Time to Take Sleeping Pills and Subjective Satisfaction among Cancer Patients

Changes in Insomnia Severity are Associated With the Changes in Discrepancy Between Desired Time in Bed and Desired Total Sleep Time Among the General Population

OBJECTIVE

The discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time (DBST index) is correlated with the severity of insomnia among the general population. This study aimed to explore whether the change in DBST index is associated with changes in insomnia severity.

METHODS

The study was conducted as a single source tracking online survey among the general population. The first survey (T1) was completed by all 399 participants, and the second survey (T2) was completed by 233 participants 5-6 weeks after the T1 survey with a simple instruction of reducing the DBST index. Participants' age, sex, marital status, past psychiatric history, and sleep patterns were collected. In addition to the DBST index, the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep-2 items (DBS-2), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were rated.

RESULTS

The change in the ISI (T1-T2) was significantly correlated with the changes in the GSES (r=0.24, p<0.001), DBS-2 (r=0.22, p<0.001), and DBST index (r=0.15, p=0.020). The change in insomnia severity was expected with change in the GSES (β=0.23, p<0.001), DBS-2 (β=0.20, p=0.002), and DBST index (β=0.13, p=0.037). Mediation analysis showed that change in DBST index directly influenced change in insomnia severity and change in GSES or DBS-2 did not mediate the relationship.

CONCLUSION

Changing the DBST index can be a simple way to reduce insomnia severity among the general population.

Discrepancy Between Desired Time in Bed and Desired Total Sleep Time, Insomnia, Depression, and Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep Among the General Population

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the factors that can influence the severity of insomnia in the general population. We also aimed to examine whether sleep effort mediates the association between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep or the discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time (DBST) and insomnia severity in individuals.

METHODS

A total of 387 participants enrolled in this e-survey study. The symptoms were rated using the insomnia severity index (ISI), Patients Health Questionnaire-9 items, Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep-2 items, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale, and Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items. In addition, we defined a new sleep index named the DBST index. A linear regression analysis was performed to explore the factors predicting ISI scores, and mediation analysis was implemented to explore whether persistent preoccupation with sleep mediated the influence of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and DBST on insomnia severity.

RESULTS

A linear regression analysis investigated depression (β=0.17, p<0.001), sleep effort (β=0.50, p<0.001), dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (β=0.13, p=0.001), and DBST (β=0.09, p=0.014) (adjusted R2=0.50, F=65.7, p<0.001). Additionally, we observed that persistent preoccupation with sleep partially mediated the influence of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and DBST on insomnia severity.

CONCLUSION

Depression, preoccupation with sleep, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, and DBST influenced the insomnia severity of the general population. We also observed that a persistent preoccupation with sleep partially mediated the influence of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and the DBST index on insomnia severity.