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Liu N, Bauer M, Press AT. The immunological function of CXCR2 in the liver during sepsis. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:23. [DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The chemokine receptor CXCR2 and its ligands, especially CXCL8, are crucial mediators for the progression of liver inflammation and liver failure in sepsis. Neutrophils have the highest CXCR2 expression in mice and humans, and their activation via CXCL8 facilitates their migration to the inflamed liver for the clearance of the pathogens and, in turn, the inflammation.
Main body
In sepsis, the inflammatory insult causes extensive neutrophil migration to the liver that overwhelms the immune response. To compensate for the strong receptor activation, CXCR2 desensitizes, incapacitating the immune cells to efficiently clear pathogens, causing further life-threatening liver damage and uncontrolled pathogen spread.
Conclusion
CXCR2 function during infection strongly depends on the expressing cell type. It signals pro- and anti-inflammatory effects that may prompt novel cell-type-specific CXCR2-directed therapeutics.
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Tian Z, Shofer FS, Sandroni AZ, Zhao L, Scanzello CR, Zhang Y. Expression of Human Interleukin 8 in Mice Alters Their Natural Behaviors. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2413-2424. [PMID: 35444450 PMCID: PMC9013918 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of human interleukin (IL) 8 expression on mouse behavior. Methods A mouse line expressing human IL8 in the intervertebral discs (IVD) and cartilaginous tissues (hIL8+ ) was generated. Mouse spontaneous behaviors, including locomotion, climbing, rearing, grooming, eating, drinking, and immobility were recorded with a fully automatic, non-invasive platform. Results Distance traveled by the hIL8+ mice declined with age compared with control littermates, and male hIL8+ mice traveled a shorter distance than male controls and females of either genotype (p <0.05). The hIL8+ mice also spent less time in locomotion than control mice (p <0.01), and male hIL8+ mice spent the least amount of time and had lowest count in locomotion compared with the other 3 groups at 12 weeks of age or greater (p <0.05). The hIL8+ mice spent less time climbing than controls, and male mice spent less time climbing than female mice of the same genotype (p <0.01). The hIL8+ mice spent more time eating and less time drinking than controls, and all mice spent less time eating and more time drinking with increasing age. Finally, hIL8+ mice spent more time immobile than controls, and male hIL8+ mice spent more time immobile than any other group (p <0.05). Conclusion The hIL8+ mice, especially hIL8+ males, showed reduced ambulation and climbing. Mice showed age-related decrease in eating and increase in drinking and grooming time that was also influenced by expression of hIL8. These changes in natural behaviors in control mice are consistent with functional decline with age. Effects of hIL8 superimposed on the natural aging process could involve systemic (e.g., on the brain) and local (e.g., in the spine and joint tissues) mechanisms. Future exploration of these mechanisms might be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhen Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alec Z Sandroni
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Section of Rheumatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Section of Rehabilitation Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Correspondence: Yejia Zhang, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Email ;
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Drevet S, Favier B, Brun E, Gavazzi G, Lardy B. Mouse Models of Osteoarthritis: A Summary of Models and Outcomes Assessment. Comp Med 2022; 72:3-13. [PMID: 34986927 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multidimensional health problem and a common chronic disease. It has a substantial impact onpatient quality of life and is a common cause of pain and mobility issues in older adults. The functional limitations, lack of curative treatments, and cost to society all demonstrate the need for translational and clinical research. The use of OA models in mice is important for achieving a better understanding of the disease. Models with clinical relevance are needed to achieve 2 main goals: to assess the impact of the OA disease (pain and function) and to study the efficacy of potential treatments. However, few OA models include practical strategies for functional assessment of the mice. OA signs in mice incorporate complex interrelations between pain and dysfunction. The current review provides a comprehensive compilation of mousemodels of OA and animal evaluations that include static and dynamic clinical assessment of the mice, merging evaluationof pain and function by using automatic and noninvasive techniques. These new techniques allow simultaneous recordingof spontaneous activity from thousands of home cages and also monitor environment conditions. Technologies such as videographyand computational approaches can also be used to improve pain assessment in rodents but these new tools must first be validated experimentally. An example of a new tool is the digital ventilated cage, which is an automated home-cage monitor that records spontaneous activity in the cages.
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Song N, Xie P, Shen W, Oh H, Zhang Y, Vitale F, Javanmard M, Allen MG. A microwell-based impedance sensor on an insertable microneedle for real-time in vivo cytokine detection. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:96. [PMID: 34900330 PMCID: PMC8626445 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Impedance-based protein detection sensors for point-of-care diagnostics require quantitative specificity, as well as rapid or real-time operation. Furthermore, microfabrication of these sensors can lead to the formation of factors suitable for in vivo operation. Herein, we present microfabricated needle-shaped microwell impedance sensors for rapid-sample-to-answer, label-free detection of cytokines, and other biomarkers. The microneedle form factor allows sensors to be utilized in transcutaneous or transvascular sensing applications. In vitro, experimental characterization confirmed sensor specificity and sensitivity to multiple proteins of interest. Mechanical characterization demonstrated sufficient microneedle robustness for transcutaneous insertion, as well as preserved sensor function postinsertion. We further utilized these sensors to carry out real-time in vivo quantification of human interleukin 8 (hIL8) concentration levels in the blood of transgenic mice that endogenously express hIL8. To assess sensor functionality, hIL8 concentration levels in serum samples from the same mice were quantified by ELISA. Excellent agreement between real-time in vivo sensor readings in blood and subsequent ELISA serum assays was observed over multiple transgenic mice expressing hIL8 concentrations from 62 pg/mL to 539 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Pengfei Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hanju Oh
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Mark G. Allen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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