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Saberi SA, Cheng D, Nambudiri VE. Antibody-drug conjugates: A review of cutaneous adverse effects. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 91:922-931. [PMID: 39047980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of anticancer agents that combine targeting antibodies with potent cytotoxic agents. Their molecular configuration allows for increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced adverse-effect profiles compared to monoclonal antibodies or cytotoxic chemotherapy alone. ADCs cause off-target toxicities through several mechanisms, including premature deconjugation of the cytotoxic agent in the serum and the presence of the targeted antigen on normal tissues. Given cutaneous adverse events comprise 31.3% of all-grade adverse events in clinical trials involving ADCs, dermatologists are increasingly called upon to manage the cutaneous toxicities caused by these drugs. In this review, we summarize known cutaneous toxicities of the ADCs that have been approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration to date. Dermatologists can play a key role in recognizing cutaneous reactions associated with ADCs, contributing to guidelines for their management, and aiding during clinical trials to generate detailed morphologic and histopathologic descriptions of cutaneous toxicities caused by ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin A Saberi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Debby Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vinod E Nambudiri
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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2
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Liu D, Mao W, Hu B, Li X, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Hu J. A real-world pharmacovigilance study of polatuzumab vedotin based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405023. [PMID: 38983914 PMCID: PMC11231375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polatuzumab vedotin, the first FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD79b, is utilized in the treatment of previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), as well as relapsed or refractory (R/R) DLBCL. Despite its approval, concerns persist regarding the long-term safety profile of polatuzumab vedotin. This study aims to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) associated with polatuzumab vedotin since its approval in 2019, utilizing data mining strategies applied to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods Signal detection employed four methodologies, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and multi-item gamma poisson shrinker (MGPS), to evaluate and quantify the signals of polatuzumab vedotin-associated AEs. Additionally, subgroup analyses based on patients age, gender, and fatal cases were conducted to investigate AEs occurrences in specific subpopulations. Results A total of 1,521 reports listing polatuzumab vedotin as a "principal suspect (PS)" drug were collected from the FAERS database. Through concurrent compliance with four algorithms, 19 significant Standardized MedDRA Query (SMQ) AEs and 92 significant Preferred Term (PT) AEs were detected. Subgroup analyses revealed a higher incidence of PTs in male patients compared to female patients, increased likelihood of polatuzumab vedotin-associated AEs in elder patients (>65 years), and AEs with a high risk of fatal cases include: blood lactate dehydrogenase increased, cytopenia, and hydronephrosis. The median time to AEs occurrence following polatuzumab vedotin initiation was 18.5 (5∼57.75) days, with 95% of AEs occurred within 162 days. Conclusion This study identified various AEs associated with polatuzumab vedotin, offering critical insights for clinical monitoring and risk identification in patients receiving polatuzumab vedotin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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3
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Flowers CR, Matasar MJ, Herrera AF, Hertzberg M, Assouline S, Demeter J, McMillan A, Mehta A, Opat S, Trnňný M, Musick L, Hirata J, Yang A, Sehn LH. Polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab or obinutuzumab in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: a phase Ib/II study. Haematologica 2024; 109:1194-1205. [PMID: 37767550 PMCID: PMC10985435 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common type of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite treatment advances that have improved outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) FL, many patients still die from progressive disease or treatment-related toxicities. In the phase Ib/II GO29365 study (clinicaltrials.gov 02257567), the safety and efficacy of polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab (Pola-BR) versus bendamustine and rituximab (BR) alone, and polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and obinutuzumab (Pola-BG) as a single-arm cohort were evaluated in patients with R/R FL. Following the phase Ib safety run-in, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive Pola-BR or BR alone in the phase II stage; a separate non-randomized Pola-BG cohort was examined in the phase Ib/II expansion stage. Primary endpoints included safety and tolerability (phase Ib) and positron emission tomography complete response (PET-CR) rate by independent review committee (phase II). Overall, 112 patients were enrolled (phase Ib safety run-in: Pola-BR, N=6; phase II randomized cohort: Pola-BR, N=39; BR, N=41; phase Ib/II expansion cohort: Pola-BG, N=26). PET-CR rates were 66.7% (phase Ib safety run-in, Pola-BR); 69.2% (phase II randomized, Pola-BR); 63.4% (phase II randomized, BR); and 65.4% (phase Ib/II expansion Pola-BG). There was a higher occurrence of cytopenias with Pola-BR and Pola-BG than with BR; serious adverse events were more frequent with Pola-BR (61.4%) and Pola-BG (46.2%) than with BR (29.3%). Overall, this analysis does not demonstrate a benefit of adding Pola to BR or BG regimens for patients with R/R FL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew McMillan
