Determinants of change in paternal smoking trends during pregnancy in Lebanon

Smoking during pregnancy: changes and associated risk factors in Spain, 1980-2016

BACKGROUND

Trends for maternal smoking rates have varied substantially across industrialized countries. The objective was to describe how the prevalence of maternal smoking evolved in Spain during 1980-2016.

METHODS

Data came from the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. Our sample consisted of 40 934 mothers of newborns with no congenital defects from hospitals all across Spain. We estimated change points in trend and the mean annual change in smoking prevalence using 'joinpoint' regression. Relevant potential factors (age, country of birth, education, parity, planned pregnancy and alcohol consumption) were examined using multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS

Maternal smoking prevalence in 1980 and 2016 were 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.9-17.0) and 20.4% (95% CI: 15.9-25.8). We identified four periods with distinct trends: a sharp increase during the 80s, a plateau during the 90s, a decrease starting in 2000 and a slowdown of such decrease from 2009 on. Smoking was significantly higher among young women, Spain-born, with low education, unplanned pregnancy, and alcohol consumption.

CONCLUSIONS

Currently in Spain maternal smoking remains very high. Tobacco consumption trend showed an increase during the 80s, a plateau during the 90s, and a reduction in the 2000s. Several sociodemographic and behavioural factors were associated to greater likelihood of smoking.

Masculinity and Fatherhood: New Fathers' Perceptions of Their Female Partners' Efforts to Assist Them to Reduce or Quit Smoking

Health promotion initiatives to reduce smoking among parents have focused almost exclusively on women to support their cessation during pregnancy and postpartum, while overlooking the importance of fathers' smoking cessation. This study was a secondary analysis of in-depth interviews with 20 new and expectant fathers to identify how they perceived their female partners' efforts to assist them to reduce or quit smoking. Social constructionist gender frameworks were used to theorize and develop the findings. Three key themes were identified: support and autonomy in men's smoking cessation, perception of challenging men's freedom to smoke, and contempt for men's continued smoking. The findings suggest that shifts in masculinities as men take up fathering should be considered in designing smoking cessation interventions for fathers.