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Luka B, Duerrschnabel A, Neumaier S, Schlueter N, Vach K. Interaction between Hexametaphosphate, Other Active Ingredients of Toothpastes, and Erosion-Abrasion in Enamel in vitro. Caries Res 2023; 57:265-275. [PMID: 37725923 PMCID: PMC10641800 DOI: 10.1159/000534057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) as toothpaste additive is claimed to reduce erosive tooth wear and to stabilize stannous ions. However, little is known about the impact of concentration and its interactions with fluoride (F) or stannous+fluoride ions (F/Sn) on enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion. In a 10 day cyclic in vitro erosion-abrasion model, 320 flat human enamel specimens were divided into ten groups (n = 32 each) and daily subjected to six erosive challenges (0.5% citric acid, 2 min) and two toothpaste suspension applications (2 min, 1:3 F-free toothpaste:mineral-salt solution, 0.23% sodium gluconate). Half of specimens per group were additionally brushed twice/day (200 g, 15 s) during suspension immersion. Nine suspensions contained HMP (0.25%, 1.75%, 3.25%), either on its own or combined with F (373 ppm F-) or F/Sn (800 ppm Sn2+, 373 ppm F-). One suspension contained sodium gluconate only (NegContr). After 10 days, specimens' surfaces were analysed with profilometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Tissue loss (µm, mean ± standard deviation) in NegContr was 10.9 ± 2.0 (erosion), 22.2 ± 1.6 (erosion-abrasion). Under erosive conditions, only 0.25% HMP in any combination and 1.75% HMP with F/Sn reduced loss significantly (-28% to -54%); 3.25% HMP without F and F/Sn increased loss significantly (+35%). With additional abrasion, no suspension reduced loss significantly compared to NegContr, instead, in groups without F and F/Sn or with 3.25% HMP loss was increased (+15% to +30%). Conclusively, at higher concentrations, HMP increased erosive tooth wear and seemed to reduce anti-erosive effects of fluoride and stannous ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Luka
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Duerrschnabel
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sina Neumaier
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Jiemkim A, Tharapiwattananon T, Songsiripradubboon S. Combined use of stannous fluoride-containing mouth rinse and toothpaste prevents enamel erosion in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5189-5201. [PMID: 37432505 PMCID: PMC10492772 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the protective effect of commercial stannous-containing mouth rinses on enamel erosion in a simulated 5-day in vitro cycling model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 81 human enamel specimens were embedded in resin blocks and divided into nine groups as follows; group 1: stannous fluoride (1000SnF2) toothpaste; groups 2,3, and 4 were the same as group 1 plus Elmex®, PerioMed™, and Meridol®, respectively, group 5: stannous fluoride (1450SnF2) toothpaste, groups 6, 7, and 8 were the same as group 5 plus Elmex®, PerioMed™, and Meridol®, respectively, group 9: negative control. An erosive challenge was induced with a 1 min hydrochloric acid (0.01 M, pH 2.2) treatment 3 times per day. Each cycle included immersing in the toothpaste slurry twice for two minutes and a one-minute rinse. The enamel slabs were immersed in artificial saliva between each erosive cycle and incubated overnight at 37 °C. Surface hardness loss and enamel loss were determined by Knoop surface hardness and non-contact profilometry, respectively. Finally, enamel surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). RESULTS All three mouth rinses had similar protective effects against erosion when using adjunct with 1000 SnF2 toothpaste (p > 0.05). With 1450 SnF2 toothpaste, Elmex® presented significantly lower surface hardness loss than Meridol® (p < 0.05). The combined use of Elmex® or PerioMed™ with toothpaste provided significantly better erosion protection than toothpaste alone, either 1000 or 1450 SnF2. In addition, 1000SnF2 toothpaste adjunct with mouth rinse is comparable to 1450 SnF2 toothpaste alone in preventing enamel erosion. CONCLUSION All three mouth rinses reduced enamel erosion. The additional use of a high concentration stannous containing mouth rinse with 1450 SnF2 toothpaste increases the protective effect against enamel erosion in vitro. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE To date, no standard protocol for preventing dental erosion is available. There are three stannous-containing mouth rinses on the market; however, no study compared their efficacy or indicated whether using adjuncts with anti-erosion toothpaste provides additional benefits. This study found that adding stannous mouth rinse to twice-daily toothpaste increases erosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Jiemkim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri Dunant, Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thipawan Tharapiwattananon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri Dunant, Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Songsiripradubboon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri Dunant, Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Monteiro G, Barros APO, Fernandes GCS, Jassé FFDA, Kuga MC, Alencar CDM. Anti-erosion effect of an experimental varnish on eroded dentin. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:94-100. [PMID: 37466531 PMCID: PMC10355270 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the effect of an experimental varnish containing 20% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) associated with 5% stannous chloride (SnCl2) against erosive-abrasive wear on bovine dentin. Samples of bovine cervical dentin were pre-eroded (0.3% citric acid, pH 2.6 for 10 minutes) and randomized into 4 groups (n=10): Control group - experimental varnish without active ingredient (CG); experimental varnish containing 20% nHAP (nHG); experimental varnish containing 5% SnCl2 (24.800 ppm Sn2+) (SnG); experimental varnish containing 20% nHAP associated with 5% SnCl2 (18.300 ppm Sn2+) (nHSnG). After applying the materials, the erosive-abrasive challenges were performed for five days. Erosive dentin loss and analysis of the pattern of dentinal obliteration were performed by 3D confocal laser microscopy. A one-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test was performed to analyze the data (α=0.05). The SnG and nHSnG experimental groups presented more effectiveness in preventing erosive wear when compared to the other groups (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the SnG and nHSnG groups (p = 0.731) in tooth structure dentin loss. Regarding the amount of open dentinal tubules, the highest amount of obstructed dentinal tubules was demonstrated in SnG and nHSnG (p < 0.05) when compared to the others. Between SnG and nHSnG there was no significant difference (p = 0.952) in the amount of closed dentinal tubules in the dentin. Experimental varnishes containing 5% SnCl2 associated or not with 20% nHAP showed to be a promising strategy in preventing erosive-abrasive wear of dentin. In addition, nHSnG was able to obliterate dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Monteiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará,
Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University,
Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Melo Alencar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry,
