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Farias J, Vieira LM, Almeida ACS. Revealing the diversity of Parasmittina Osburn, 1952 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) from the Southwest Atlantic: Species complexes, non-native and new species. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304347. [PMID: 39116053 PMCID: PMC11309475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasmittina is the most representative cheilostome genus of the family Smittinidae, often reported in the fouling non-indigenous marine community. Here, we present a review of Parasmittina species reported in the Southwestern Atlantic including the characterization of one species from Argentina (P. dubitata) and ten from the Brazilian coast: P. abrolhosensis, P. alba, P. bimucronata, P. ligulata comb. nov., P. longirostrata, P. pinctatae, P. serrula, P. simpulata, P. winstonae and the new species Parasmittina falciformis sp. nov. The new species is characterized by a smooth distally primary orifice with 1-2 oral spines, large lyrula, serrated condyles with hooked tips, and two types of avicularia-small and subtriangular and large sublanceolate. This study does not recognize four species previous recorded in Brazil: reports of P. betamorphaea and P. trispinosa are now assigned to P. pinctatae; records of P. munita belong to P. falciformis sp. nov.; and reports of P. spathulata encompass at least two taxa, including P. abrolhosensis and P. simpulata. In this study, five species complexes (P. alba, P. longirostrata, P. serrula, P. simpulata and P. winstonae) were identified and require further investigations. While six species characterized here were first described based on specimens from the Southwestern Atlantic (P. abrolhosensis, P. alba, P. dubitata, P. ligulata comb. nov., P. simpulata and P. falciformis sp. nov.), the remaining species are mainly known from the Indo-Pacific. These taxa are here recognized as exotic (P. longirostrata) and cryptogenic (P. bimucronata, P. pinctatae, P. serrula and P. winstonae) in the studied area. Most of the non-native taxa are widespread along the Brazilian coast, growing on both artificial and natural surfaces, indicating that they are well-established in the area. As non-native bryozoans can negatively influence the environment, affecting human economic activities and beach usage, further studies on the fauna presented here are suggested to determine the origin of these taxa and help prevent bioinvasion events along the SW Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile Farias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Museu de História Natural da Bahia, Setor da Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa–LAEBry, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Leandro M. Vieira
- Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa–LAEBry, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Scientific Associate of the Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana C. S. Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Museu de História Natural da Bahia, Setor da Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa–LAEBry, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Randi CB, Becker AC, Willemes MJ, Perry CT, Salgado LT, Tomazetto de Carvalho R, Motta FS, Leão de Moura R, Coreixas de Moraes F, Pereira-Filho GH. Calcium carbonate production in the southernmost subtropical Atlantic coral reef. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 172:105490. [PMID: 34628146 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence have been supporting the idea that the better known South Atlantic coral reefs (located between 18°S and 24°S) are now essentially senescent structures that have experienced little or no additional vertical reef growth over the past millennia. This has often coincided with a shift to a dominance of non-coral calcifying organisms becoming the main CaCO3 producers in these high latitude and marginal marine settings. Here, we used Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) and census-based methods to measure non-coral rates of CaCO3 production on the geologically senescent reef and adjacent rhodolith beds within the southernmost subtropical Atlantic reef (i.e., Queimada Grande Reef, QGR). The reef habitat is currently producing CaCO3 at rates of ∼126 g m-2 yr-1. In contrast, fragments of dead corals skeletons deposited adjacent to the reef over the last ∼2000 years are now colonized by crustose coralline red algae. These form a rhodolith bed that produces CaCO3 at rates of 858 g m-2 yr-1. Our results indicate that, whilst not sufficient to promote active net framework accumulation, CaCO3 production by coralline algae and bryozoans on the QGR appears to be sufficient to at least limit net large-scale erosion of the underlying reef structure, allowing the reef structure to persist in a state close to budgetary stasis. Finally, our results are also of relevance for providing insights regarding the balance of CaCO3 production/dissolution/erosion processes in coral reefs, especially in these less understood marginal reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Randi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, 110-070, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Becker
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, 110-070, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Willemes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Chris T Perry
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Leonardo Tavares Salgado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio S Motta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, 110-070, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Leão de Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coreixas de Moraes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil; Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme H Pereira-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, 110-070, Brazil.
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Almeida ACS, Souza FBC, Vieira LM, Nogueira MM. Influence of depth on bryozoan richness and distribution from the continental shelf of the northern coast of Bahia State, north-eastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191096. [PMID: 33263662 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological and abiotic processes influence ecosystem structure and species distribution. For bryozoan assemblages, depth, substratum and habitat structure are among the main factors influencing their distribution. Ecological studies on bryozoan fauna from Brazil are scarce and factors affecting the distribution and/or diversity of this common group are obscure. Here we attempted to verify the influence of bathymetry on bryozoan richness on the north shore of Bahia State, north-eastern Brazil. We identified 57 bryozoan taxa, comprising 35 families and 50 genera, all belonging to the Cheilostomata. Retevirgula multipunctata Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014 and Tetraplaria dichotoma (Osburn, 1914) and the genus Aimulosia Jullien, 1888 were recorded for the first time from Bahia State. Species growing as encrusting sheets were dominant at all depths. There was a significant difference in richness among samples at different depths, with highest values of richness at 40 meters (Kruskal-Wallis Test). Analysis of similarities revealed a significant difference among the bryozoan assemblages, mainly when comparing assemblages from 10 and 20 meters with deeper ones. Also, shallower assemblages composition varied much than assemblages from 30 and 40 meters. Since depth is a proxy for several environmental parameters, further studies are needed to identify other factors influencing bryozoan distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C S Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa (LAEBry), Centro de Biociências, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n, Departamento de Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, 50670-810 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Grupo de Estudos Sistemática, Ecologia e Biologia de Bryozoa, Museu de História Natural, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, S/N, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Facelucia B C Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Grupo de Estudos Sistemática, Ecologia e Biologia de Bryozoa, Museu de História Natural, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, S/N, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Leandro M Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa (LAEBry), Centro de Biociências, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n, Departamento de Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, 50670-810 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcos M Nogueira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Grupo de Estudos Sistemática, Ecologia e Biologia de Bryozoa, Museu de História Natural, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, S/N, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Schack CR, Gordon DP, Ryan KG. Modularity is the mother of invention: a review of polymorphism in bryozoans. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:773-809. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolann R. Schack
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of Wellington PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, 6021 New Zealand
| | - Dennis P. Gordon
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, 6021 New Zealand
| | - Ken G. Ryan
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of Wellington PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
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Almeida AC, Souza FB, Vieira LM. A new species of Cellaria (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from northeastern Brazil, with a tabular identification key to the Atlantic species. ZOOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.35.e24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new species of the erect cheilostome bryozoanCellariaEllis & Solander, 1786 is described from Bahia, NE Brazil.Cellaria oraneaesp. nov. is the first formally characterized species of the genus reported from Northeastern coast of Brazil, distinguished from all congeners by the combination of hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, hexagonal interzooidal avicularium with sagittate foramen, completely immersed ovicell with oval aperture and proximal rectangular lip. A brief discussion of the diversity ofCellariafrom the Atlantic Ocean and a tabular identification key to these species are also provided.
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