- Center for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham
| | | | - Stephen Opat
- Clinical Haematology, Monash Health and Monash University, Clayton
| | - Marek Trnňný
- Charles University General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Annie Yang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Laurie H Sehn
- BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer and The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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4
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Al Musaimi O. Peptide Therapeutics: Unveiling the Potential against Cancer-A Journey through 1989. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1032. [PMID: 38473389 PMCID: PMC11326481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a plethora of peptide-based drugs as effective drugs in cancer therapy. Peptides possess high specificity, permeability, target engagement, and a tolerable safety profile. They exhibit selective binding with cell surface receptors and proteins, functioning as agonists or antagonists. They also serve as imaging agents for diagnostic applications or can serve a dual-purpose as both diagnostic and therapeutic (theragnostic) agents. Therefore, they have been exploited in various forms, including linkers, peptide conjugates, and payloads. In this review, the FDA-approved prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) peptide antagonists, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), somatostatin analogs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs, and other peptide-based anticancer drugs are analyzed in terms of their chemical structures and properties, therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, development journey, administration routes, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al Musaimi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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5
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Kato K, Sugio T, Ikeda T, Yoshitsugu K, Miyazaki K, Suzumiya J, Yamamoto G, Kim SW, Ikegame K, Uehara Y, Mori Y, Ishikawa J, Hiramoto N, Eto T, Nakazawa H, Kobayashi H, Serizawa K, Onizuka M, Fukuda T, Atsuta Y, Suzuki R. Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:306-314. [PMID: 38102209 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a currative treatment modality for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) because of the intrinsic graft-versus-lymphoma effect. However, limited information is available regarding which patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL are likely to benefit from allo-HSCT. We retrospectively analyzed data from 1268 DLBCL patients who received allo-HSCT. The overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 30.3% and 21.6% at 3 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that stable or progressive disease at transplantation, male patient, poorer performance status at transplantation, and shorter intervals from previous transplantation were associated independently with a lower PFS. Four prognostic factors were used to construct a prognostic index for PFS, predicting 3-year PFS of 55.4%, 43.7%, 20.4% and 6.6%, respectively. The prognostic model predicted relapse rates following allo-HSCT accordingly (P < 0.0001), whereas did not predict transplantation-related mortality (P = 0.249). The prognostic index can identify a subgroup of DLBCL patients who benefit from allo-HSCT and it is worthwhile to evaluate whether this model is also applicable to patients undergoing allo-HSCT in cases of relapse after chimeric antigen receptor engineered T-cell therapy, although the application of allo-HSCT has been declining with the increase of novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kato
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Sugio
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshitsugu
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kana Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Junji Suzumiya
- Department of Hematology, Koga Community Hospital, Yaizu, Japan
| | - Go Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikegame
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Uehara
- Department of Hematology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hiramoto
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Eto
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakazawa
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kentaro Serizawa
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Onizuka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Registry Science for Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ritsuro Suzuki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Abdur Raqib M, Haseeb A, Shafique MA, Fadlalla Ahmed TK, Mustafa MS. Advances in Polatuzumab Vedotin-PIIQ Therapy: A Review of Treatment Efficacy in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma and High-Grade B Cell Lymphoma. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2023; 14:323-331. [PMID: 37867604 PMCID: PMC10589404 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s429252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polatuzumab vedotin (PV) is an antibody-drug conjugate that has shown promising results in the treatment of diffuse B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBCL). This abstract summarizes the current understanding of PV's use in these malignancies based on available clinical data. Multiple clinical trials have evaluated PV as a part of combination therapy regimens in relapsed/refractory DLBCL and HGBCL. The pivotal Phase II study, GO29365, demonstrated that PV in combination with bendamustine and rituximab (BR) significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival compared to BR alone in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL who ineligible for stem cell transplantation were. Subsequently, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to PV in this setting. PV's mechanism of action involves targeting CD79b, a cell surface receptor expressed in B-cell malignancies, and delivering the cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E to CD79b-expressing cells. This approach enhances the selective killing of cancer cells while sparing normal cells. The safety profile of PV is generally manageable, with adverse events including infusion-related reactions, cytopenia, peripheral neuropathy, and infections. Overall, PV has emerged as a valuable treatment option for patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL and HGBCL, offering improved outcomes when combined with appropriate chemotherapy regimens. Ongoing research and clinical trials are further exploring PV's potential in various treatment settings, including frontline therapy and in combination with other novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moosa Abdur Raqib
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Marine Cyanobacteria as Sources of Lead Anticancer Compounds: A Review of Families of Metabolites with Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative, and Antineoplastic Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154814. [PMID: 35956762 PMCID: PMC9369884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is highly diverse, each living creature fighting to establish and proliferate. Among marine organisms, cyanobacteria are astounding secondary metabolite producers representing a wonderful source of biologically active molecules aimed to communicate, defend from predators, or compete. Studies on these molecules’ origins and activities have been systematic, although much is still to be discovered. Their broad chemical diversity results from integrating peptide and polyketide synthetases and synthases, along with cascades of biosynthetic transformations resulting in new chemical structures. Cyanobacteria are glycolipid, macrolide, peptide, and polyketide producers, and to date, hundreds of these molecules have been isolated and tested. Many of these compounds have demonstrated important bioactivities such as cytotoxicity, antineoplastic, and antiproliferative activity with potential pharmacological uses. Some are currently under clinical investigation. Additionally, conventional chemotherapeutic treatments include drugs with a well-known range of side effects, making anticancer drug research from new sources, such as marine cyanobacteria, necessary. This review is focused on the anticancer bioactivities of metabolites produced by marine cyanobacteria, emphasizing the identification of each variant of the metabolite family, their chemical structures, and the mechanisms of action underlying their biological and pharmacological activities.
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8
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Atallah-Yunes SA, Robertson MJ, Davé UP, Ghione P, Perna F. Novel Immune-Based treatments for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: The Post-CAR T Cell Era. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901365. [PMID: 35720352 PMCID: PMC9198279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis for patients with refractory/relapsed (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is poor. Immune-based therapeutic treatments such as CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have dramatically changed the treatment landscape for R/R DLBCL leading to durable remissions in ~ 50% of patients. However, there remains an unmet need for developing novel therapies to improve clinical outcomes of patients not responding or relapsing after CAR T cell therapies. Lack of suitable immunotherapeutic targets and disease heterogeneity represent the foremost challenges in this emerging field. In this review, we discuss the recently approved and emerging novel immunotherapies for patients with R/R DLBCL in the post-CAR T era and the cell surface targets currently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Utpal P Davé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Paola Ghione
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Zengarini C, Misciali C, Robuffo S, Piraccini BM, Pileri A. Who is the culprit? A Toxic epidermal necrolysis case in a patient treated with rituximab plus polatuzumab. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e782-e783. [PMID: 35607916 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Zengarini
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cosimo Misciali
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Robuffo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Atallah-Yunes SA, Robertson MJ. Current and emerging monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies in treatment of lymphoma. Leuk Res Rep 2022; 17:100319. [PMID: 35539019 PMCID: PMC9079244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2022.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement in outcomes seen with the introduction of rituximab, a CD20 monoclonal antibody in combination with chemotherapy or as a single agent in the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas has paved the way for development of various forms of monoclonal antibodies that act in different ways against non-Hodgkin lymphoma tumor cells. These could directly target a single surface antigen resulting in various ways of tumor cells toxicity and killing. Other forms of monoclonal antibodies include antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies. The role of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of lymphoma will be reviewed, highlighting their mode of action, clinical efficacy, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology – Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael J. Robertson
- Lymphoma Program, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology – Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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