University Center of the State of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Augusto MG, Scaramucci T, Campos TMB, Aoki IV, Schlueter N, Borges AB. Film-Forming Polymers for Tooth Erosion Prevention. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194225. [PMID: 36236172 PMCID: PMC9573524 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different agents have been proposed to prevent the progression of acid induced dental substance losses, which are called erosive tooth wear (ETW), such as fluorides, calcium, and phosphate-based products; however, there is a need for a further increase in efficacy. Recently, the ability of polymers to interact with the tooth surface, forming acid resistant films, has come into the focus of research; nevertheless, there is still the need for a better understanding of their mode of action. Thus, this article provides an overview of the chemical structure of polymers, their mode of action, as well as the effect of their incorporation into oral care products, acid beverages, and antacid formulations, targeting the prevention of ETW. Recent evidence indicates that this may be a promising approach, however, additional studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under more relevant clinical conditions that consider salivary parameters such as flow rate, composition, and clearance. The standardization of methodological procedures such as acid challenge, treatment duration, and combination with fluorides is necessary to allow further comparisons between studies. In conclusion, film-forming polymers may be a promising cost-effective approach to prevent and control erosive demineralization of the dental hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Cascavel–UNIVEL, Av. Tito Muffato, 317-Santa Cruz, Cascavel 85806-080, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-3947-9374
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Topical Agents for Nonrestorative Management of Dental Erosion: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081413. [PMID: 36011070 PMCID: PMC9408325 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A nonrestorative approach to the management of dental erosion is the foremost option: controlling dental erosion. The objectives of this study are to provide an overview and to summarise the effects and properties of topical anti-erosive agents as a nonrestorative treatment of dental erosion. A literature search was conducted on five databases of peer-reviewed literature—Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science—to recruit articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021. The literature search identified 812 studies; 95 studies were included. Topical anti-erosive agents can be broadly categorised as fluorides, calcium phosphate-based agents, organic compounds and other anti-erosive agents. In the presence of saliva, fluorides promote the formation of fluorapatite on teeth through remineralisation. Calcium phosphate-based agents supply the necessary minerals that are lost due to the acid challenge of erosion. Some organic compounds and other anti-erosive agents prevent or control dental erosion by forming a protective layer on the tooth surface, by modifying salivary pellicle or by inhibiting the proteolytic activity of dentine collagenases. Topical anti-erosive agents are promising in managing dental erosion. However, current evidence shows inconsistent or limited results for supporting the use of these agents in clinical settings.
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Pereira LGDS, Bezerra SJC, Viana ÍEL, Lima LCD, Borges AB, Scaramucci T. Development of a sodium fluoride and stannous chloride-containing gel for treatment of dental erosion. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:54-61. [PMID: 36043569 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized and tested experimental gels containing fluoride (F-) and stannous (Sn2+) ions for the control of dental erosion. Enamel and dentin polished specimens were eroded (1% citric acid solution, 10 min) and randomly allocated into 5 groups (n=10): Placebo - Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HMC) gel; F+Sn+HMC - 7,500 ppm F- / 15,000 ppm Sn2+; F+HMC - 7,500 ppm F-; Commercial acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (12,300 ppm F-); and Control - no treatment. After treatment (applied for 60 s), specimens underwent an erosion-remineralization cycling (5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, 60 min in artificial saliva, 4×/day, 20 days). Surface loss (SL, in µm) was determined after the 5th, 10th and 20th days of cycling (α=0.05). For enamel, after 5 and 10 days, F+Sn+HMC presented the lowest SL, which did not differ from the commercial gel. After 20 days, no differences were found between commercial, F+HMC, and F+Sn+HMC groups. Placebo did not differ from the control at any time points, and both groups presented the highest SL when compared to the other groups. For dentin, on the 5th day, F+Sn+HMC, F+HMC and commercial did not differ significantly, showing lower SL than the control and the placebo. On the 10th day, F+Sn+HMC and commercial presented the lowest SL compared to control and placebo. After 20 days, only the commercial gel showed lower SL than the control and placebo. Thus, the experimental F+Sn+HMC gel was able to control the progression of tooth erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Gatti de Souza Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University. Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, 12245-000
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
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Foley M. REGULAR APPLICATION OF FLUORIDES TO TEETH IS LIKELY TO PROVIDE SOME PROTECTION AGAINST ENAMEL EROSION AND ABRASION. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021; 22:101679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Foley M. Regular application of fluorides is likely to provide some protection against enamel erosion and abrasion. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A novel non-destructive technique for qualitative and quantitative measurement of dental erosion in its entirety by porosity and bulk tissue-loss. J Dent 2021; 110:103688. [PMID: 33961936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential of combining non-contact profilometry (NCP) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) data to measure the entire erosive process non-destructively and to validate findings using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface microhardness (SMH) using the same samples throughout. METHODS Polished bovine enamel samples (n = 35) were divided into groups (7/group) with similar SMH values. Samples underwent individual erosive challenges (1 % citric acid, pH3.8) for 1, 5, 10, 15 or 30 min under stirring and aliquot extracts were analysed for Ca and P by ICP-AES. SMH was used to measure erosive softening. Profilometry was used to assess bulk volume loss (BVL). Images were captured by SEM. Samples were stained with rhodamine-B (0.1 mM, 24 h) and images captured by CLSM. Image processing was used to determine changes in fluorescent volume for the first 10 μm (ΔFV10) for each enamel sample which were combined with BVL to calculate total lesion volume (TLV). ANOVA, linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis were used where applicable. RESULTS Surface softening, [Ca], [P], BVL and ΔFV10μm increased with acid erosion duration which were significant by 10 min (P < .01). The Ca:P ratio increased to 1.57 then decreased after 5 min erosion suggesting a sub/surface phase change, which was observed by SEM and CLSM showing significant changes to the enamel surface and subsurface morphology with time. Combination of BVL and ΔFV10 as TLV strengthened the significant correlations with [Ca], [P], and SMH (P < .01). CONCLUSION This novel combination of CLSM and NCP allows for concurrent non-destructive quantification of the entire erosive process by mineral loss, and qualitatively characterise microstructural changes during dental erosion.
