore J, Muganga JB, Odufuwa OG, Moore SJ, Tenywa FC. Comparison of the Trapping Efficacy of Locally Modified Gravid Aedes Trap and Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap for the Monitoring and Surveillance of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes in Tanzania. INSECTS 2024; 15:401. [PMID: 38921116 PMCID: PMC11204168 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The study assessed the trapping efficacy of locally modified (1) Gravid Aedes Trap (GAT) lined with insecticide-treated net (ITN) as a killing agent and (2) Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) with sticky board in the semi-field system (SFS) and field setting. Fully balanced Latin square experiments were conducted to compare GAT lined with ITN vs. AGO, both with either yeast or grass infusion. Biogent-Sentinel (BGS) with BG-Lure and no CO2 was used as a standard trap for Aedes mosquitoes. In the SFS, GAT outperformed AGO in collecting both nulliparous (65% vs. 49%, OR = 2.22, [95% CI: 1.89-2.60], p < 0.001) and gravid mosquitoes (73% vs. 64%, OR = 1.67, [95% CI: 1.41-1.97], p < 0.001). Similar differences were observed in the field. Yeast and grass infusion did not significantly differ in trapping gravid mosquitoes (OR = 0.91, [95% CI: 0.77-1.07], p = 0.250). The use of ITN improved mosquito recapture from 11% to 70% in the SFS. The same trend was observed in the field. Yeast was chosen for further evaluation in the optimized GAT due to its convenience and bifenthrin net for its resistance management properties. Mosquito density was collected when using 4× GATs relative to BGS-captured gravid mosquitoes 64 vs. 58 (IRR = 0.82, [95% CI: 0.35-1.95], p = 0.658) and showed no density dependence. Deployment of multiple yeast-baited GAT lined with bifenthrin net is cost-effective (single GAT < $8) compared to other traps such as BGS ($160).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Johnson Machange
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Tengeru P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (M.S.M.); (S.J.M.)
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo P.O. Box 74, Tanzania; (J.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.M.); (O.G.O.); (F.C.T.)
| | - Masudi Suleiman Maasayi
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Tengeru P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (M.S.M.); (S.J.M.)
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo P.O. Box 74, Tanzania; (J.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.M.); (O.G.O.); (F.C.T.)
| | - John Mundi
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo P.O. Box 74, Tanzania; (J.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.M.); (O.G.O.); (F.C.T.)
| | - Jason Moore
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo P.O. Box 74, Tanzania; (J.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.M.); (O.G.O.); (F.C.T.)
- Vector Biology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Barnabas Muganga
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo P.O. Box 74, Tanzania; (J.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.M.); (O.G.O.); (F.C.T.)
| | - Olukayode G. Odufuwa
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo P.O. Box 74, Tanzania; (J.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.M.); (O.G.O.); (F.C.T.)
- Vector Biology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sarah J. Moore
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Tengeru P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (M.S.M.); (S.J.M.)
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo P.O. Box 74, Tanzania; (J.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.M.); (O.G.O.); (F.C.T.)
- Vector Biology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Chelestino Tenywa
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo P.O. Box 74, Tanzania; (J.M.); (J.M.); (J.B.M.); (O.G.O.); (F.C.T.)