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Luka B, Arbter V, Sander K, Duerrschnabel A, Schlueter N. Impact of mucin on the anti-erosive/anti-abrasive efficacy of chitosan and/or F/Sn in enamel in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5285. [PMID: 33674643 PMCID: PMC7936000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of stannous ions in combination with fluoride (F/Sn) is one of the central strategies in reducing erosive tooth wear. F/Sn efficacy can be enhanced by adding chitosan, a positively charged biopolymer. For patients with low saliva flow, this efficacy, however, is not sufficient, making further improvement desirable. This could be achieved by combining chitosan with other molecules like mucin, which together might form multilayers. This in-vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of chitosan, mucin, F/Sn and combinations thereof on enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion. Human enamel samples (n = 448, 28 groups) were cyclically eroded or eroded-abraded (10 days; 6 × 2 min erosion and 2 × 15 s/200 g abrasion per day). Samples were treated 2 × 2 min/day with solutions containing either, chitosan (50 or 500 mPas), porcine gastric mucin, F/Sn or combinations thereof after abrasive challenge. Tissue loss was measured profilometrically, interaction between hard tissue and active agents was assessed with energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Chitosan and F/Sn showed the expected effect in reducing tissue loss under erosive and under erosive-abrasive conditions. Neither mucin alone nor the combinations with mucin showed any additional beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Luka
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Vivien Arbter
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sander
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Duerrschnabel
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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de Souza JC, Tedesco AC, Takahashi LAU, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Souza-Gabriel AE, Corona SAM. Influence of nanoparticulated chitosan on the biomodification of eroded dentin: clinical and photographic longitudinal analysis of restorations. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:11. [PMID: 33471208 PMCID: PMC7817594 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of the pre-treatment with 2.5% nanoparticulate chitosan (2.5% NanoChi) solution on eroded dentin before the restorative dental treatment. The sample consisted of 22 patients (age between 33 and 52 years) with shallow or medium erosion lesions located in two homologous teeth. The teeth were randomly assigned according to dentin treatment: with 2.5% NanoChi and without with chitosan (control). The NanoChi were applied immediately after acid etching. The teeth were restored with Single Bond Universal (3 M) and Charisma resin (Kulzer). Analyzes were done using modified USPHS (retention, secondary caries, marginal adaptation, and sensitivity) and photographic (color, marginal pigmentation, and anatomical form) criteria at 7 days (baseline) and 1 year. Population demographics, Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) were calculated for 1 year (α = 0.05). No significant difference was found in the survival rates between groups (p > 0.05) at 7 days and 1 year after treatment. After 7 days, 100% of the restorations were scored as Alpha on all criteria. After 1 year, 91% of the NanoChi restorations were scored as Alpha and 9% as Charlie for the retention, marginal adaptation, and anatomical form criteria, while 86% of the control restorations (without NanoChi) received the Alpha score and 14% received the Charlie. Secondary caries, sensitivity, color, and marginal pigmentation criteria were scored as Alpha in 100% of the restorations. The biomodification of eroded dentin with 2.5% NanoChi did not influence the survival of the restorations after 1 year. The application of 2.5% NanoChi on eroded dentin did not increase failures of resin restorations after 1 year and it can be used as a pre-treatment solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Caetano de Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Antônio Cláudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luandra Aparecida Unten Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil.