- Vector Biology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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Patt JM, Makagon A, Norton B, Marvit M, Rutschman P, Neligeorge M, Salesin J. An optical system to detect, surveil, and kill flying insect vectors of human and crop pathogens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8174. [PMID: 38589427 PMCID: PMC11002038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable and effective means to control flying insect vectors are critically needed, especially with widespread insecticide resistance and global climate change. Understanding and controlling vectors requires accurate information about their movement and activity, which is often lacking. The Photonic Fence (PF) is an optical system that uses machine vision, infrared light, and lasers to identify, track, and interdict vectors in flight. The PF examines an insect's outline, flight speed, and other flight parameters and if these match those of a targeted vector species, then a low-power, retina-safe laser kills it. We report on proof-of-concept tests of a large, field-sized PF (30 mL × 3 mH) conducted with Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that transmits dangerous arboviruses, and Diaphorina citri, a psyllid which transmits the fatal huanglongbing disease of citrus. In tests with the laser engaged, < 1% and 3% of A. aegypti and D. citri, respectfully, were recovered versus a 38% and 19% recovery when the lacer was silenced. The PF tracked, but did not intercept the orchid bee, Euglossa dilemma. The system effectively intercepted flying vectors, but not bees, at a distance of 30 m, heralding the use of photonic energy, rather than chemicals, to control flying vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Patt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
| | - Arty Makagon
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Bryan Norton
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Maclen Marvit
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Phillip Rutschman
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Matt Neligeorge
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Jeremy Salesin
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
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Dixon D, Bibbs CS, Autry DL, Banfield M, Xue RDE. Evaluation of Modified Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps for Control of Aedes Aegypti in St. Augustine, Florida. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2024; 40:11-19. [PMID: 38323640 DOI: 10.2987/23-7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is an anthropophilic mosquito that vectors dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGOs) may facilitate the control of container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes and curb arbovirus outbreaks by taking advantage of oviposition-seeking behavior using pesticide-free technology. The AGOs, manufactured by SpringStar Inc., were tested during the summer of 2018 in St. Augustine, FL. A total of 1,718 AGOs were deployed for study in 3 different 40-acre (∼18.2 ha) plots at a density of 5-7 AGOs per house and a coverage of >90% for all AGO test sites. The AGOs were modified using tap water instead of infusion water to reduce the capture of nontarget organisms. Each intervention and reference area was monitored weekly using BioGents Sentinel traps and Sentinel AGOs. Generalized linear mixed models showed that changes to Aedes mosquito populations were more seasonal than treatment driven. Homeowners expressed positivity about traps and believed the traps were both effective and had directly contributed to increased quality of life.
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Bhuvaneswari A, Shriram AN, Raju KHK, Kumar A. Mosquitoes, Lymphatic Filariasis, and Public Health: A Systematic Review of Anopheles and Aedes Surveillance Strategies. Pathogens 2023; 12:1406. [PMID: 38133290 PMCID: PMC10747758 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) affects over 120 million people in 72 countries, with sub-periodic filariasis common in the Pacific. Wuchereria bancrofti has three physiological races, each with a unique microfilarial periodicity, and each race is isolated to a specific geographical region. Sub-periodic W. bancrofti is transmitted by various Aedes mosquito species, with Aedes polynesiensis and Aedes samoanus being the primary vectors in Samoa. The Aedes scutellaris and Aedes kochi groups are also important vectors in the South Pacific Islands. Anopheles species are important vectors of filariasis in rural areas of Asia and Africa. The Anopheles gambiae complex, Anopheles funestus, and the Anopheles punctulatus group are the most important vectors of W. bancrofti. These vectors exhibit indoor nocturnal biting behaviour and breed in a variety of habitats, including freshwater, saltwater, and temporary water bodies. Effective vector surveillance is central to LF control and elimination programs. However, the traditional Human Landing Collection (HLC) method, while valuable, poses ethical concerns and risks to collectors. Therefore, this review critically analyses alternative trapping tools for Aedes and Anopheles vectors in LF-endemic regions. We looked at 14 research publications that discussed W. bancrofti vector trapping methods. Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC), one of the seven traps studied for Anopheles LF vectors, was revealed to be the second most effective strategy after HLC, successfully catching Anopheles vectors in Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, and Burkina Faso. The PSC method has several drawbacks, such as the likelihood of overlooking exophilic mosquitoes or underestimating Anopheles populations. However, exit traps offered hope for capturing exophilic mosquitoes. Anopheles populations could also be sampled using the Anopheles Gravid Trap (AGT). In contrast, the effectiveness of the Double Net Traps (DNT) and the CDC Light Trap (CDC LT) varied. Gravid mosquito traps like the OviArt Gravid Trap (AGT) were shown to be useful tools for identifying endophilic and exophilic vectors during the exploration of novel collection techniques. The Stealth trap (ST) was suggested for sampling Anopheles mosquitoes, although specimen damage may make it difficult to identify the species. Although it needs more confirmation, the Ifakara Tent Trap C design (ITT-C) showed potential for outdoor mosquito sampling in Tanzania. Furvela tent traps successfully captured a variety of Anopheles species and are appropriate for use in a variety of eco-epidemiological settings. By contrast, for Aedes LF vectors, no specific sampling tool was identified for Aedes niveus, necessitating further research and development. However, traps like the Duplex cone trap, Resting Bucket Trap (RB), and Sticky Resting Bucket trap (SRB) proved effective for sampling Aedes albopictus, offering potential alternatives to HLC. This review emphasises the value of looking into alternative trapping methods for Aedes and Anopheles vectors in the LF-endemic region. Further research is required to determine the efficacy of novel collection techniques in various contexts, even if PSC and AGT show promise for sampling Anopheles vectors. The identified traps, along with ongoing research, provide valuable contributions to vector surveillance efforts in LF-endemic regions, enabling LF control and elimination strategies to advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Bhuvaneswari
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India; (A.B.); (K.H.K.R.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Kishan Hari K. Raju
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India; (A.B.); (K.H.K.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research—Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India; (A.B.); (K.H.K.R.); (A.K.)