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de Souza BM, Santi LRP, João-Souza SH, Carvalho TS, Magalhães AC. Effect of titanium tetrafluoride/sodium fluoride solutions containing chitosan at different viscosities on the protection of enamel erosion in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Protective effect of fluorides on erosion and erosion/abrasion in enamel: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized in situ trials. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Souza BM, Machado PF, Vecchia LR, Magalhães AC. Effect of chitosan solutions with or without fluoride on the protection against dentin erosion in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:495-500. [PMID: 33058288 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of experimental solutions containing chitosan at different viscosities with or without fluoride (TiF4 /NaF) on dentin loss in vitro. Bovine dentin samples (n = 15) were prepared and allocated to one of the following treatments: (i) 0.5% chitosan (500 mPas); (ii) 0.5% chitosan (2,000 mPas); (iii) 0.042% NaF and 0.049% TiF4 ; (iv) as (iii) with addition of 0.5% chitosan (500 mPas); (v) as (iii) with addition of 0.5% chitosan (2,000 mPas); (vi) commercial solution with SnCl2 /AmF/NaF (positive control); or (vii) deionized water (negative control). The samples were submitted to pH cycling for 7 d (0.1% citric acid, 4 × 90 s d-1 ). The treatment was applied once a day for 30 s. The dentin loss was quantified using a contact profilometer. Three samples per group were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The dentin loss (μm) was submitted to anova and Tukey's test for differences between treatments. Among the treatments tested, only chitosan 500 mPas was able to statistically significantly reduce the dentin loss compared to the negative control, being similar to the positive control. TiF4 /NaF, whether with or without chitosan, had no protective effect. Chitosan 500 mPas and SnCl2 /AmF/NaF solutions have comparable protective effect against dentin erosion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paula F Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Luiz Rp Vecchia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana C Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Anti-erosive effect of rinsing before or after toothbrushing with a Fluoride/Stannous Ions solution: an in situ investigation. J Dent 2020; 101:103450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ávila DMDS, Augusto MG, Zanatta RF, Scaramucci T, Aoki IV, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Enhancing the Anti-Erosive Properties of Fluoride and Stannous with the Polymer Carbopol. Caries Res 2020; 54:250-257. [PMID: 32882696 DOI: 10.1159/000506467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study investigated whether Carbopol 980 polymer could potentiate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F) and sodium fluoride associated with stannous chloride (FS). The dissolution of hydroxyapatite treated with the experimental solutions (F [500 ppm F-], F + Carbopol [0.1%], FS [500 ppm F- + 800 ppm Sn2+], FS + Carbopol) was evaluated. Deionized water was the negative control, and a commercial mouth rinse (AmF/NaF/SnCl2; 500 ppm F + 800 ppm Sn2+; Elmex® Erosion Protection) was the positive control. The solutions were also evaluated in an erosion-rehardening protocol, with two treatments per day, using bovine enamel specimens (n = 15) and human saliva. The acid challenge was performed using 0.3% citric acid (pH 2.6) for 2 min. Microhardness was measured at different times: baseline, after the first erosive challenge, after treatment, and after the second erosive challenge. Based on microhardness values, the demineralization, rehardening, and protective potentials were calculated. The alkali-soluble fluoride on enamel surfaces was also measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Groups treated with FS + Carbopol showed the lowest hydroxyapatite dissolution and the highest rehardening and protective potentials. The measurement of alkali-soluble fluoride on enamel surfaces was also higher in the FS + Carbopol group. Carbopol was able to significantly increase the protective effect of the fluoridated solutions in addition to optimizing the adsorption of fluoride on the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mara da Silva Ávila
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Marina Gullo Augusto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo University - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, São Paulo University - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil,
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Hookham MJ, Lynch RJ, Naughton DP. Characterisation of mineral loss as a function of depth using confocal laser scanning microscopy to study erosive lesions in enamel: A novel non-destructive image processing model. J Dent 2020; 99:103402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Ávila DMDS, Zanatta RF, Scaramucci T, Aoki IV, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Randomized in situ trial on the efficacy of Carbopol in enhancing fluoride / stannous anti-erosive properties. J Dent 2020; 101:103347. [PMID: 32320729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if the bioadhesive polymer (Carbopol 980) could potentiate the protective effect of sodium fluoride with stannous chloride (FS) solution on the control of enamel erosive wear. METHODS Cylindrical bovine enamel specimens were polished and randomly allocated into three groups (n = 60): FS (500 ppm F- +800 ppm Sn2+ - positive control), FS + Carbopol (0.1% Carbopol), and ultrapure water (negative control). A randomized double-blind cross-over in situ model with three phases was used. In each phase, volunteers (n = 15) used a palatal appliance containing 4 specimens: two were submitted to an erosion model (2 h of pellicle formation; immersion in 1% citric acid, pH 2.3, for 5 min, 4x/day; 1 h intervals of saliva exposure; and treatment with the test solutions for 1 min, 2x/day). Besides erosion, the other two specimens were also subjected to abrasion (2x/day, 15 s) with active electric toothbrush, before the treatment with the solutions. After 5 days, enamel surface loss (μm) was evaluated by profilometry. Data were analyzed by two-way RM-ANOVA and Tukey tests (5%). RESULTS There were significant differences for both challenge and treatment factors. Erosion/abrasion challenge resulted in significantly higher enamel loss than erosion only (p < 0.05). The surface loss values for the erosion/remineralization model were (means ± SL): C = 14.7 ± 5.8b; FS = 9.0 ± 7.5ab; FS + Carbopol = 5.9 ± 3.8a; and for erosion/abrasion: C = 26.6 ± 10.1c; FS = 15.0 ± 8.8b; FS + Carbopol = 12.3 ± 7.9ab. CONCLUSION The association of Carbopol to the FS solution significantly protected the enamel against erosive wear, but it was not significantly superior to FS only. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Under highly erosive and abrasive conditions, rinsing with solutions containing sodium fluoride plus stannous chloride, associated or not with the Carbopol polymer, is an effective approach to control enamel erosive wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mara da Silva Ávila
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil.
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Machado AC, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Caetano TM, Russo LC, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Using fluoride mouthrinses before or after toothbrushing: effect on erosive tooth wear. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104520. [PMID: 31445424 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate the use of fluoridated mouthrinses before or after toothbrushing on erosive tooth wear. 2. To compare the anti-erosive effect of the combination toothpaste and mouthrinse containing fluoride, with or without stannous chloride. DESIGN Enamel and dentin specimens were randomly distributed into groups (n = 10 of each substrate/group): B-brushing, B + R-brushing + rinsing, and R + B-rinsing + brushing. The treatments were performed using a fluoride toothpaste (BF: 1400 ppm fluoride, as amino fluoride-AmF) combined or not with a fluoride mouthrinse (RF: 250 ppm fluoride, as AmF and sodium fluoride-NaF) or fluoride and stannous toothpaste (BF+Sn: 1400 ppm fluoride, as AmF and NaF, 3500 ppm stannous, as stannous chloride-SnCl2 and 0.5% chitosan) combined or not with fluoride and stannous mouthrinse (RF+Sn: 500 ppm fluoride, as AmF and NaF, 800 ppm stannous, as SnCl2). As control, brushing was performed with artificial saliva (BC). Specimens were submitted to a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycling model. Treatments were performed twice daily. Surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS For enamel, RF+BF and RF+Sn+BF+Sn presented significantly lower SL than the control, with RF+BF being significantly lower than RF+Sn+BF+Sn. For dentin, BC had the lowest SL, not differing from BF+Sn+RF+Sn, RF+Sn+BF+Sn and BF. Groups RF+BF and BF+RF showed highest SL, not differing from BF+Sn and BF+Sn. CONCLUSIONS For enamel, the use of a mouthrinse before brushing was able to reduce erosive wear for both fluoride and stannous products. For dentin, the use of stannous-containing products, irrespective of the order of application, presented superior effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Cristina Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7 CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tainá Mautone Caetano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano Citadini Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7 CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Bezerra S, João-Souza S, Aoki I, Borges A, Hara A, Scaramucci T. Anti-Erosive Effect of Solutions Containing Sodium Fluoride, Stannous Chloride, and Selected Film-Forming Polymers. Caries Res 2018; 53:305-313. [DOI: 10.1159/000493388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F: 225 ppm F–), stannous chloride (Sn: 800 ppm Sn2+), and some film-forming polymers (Gantrez: Poly [methylvinylether-alt-maleic anhydride]; PGA: propylene glycol alginate; Plasdone: poly[vinylpyrrolidone]; and CMC: carboxymethylcellulose). Solutions were tested in an erosion-remineralization cycling model, using enamel and dentin specimens (n = 10, for each substrate). Distilled water was the negative control. Cycling consisted of 120 min immersion in human saliva, 5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, and 120 min of exposure to human saliva, 4×/day, for 5 days. Treatment with solutions (pH = 4.5) was carried out 2×/day, for 2 min. Surface loss (SL) was evaluated with optical profilometry. Zeta potential of hydroxyapatite crystals was determined after treatment with the solutions. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For enamel, all polymers showed significantly lower SL (in µm) than the control (11.09 ± 0.94), except PGA (10.15 ± 1.25). PGA significantly improved the protective effect of F (4.24 ± 0.97 vs. 5.64 ± 1.60, respectively). None of the polymers increased the protection of F+Sn (5.13 ± 0.78). For dentin, only Gantrez (11.40 ± 0.97) significantly reduced SL when compared with the negative control (12.76 ± 0.75). No polymer was able to enhance the effect of F (6.28 ± 1.90) or F+Sn (7.21 ± 1.13). All fluoridated solutions demonstrated significantly lower SL values than the control for both substrates. Treatment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with all solutions resulted in more negative zeta potentials than those of the control, except Plasdone, PGA, and F+Sn+PGA, the latter two presenting the opposite effect. In conclusion, Gantrez, Plasdone, and CMC exhibited an anti-erosive effect on enamel. PGA increased the protection of F. For dentin, only Gantrez reduced erosion.
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Effect of sucralfate against hydrochloric acid-induced dental erosion. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2365-2370. [PMID: 30302612 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Devising effective measures for the prevention of hydrochloric acid (HCl)-induced erosion is of great significance. This is even more important in dentine, in which products have limited diffusion. Therefore, agents that can bind to proteins forming an acid-resistant gel-like coat, such as sucralfate, may stand out as a promising alternative. This study investigated the protective effect of sucralfate suspensions against HCl-induced dental erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the first experiment, hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals were pre-treated with a commercial sucralfate suspension (CoSS, pH 5.9), a stannous-containing sodium fluoride solution (NaF/SnCl2 pH 4.5), two prepared sucralfate suspensions (PrSS, pH 5.9 and 4.5), or deionized water (DI, control). HAp dissolution was measured using a pH-stat system. In a subsequent experiment, embedded/polished enamel and root dentine slabs were allocated into five groups to be treated with one of the tested substances prior to and during erosion-remineralization cycles (HCl-2 min + artificial saliva 60 min, two times per day, 5 days). Surface loss was assessed profilometrically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests. RESULTS HAp dissolution was as follows: NaF/SnCl2 < CoSS < PrSS/pH 4.5, while PrSS/pH 5.9 = DI and both did not differ from CoSS and PrSS/pH 4.5. In enamel, surface loss did not differ between CoSS and PrSS/pH 4.5, with both having lower surface loss than PrSS/pH 5.9 and DI and NaF/SnCl2 differing only from DI. In root dentine, surface loss was as follows: CoSS < PrSS/pH 5.9 < (NaF/SnCl2 = DI), while PrSS/pH 4.5 = CoSS = PrSS/pH 5.9. CONCLUSION Sucralfate suspension provided anti-erosive protection to HCl-induced erosion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sucralfate may protect teeth against erosion caused by gastric acid.