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 605102, India
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Cilek JE, Weston JR, Johnson CR, Fajardo JD, Richardson AG. Evaluation of various substances and trap component configurations to increase mosquito collections in Biogents Gravid Aedes traps. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2023; 48:37-40. [PMID: 37255357 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-48.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two independent studies were conducted in northeastern Florida to determine if Biogents Gravid Aedes Trap (GAT) mosquito collections could be enhanced with a variety of substances and structural configurations. The first study baited GATs with either: 1) an infusion of mixed Southern live oak leaf (Quercus virginiana) and slash pine needle (Pinus elliottii) litter, 2) Biogents Lure (BG Lure), 3) yeast-derived carbon dioxide), 4) yeast-derived carbon dioxide+ BG Lure, or 5) a combination of all three. Nine mosquito species were collected from traps in the first study with Psorophora ferox>Culex nigripalpus>Aedes aegypti>Cx. quinquefasciatus as the top four most abundantly collected species. No significant difference in mosquito abundance was observed among these species among treatments. However, when the overall number of mosquitoes for all nine species was pooled, GATs baited with the combination of yeast-derived carbon dioxide + BG Lure + leaf infusion numerically collected the greatest number of individuals compared with the other four treatments. The second study evaluated the separate and combined attractiveness of individual GAT structural components/configurations with and without Southern live oak leaf litter infusion and BG-Lure. Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus were collected from all these traps in the second study. Results generally revealed that the current commercially available GAT configuration consisting of a screened translucent top (with BG-Lure) fitted into the black reservoir baited with oak leaf infusion remained the most attractive combination for collecting northeastern Florida mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Cilek
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212,
| | - Joshua R Weston
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212
| | | | - Jason D Fajardo
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212
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Jeannin C, Perrin Y, Cornelie S, Gloria-Soria A, Gauchet JD, Robert V. An alien in Marseille: investigations on a single Aedes aegypti mosquito likely introduced by a merchant ship from tropical Africa to Europe. PARASITE (PARIS, FRANCE) 2022; 29:42. [PMID: 36111976 PMCID: PMC9479680 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Control of invasive species relies partly on permanent surveillance at international points of entry. We report the exceptional trapping of one adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) in the port of Marseille, France, in July 2018, during a routine survey conducted according to International Health Regulations. Morphological and molecular identification classified the specimen as a female Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), vector of many arboviruses, absent from Europe and the Mediterranean rim since the 1950s. A world reference panel of approximately 23,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms determined that the mosquito originated from Cameroon, west Africa. Cross-reference of this geographic location with boats traveling from Central Africa to Marseille during the trapping period suggests that the mosquito travelled within an identified merchant ship, a vehicles carrier connecting Douala, Cameroon to Marseille, France. This ship left Douala on June 25, 2018 and arrived 20 days later in Marseille on July 15. The mosquito was captured 350 m away from the dock. The interception of a propagule of an invasive species is a rare event that must be considered a priority to prevent its successful establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Jeannin
- Entente Interdépartementale pour la Démoustication du littoral Méditerranéen, 165 avenue Paul Rimbaud, 34184 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - Yvon Perrin
- Entente Interdépartementale pour la Démoustication du littoral Méditerranéen, 165 avenue Paul Rimbaud, 34184 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - Sylvie Cornelie
- MIVEGEC unit, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France - IRD-Délégation régionale Occitanie, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8105, United States
| | - Jean-Daniel Gauchet
- Entente Interdépartementale pour la Démoustication du littoral Méditerranéen, 165 avenue Paul Rimbaud, 34184 Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- MIVEGEC unit, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France - IRD-Délégation régionale Occitanie, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Figurskey AC, Hollingsworth B, Doyle MS, Reiskind MH. Effectiveness of autocidal gravid trapping and chemical control in altering abundance and age structure of Aedes albopictus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2931-2939. [PMID: 35417621 PMCID: PMC9321977 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is a nuisance pest mosquito of public health importance commonly managed with adulticides and larvicides. We investigated whether adding Gravid Aedes Traps (GATs), Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps (AGOs) or