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de Souza BM, Santi LRP, de Souza Silva M, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Effect of an experimental mouth rinse containing NaF and TiF 4 on tooth erosion and abrasion in situ. J Dent 2018; 73:45-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sakae LO, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Borges AB, Aoki IV, Aranha ACC, Scaramucci T. An in vitro study on the influence of viscosity and frequency of application of fluoride/tin solutions on the progression of erosion of bovine enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:26-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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João-Souza SH, Bezerra SJC, de Freitas PM, de Lima NB, Aranha ACC, Hara AT, Scaramucci T. In situ evaluation of fluoride-, stannous- and polyphosphate-containing solutions against enamel erosion. J Dent 2017; 63:30-35. [PMID: 28552363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F: 225ppm of fluoride), sodium fluoride+stannous chloride (F+Sn: 225ppm of fluoride+800ppm of stannous), sodium fluoride+stannous chloride+sodium linear polyphosphate (F+Sn+LPP: 225ppm of fluoride+800ppm of stannous+2% of sodium linear polyphosphate), and deionized water (C: control), using a four-phase, single-blind, crossover in situ clinical trial. METHODS In each phase, 12 volunteers wore appliances containing 4 enamel specimens, which were submitted to a 5-day erosion-remineralization phase that consisted of 2h of salivary pellicle formation with the appliance in situ, followed by 2min extra-oral immersion in 1% citric acid (pH 2.4), 6x/day, with 90min of exposure to saliva in situ between the challenges. Treatment with the test solutions was performed extra-orally for 2 min, 2x/day. At the end of the experiment, surface loss (SL, in μm) was evaluated by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). The surface of additional specimens was evaluated by x-ray diffraction after treatments (n=3). RESULTS C (mean SL±standard-deviation: 5.97±1.70) and F (5.36±1.59) showed the highest SL, with no significant difference between them (p>0.05). F+Sn (2.68±1.62) and F+Sn+LPP (2.10±0.95) did not differ from each other (p>0.05), but presented lower SL than the other groups (P<0.05). Apatite and stannous deposits on specimen surfaces were identified in the x-ray analysis for F+Sn and F+Sn+LPP. CONCLUSIONS Sodium fluoride solution exhibited no significant anti-erosive effect. The combination between sodium fluoride and stannous chloride reduced enamel erosion, irrespective of the presence of linear sodium polyphosphate. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Under highly erosive conditions, sodium fluoride rinse may not be a suitable alternative to prevent enamel erosion. A rinse containing sodium fluoride and stannous chloride was shown to be a better treatment option, which was not further improved by addition of the sodium linear polyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sávio José C Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Moreira de Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nelson B de Lima
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Butantã, P.O. Box 11049, São Paulo, SP 05422-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing street, 46202-2855, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ramos-Oliveira TM, Silva CV, Nunes PMA, Turssi CP, Rechmann P, Freitas PMD. AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution reduces in situ enamel erosion - profilometry and cross-sectional nanoindentation analysis. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e20. [PMID: 28273206 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This in situ study aimed to investigate the effect of a tin-containing fluoride solution in preventing enamel erosion. Also, its effects on the partly demineralized zone were assessed for the first time. Thirteen volunteers participated in this 2-phase study, wearing removable intra-oral appliances containing four sterilized bovine enamel slabs, for 8 days, where 2 treatment protocols were tested using samples in replicas (n = 13): CO - no treatment (negative control) and FL - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+, pH = 4.5). Samples were daily exposed to an erosive challenge (0.65% citric acid, pH 3.6, 4 min, 2x/day). In the 2nd phase, volunteers switched to the other treatment protocol. Samples were evaluated for surface loss using a profilometer (n = 13) and a cross-sectional nanohardness (CSNH) test (n = 13) was carried out in order to determine how deep the partly demineralized zone reaches below the erosive lesion. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Erosive challenges lead to smaller enamel surface loss (p < 0.001) in the FL group when compared to group CO. Data from CSNH showed that there was no significant difference in demineralized enamel zone underneath erosion lesions between the groups. An amorphous layer could be observed on the surface of enamel treated with tin-containing solution alone. Under the experimental conditions of this in situ study, it can be concluded that AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution prevents enamel surface loss but does not change the hardness of the partly demineralized zone near-surface enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Vieira Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cecília Pedroso Turssi
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Rechmann
- University of California San Francisco, School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, São Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Patricia Moreira de Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ururahy MS, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Galo R, Nogueira LFB, Ramos AP, Corona SAM. Wettability and surface morphology of eroded dentin treated with chitosan. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 75:68-73. [PMID: 28061390 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of chitosan, at concentrations of 2.5% and 5.0%, on the wettability of the eroded dentin, followed by analysis of surface morphology by SEM. METHODS 104 bovine dentin slabs were ground, polished and then immersed in 20mL of citric acid (pH=3.2) under continuous stirring for 2h. Specimens were randomly divided according to the dentin substrate: sound and eroded, and then, subdivided into 4 groups (n=10): without rewetting (control), 1% acetic acid, 2.5% chitosan and 5.0% chitosan. Then, a drop of the adhesive system Single Bond 2 (3M) was deposited onto surface of each specimen. The contact angle between dentin surface and the adhesive system was measured by using a goniometer. The other 24 specimens were subjected to analysis under SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using the normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (p>0.05). RESULTS No differences were found between the angles produced on the eroded dentin rewetting with chitosan at the concentrations of 2.5% and 5%. CONCLUSION The chitosan, regardless of the concentration used, did not influence the eroded dentin wettability. Through SEM analysis, it was found particles of chitosan deposited on the surface and within the dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Saavedra Ururahy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Paulo University, Café Avenue, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Galo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Sao Paulo University, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Diamanti I, Koletsi-Kounari H, Mamai-Homata E. Effect of toothpastes containing different NaF concentrations or a SnF2/NaF combination on root dentine erosive lesions, in vitro. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e577-e583. [PMID: 27957274 PMCID: PMC5149095 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride toothpastes presumably offer some protection against acid erosion. However, uncertainty exists towards fluoride's efficacy relatively to the concentration and the type of chemical compound used. This in vitro study evaluated the relative efficacy of toothpastes containing sodium fluoride in different concentrations or a stabilized stannous fluoride/sodium fluoride system on root dentine erosion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bovine dentin specimens were allocated into four groups (n=10): control (no F), 1450ppm F (as NaF), 5000ppm F (as NaF) and 1450ppm F (1100ppm as stabilized SnF2 and 350ppm as NaF)/sodium hexamethaphosphate. The specimens were submitted to 6 daily cycles of erosion (0.3% v/v citric acid, pH=3.2, 20 min) and remineralization (~22h), interspersed by 2-min immersions in 1:3 w/v of dentifrice/distilled water slurries. Subsequently, they were subjected to a 24-h acid resistance test (0.3% v/v citric acid, pH=3.2) without any further treatments. Surface loss was quantified by contact profilometry. Data were analysed through one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests (p≤0.05). RESULTS In both experiments, all fluoride groups, showed significantly less tissue loss compared to the control (p<0.001-p=0.018). During erosion cycling, no significant differences were found among the fluoride groups. During the acid resistance test, the 5000ppm F toothpaste produced significantly superior effect than both 1450ppm F products (p=0.010, (p<0.001), which performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS Under less aggressive erosive conditions, fluoride toothpastes did not differ in their ability to protect dentine surfaces. However, in severely erosive environment, the 5000ppm F toothpaste performed superiorly to the other tested products. Key words:Dentine, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, tooth erosion, toothpaste, contact profilometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Diamanti
- Visiting Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Haroula Koletsi-Kounari
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Mamai-Homata
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ávila DMDS, Zanatta RF, Scaramucci T, Aoki IV, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Influence of bioadhesive polymers on the protective effect of fluoride against erosion. J Dent 2016; 56:45-52. [PMID: 27793704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated if the incorporation of the bioadhesive polymers Carbopol 980, Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and Aristoflex AVC in a fluoridated solution (NaF-900ppm) would increase the solution's protective effect against enamel erosion. METHODS Enamel specimens were submitted to a 5-day de-remineralization cycling model, consisting of 2min immersions in 0.3% citric acid (6x/day), 1min treatments with the polymers (associated or not with fluoride), and 60min storage in artificial saliva. Ultrapure water was used as the negative control and a 900ppm fluoride solution as positive control. The initial Knoop microhardness (KHN1) was used to randomize the samples into groups. Another two microhardness assessments were performed after the first (KHN2) and second (KHN3) acid immersions, to determine initial erosion in the first day. The formula: %KHNalt=[(KHN3-KHN2)/KHN2]*100 was used to define the protective effect of the treatments. After the 5-day cycling, surface loss (SL, in μm) was evaluated with profilometry. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p<0.05). RESULTS For %KHNalt, the polymers alone did not reduce enamel demineralization when compared to the negative control, but Carbopol associated with NaF significantly improved its protective effect. The profilometric analysis showed that Carbopol, associated or not with NaF, exhibited the lowest SL, while CMC and Aristoflex did not exhibit a protective effect, nor were they able to improve the protection of NaF. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that Carbopol enhanced NaF's protection against initial erosion. Carbopol alone or associated with NaF was able to reduce SL after several erosive challenges. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Carbopol by itself was able to reduce the erosive wear magnitude to the same extent as the sodium fluoride, therefore, is a promising agent to prevent or control enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mara da Silva Ávila
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Magalhães AC, dos Santos MG, Comar LP, Buzalaf MAR, Ganss C, Schlueter N. Effect of a Single Application of TiF4 Varnish versus Daily Use of a Low-Concentrated TiF4/NaF Solution on Tooth Erosion Prevention in vitro. Caries Res 2016; 50:462-470. [DOI: 10.1159/000448146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the isolated and combined effect of a single application of TiF4 or NaF varnish versus daily use of a solution containing a low concentration of TiF4/NaF against tooth erosion in vitro. A total of 90 bovine enamel and 108 root dentin samples were treated as follows: control (no treatment), solution containing TiF4/NaF (500 ppm F-, pH 4.4), NaF varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 5.0), TiF4 varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 1.0), TiF4 varnish + solution, and NaF varnish + solution. The erosive challenges were performed 4 × 90s/day (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5) and, between them, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The tooth loss was measured using contact profilometry (after 7 days for dentin and after 7, 10, and 14 days for enamel). All treatments were effective in reducing tooth loss, except NaF varnish for enamel on day 7 (p < 0.0001). TiF4/NaF solution and TiF4 varnish did not differ with respect to enamel loss for 10 days; thereafter, TiF4 varnish lost its protective effect compared to TiF4/NaF solution. The combination of vehicles was more effective in reducing enamel loss than both varnishes on their own but not compared to the solution. For dentin, TiF4 varnish was more effective than NaF varnish, while TiF4/NaF solution and NaF varnish were similar. The combination of vehicles improved the protective effect only when compared to NaF varnish on its own (p < 0.0001). Both types of TiF4 applications, isolated or combined, were effective against tooth erosion, but some differences in their performance were seen between enamel and dentin.