In2Care traps would extend the effectiveness of chemical control methods in Wake County, North Carolina, USA, by combining barrier sprays and larval habitat management (LHM) with each trap type at suburban households. We compared these three treatment groups to untreated controls and to backyards treated only with barrier sprays and LHM. Once a week, for ten weeks, we collected adult mosquitoes at each house using lure-baited surveillance traps and dissected a portion of Ae. albopictus females to determine parity. RESULTS Barrier sprays and LHM alone or combined with any supplemental autocidal ovitrap significantly reduced female Ae. albopictus through Week 3 post-treatment. GATs significantly extended chemical control effectiveness for the duration of the study. Compared to the untreated control, the AGO and GAT treatment groups had significant overall female Ae. albopictus reductions of 74% and 80.4%, respectively, with populations aging significantly slower at houses treated with AGOs. CONCLUSION This household-level study, though limited in size, observed significant reductions in nuisance Ae. albopictus when combining AGOs and GATs with chemical controls for an eight-week period. Delayed population aging in AGO-treated yards suggests that traps also could mitigate disease transmission risk. Future studies should test these control methods at the neighborhood level to evaluate large-scale effectiveness as well as assess the effect of autocidal ovitraps without chemical intervention. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael S. Doyle
- Division of Public HealthNorth Carolina Department of Health and Human ServicesRaleighNCUSA
| | - Michael H. Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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Eiras AE, Costa LH, Batista-Pereira LG, Paixão KS, Batista EPA. Semi-field assessment of the Gravid Aedes Trap (GAT) with the aim of controlling Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti populations. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250893. [PMID: 33914837 PMCID: PMC8084243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviroses and current approaches to control this vector are not sufficiently effective. Adult traps, such as the BG-Sentinel (BGS), have been successfully used for mosquito surveillance and can also suppress vector populations. A new “passive” trap for gravid Ae. aegypti (Gravid Aedes Trap—GAT) has been shown efficient for Aedes collection and suppress Ae. albopictus populations using mass trapping techniques. Here the GAT was evaluated for the first time as a new tool to control Ae. aegypti in semi-field conditions using simulated outdoor environments (SOE). Two identical large screened chambers inside of a SOE containing different numbers and sizes of artificial breeding sites were used to assess the trapping efficiency of the GAT. One hundred mosquitoes were released into the chambers, and recapture rates evaluated after 48h. The parity status of the captured mosquitoes was also recorded. The number of eggs laid, and breeding productivity were also monitored when using different numbers and sizes of breeding sites. The BGS trap was used here as a control (gold standard) trap to compare capture rates to those of the GAT. The GAT recaptured between 50–65% of the mosquitoes independent of the number and sizes of the breeding sites in the SOEs, whereas the BGS recaptured 60–82% of the females. Both traps showed similar results regarding to the parity status of recaptured mosquitoes. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of GAT for the capture of adult female Ae. aegypti in simulated field environments. The BGS trap recaptured gravid Ae. aegypti before egg-laying in different sizes and number of breading sites, whereas the oviposition activity occurred prior to recapture mosquitoes in the GAT. Based on the results, we believe that GAT is a promising candidate for mass-trapping intervention in urban settings, but a source reduction intervention should be made prior trap deployment. Therefore, we suggest future field studies to confirm the use of GAT as a complementary tool in vector control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro E. Eiras
- Laboratory of Innovation Technologies in Vector Control, Department of Parasitology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Laila H. Costa
- Laboratory of Innovation Technologies in Vector Control, Department of Parasitology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciane G. Batista-Pereira
- Laboratory of Innovation Technologies in Vector Control, Department of Parasitology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kelly S. Paixão
- Laboratory of Innovation Technologies in Vector Control, Department of Parasitology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elis P. A. Batista
- Laboratory of Innovation Technologies in Vector Control, Department of Parasitology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Zhu D, Khater E, Chao S, Dixon D, Bibbs CS, Xue RD. Modifying the autocidal gravid ovitrap (AGO) with a powered suction fan and additional lures to increase the collections of released Aedes aegypti and a natural population of Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2019; 44:282-284. [PMID: 31729800 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhu
- Wuxi Centre For Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Emad Khater
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassiah, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shi Chao
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Dixon
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, U.S.A
| | - Christopher S Bibbs
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, U.S.A
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, U.S.A
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Obregón JA, Ximenez MA, Villalobos EE, de Valdez MRW. Vector Mosquito Surveillance Using Centers For Disease Control and Prevention Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps In San Antonio, Texas. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2019; 35:178-185. [PMID: 31647715 DOI: 10.2987/18-6809.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito surveillance in large urban areas of the southern USA that border Mexico has become increasingly important due to recent transmission of Zika virus and chikungunya virus in the Americas as well as the continued threat of dengue and West Nile viruses. The vectors of these viruses, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, co-occur in residential areas, requiring vector control entities to deploy several different trap types, often expensive and labor-intensive, to surveil these ecologically different species. We evaluated the use of a single trap type, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGOs), to monitor all 3 vector species across residential neighborhoods in San Antonio, TX, over 12 wk (epiweeks 24-35). Mosquito abundance was highest early in our surveillance period (epiweek 25) and was driven largely by Cx. quinquefasciatus. The AGOs collected significantly more Cx. quinquefasciatus than both Aedes species, with more Ae. aegypti collected than Ae. albopictus. The average number of Ae. aegypti captured per trap was consistent across most neighborhoods except for 2 areas where one had significantly the highest and the other with the lowest mosquitoes collected per trap. The average number of Ae. albopictus captured per trap varied with no clear pattern, and Cx. quinquefasciatus were trapped most often near forested hill country neighborhoods. These results indicate that AGOs are appropriate for detecting and tracking the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus across a large and diverse urban landscape over time and therefore may be an inexpensive and streamlined option for vector surveillance programs in large cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Obregón
- Program of Biology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas 78224
| | - Michelle A Ximenez
- Program of Biology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas 78224
| | - Estefany E Villalobos
- Program of Biology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas 78224
| | - Megan R Wise de Valdez
- Program of Biology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas 78224
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Martin E, Medeiros MCI, Carbajal E, Valdez E, Juarez JG, Garcia-Luna S, Salazar A, Qualls WA, Hinojosa S, Borucki MK, Manley HA, Badillo-Vargas IE, Frank M, Hamer GL. Surveillance of Aedes aegypti indoors and outdoors using Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps in South Texas during local transmission of Zika virus, 2016 to 2018. Acta Trop 2019; 192:129-137. [PMID: 30763563 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, has facilitated the re-emergence of dengue virus (DENV) and emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and the Caribbean. The recent transmission of these arboviruses in the continental United States has been limited, to date, to South Florida and South Texas despite Ae. aegypti occurring over a much larger geographical region within the country. The main goal of our study was to provide the first long term longitudinal study of Ae. aegypti and enhance the knowledge about the indoor and outdoor relative abundance of Ae. aegypti as a proxy for mosquito-human contact in South Texas, a region of the United States that is at high risk for mosquito-borne virus transmission. Here, the relative abundance of indoors and outdoors mosquitoes of households in eight different communities was described. Surveillance was done weekly from September 2016 to April 2018 using the CDC Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps in low- and middle-income communities. A total of 69 houses were included in this survey among which 36 were in the low-income communities (n = 11 for Donna, n = 15 for Progresso, n = 5 for Mesquite, n = 5 for Chapa) and 33 in middle-income communities (n = 9 for La Feria, n = 8 for Weslaco, n = 11 for McAllen, and n = 5 for Rio Rico). Overall, Ae. aegypti was the dominant species (59.2% of collections, n = 7255) followed by Culex spp. mosquitoes (27.3% of collections, n = 3350). Furthermore, we demonstrated for Ae. aegypti that 1) outdoor relative abundance was higher compared to indoor relative abundance, 2) low-income communities were associated with an increase in mosquito relative abundance indoors when compared to middle-income communities, 3) no difference was observed in the number of mosquitoes collected outdoors between low-income and middle-income communities, and 4) warmer months were positively correlated with outdoor relative abundance whereas no seasonality was observed in the relative abundance of mosquitoes indoors. Additionally, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected in South Texas were tested using a specific ZIKV/CHIKV multiplex real-time PCR assay, however, none of the mosquitoes tested positive. Our data highlights the occurrence of mosquitoes indoors in the continental United States and that adults are collected nearly every week of the calendar year. These mosquito data, obtained concurrently with local ZIKV transmission of 10 locally acquired cases in nearby communities, represent a baseline for future studies in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) including vector control interventions relying on the oviposition behavior to reduce mosquito populations and pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Martin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Matthew C I Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ester Carbajal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Edwin Valdez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jose G Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Selene Garcia-Luna
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Aaron Salazar
- City of McAllen, Health & Code Compliance Department, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Whitney A Qualls
- Zoonosis Control Branch Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Steven Hinojosa
- Hidalgo County Health and Human Services, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Monica K Borucki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Heather A Manley
- Institute for Infectious Animal Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | | | - Matthias Frank
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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Harwood JF, Rama V, Hash JM, Gordon SW. The Attractiveness of the Gravid Aedes Trap to Dengue Vectors in Fiji. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:481-484. [PMID: 29244174 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Gravid Aedes Trap (GAT) is a passive trap that relies on visual and olfactory cues to lure and capture gravid mosquitoes. The GAT was designed as a dengue vector surveillance tool for use in conditions where power sources are not readily available. Experiments were conducted over a 10-d period in Fiji to determine which species of mosquitoes the GAT would collect, how different infusion types affect the attractiveness of the trap, how long each infusion type took to begin attracting mosquitoes, and how long the infusion was attractive to container breeding Aedes mosquitoes. Infusions were created by adding 10 g of organic material to 2 liters of water. Infusions were made using chicken feed pellets, dried mango leaves (Mangifera indica), and dried lawn grasses (primarily Axonopus spp.). The GAT collected four different vectors Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes polynesiensis Mark (Diptera: Culicidae), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). As observed in previous studies, using some type of organic infusion improved the attractiveness of the trap. Of the three different infusion components tested, chicken feed was most attractive followed by lawn grasses and mango leaves. All infusions performed better than plain water. Chicken feed was found to be most attractive for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus during the first 6 d after placing the traps and for Cx. quinquifasciatus in days 7-9. The mango and grass infusions took longer to attract mosquitoes but were most attractive during days 7-10 for all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Harwood
- Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit 6, Honolulu, HI
| | - Vineshwaran Rama
- National Vector Control Unit, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - John M Hash
- Entomology Department, University of California, Riverside, CA
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Cilek JE, Weston JR, Richardson AG. Comparison of Adult Mosquito Abundance From Biogents-2 Sentinel and Biogents Gravid Aedes Traps In Northeastern Florida. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2017; 33:358-360. [PMID: 29369031 DOI: 10.2987/17-6678.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We compared the efficacy of the Biogents Gravid Aedes Trap (BG-GAT) and Biogents-2 Sentinel (BG2S) trap to assess differences in adult mosquito collection rates between these 2 mosquito surveillance methods in northeastern Florida. Species diversity of trap collections was significantly greater for BG2S than for BG-GAT, with 14 mosquito species collected from the former trap and 4 species from the latter. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were the 2 predominant species collected in both traps. Overall, BG2S traps collected significantly more mosquitoes (in some instances nearly 5 times) than the BG-GAT, regardless of species. There was no significant difference between the 2 traps with respect to gravid status when total species and number of mosquitoes collected were compared. However, at the species level, 8% of Ae. aegypti were gravid from the BG-GAT collections compared with 1% from the BG2S. The number of gravid Cx. quinquefasciatus was also considerably greater (59%) for the BG-GATs than for BG2S traps (2%), but these relationships were not statistically significant due to high variability in collections between traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Cilek
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Box 43, 937 Child Street, Jacksonville, FL 32212
| | - Joshua R Weston
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Box 43, 937 Child Street, Jacksonville, FL 32212
| | - Alec G Richardson
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Box 43, 937 Child Street, Jacksonville, FL 32212
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