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Yönel N, Bikker FJ, Lagerweij MD, Kleverlaan CJ, van Loveren C, Özen B, Çetiner S, van Strijp AJP. Anti-erosive effects of fluoride and phytosphingosine: an in vitro study. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:396-402. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Yönel
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Near East University; Nicosia Cyprus
- Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Maxim D. Lagerweij
- Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Cees J. Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Cor van Loveren
- Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Bugra Özen
- Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Serap Çetiner
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Near East University; Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Augustinus J. P. van Strijp
- Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Pini N, Lima D, Lovadino J, Ganss C, Schlueter N. In vitro Efficacy of Experimental Chitosan-Containing Solutions as Anti-Erosive Agents in Enamel. Caries Res 2016; 50:337-45. [DOI: 10.1159/000445758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of chitosans with different viscosities, dissolved in an AmF/SnCl2 solution, against erosion or erosion/abrasion. A total of 192 specimens were assigned to 2 × 6 groups (n = 16 specimens each): negative control, 4 chitosan solutions (groups Ch50, Ch500, Ch1000, and Ch2000, with viscosity of 50, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mPas, respectively, 0.5% chitosan, 500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+, pH 4.4), and positive control (500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+, pH 4.3). One half of the groups was demineralized (experiment 1, E1; 10 days, 6 × 2 min/day, 0.5% citric acid, pH 2.8) and exposed to solutions (2 × 2 min/day); the other half was additionally brushed (15 s, 200 g) with non-fluoridated toothpaste before solution immersion (experiment 2, E2). Treatment effects were investigated by profilometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In E1, all the chitosan-containing solutions reduced enamel loss by 77-80%, to the same extent as the positive control, except for Ch2000 (p ≤ 0.05), which completely inhibited tissue loss by the formation of precipitates. In E2, Ch50 and Ch500 showed best performance, with approximately 60% reduction of tissue loss compared to the negative control group (p ≤ 0.05 compared to other groups). SEM analysis showed differences between negative control and the other groups but only minor differences amongst the groups treated with active agents. In both E1 and E2, treatment with active agents resulted in surface enrichment of carbon and tin compared to negative control (p ≤ 0.001); brushing removed parts of carbon and tin (p ≤ 0.001). Chitosan shows different properties under erosive and erosive/abrasive conditions. Under erosive conditions high viscosity might be helpful, whereas lower viscosity seems to be more effective in cases of chemo-mechanical challenges.
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Castilho ARFD, Salomão PMA, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Protective effect of experimental mouthrinses containing NaF and TiF4 on dentin erosive loss in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:486-90. [PMID: 26537719 PMCID: PMC4621941 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This in vitro study assessed the anti-erosive effect of experimental mouthrinses containing TiF4 and NaF on dentin erosive loss. Material and Methods Bovine dentin specimens were randomly allocated into the groups (n=15): 1) SnCl2/NaF/AmF (Erosion Protection®/GABA, pH 4.5, positive control); 2) experimental solution with 0.0815% TiF4 (pH 2.5); 3) 0.105% NaF (pH 4.5); 4) 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (pH 4.4); 5) 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (pH 4.5); 6) no treatment (negative control). Each specimen was cyclically demineralized (Sprite Zero, pH 2.6, 4x90 s/day) and exposed to artificial saliva between the erosive challenges for 7 days. The treatment with the fluoride solutions was done 2x60 s/day, immediately after the first and the last erosive challenges of the day. Dentin erosive loss was measured by profilometry (μm). The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05). Results Mouthrinses containing TiF4 or Sn/F were able to show some protective effect against dentin erosive loss compared to negative control. The best anti-erosive effect was found for experimental solution containing 0.0815% TiF4 (100% reduction in dentin loss), followed by 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (58.3%), SnCl2/NaF/AmF (52%) and 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (40%). NaF solution (13.3%) did not significantly differ from control. Conclusion The daily application of experimental mouthrinse containing TiF4 and NaF has the ability to reduce dentin erosion, as well as Erosion Protection® and TiF4 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rogéria Freire de Castilho
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maria Aranda Salomão
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Scaramucci T, João-Souza SH, Lippert F, Eckert GJ, Aoki IV, Hara AT. Influence of Toothbrushing on the Antierosive Effect of Film-Forming Agents. Caries Res 2016; 50:104-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000443619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of toothbrushing on the antierosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (225 ppm/F), stannous chloride (800 ppm/Sn), sodium linear polyphosphate (2%/LPP), and their combinations, and deionized water as negative control (C). Solutions were tested in a 5-day erosion-remineralization-abrasion cycling model, using enamel and dentin specimens (n = 8). Erosion was performed 6 times/day for 5 min, exposure to the test solutions 3 times/day for 2min, and toothbrushing (or not) with toothpaste slurry 2 times/day for 2 min (45 strokes). Surface loss (SL) was determined by noncontact profilometry. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Brushing caused more SL than no brushing for enamel (mean ± SD, in micrometers: 52.7 ± 6.6 and 33.0 ± 4.5, respectively), but not for dentin (28.2 ± 1.9 and 26.6 ± 1.8, respectively). For enamel without brushing, F+LPP+Sn showed the lowest SL (23.8 ± 3.4), followed by F+Sn (30.6 ± 4.9) and F+LPP (31.7 ± 1.7), which did not differ from each other. No differences were found between the other groups and C (37.8 ± 2.1). When brushing, F+LPP+Sn exhibited the lowest SL (36.7 ± 2.4), not differing from F+LPP (39.1 ± 1.8). F, F+Sn and LPP+Sn were similar (46.7 ± 2.9, 42.1 ± 2.8 and 45.3 ± 4.6, respectively) and better than C (52.7 ± 4.3). Sn (55.0 ± 2.4) and LPP (51.0 ± 4.3) did not differ from C. For dentin, neither groups differed from C, regardless of brushing. In conclusion, toothbrushing did not affect the antierosive effect of F+Sn, F+LPP and F+LPP+Sn on enamel, although overall it led to more erosion than nonbrushing. F and LPP+Sn showed a protective effect only under brushing conditions, whereas Sn and LPP did not exhibit any protection. For dentin, neither toothbrushing nor the test solutions influenced the development of erosion.
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O’Toole S, Mistry M, Mutahar M, Moazzez R, Bartlett D. Sequence of stannous and sodium fluoride solutions to prevent enamel erosion. J Dent 2015; 43:1498-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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ALGARNI AA, LIPPERT F, HARA AT. Efficacy of stannous, fluoride and their their combination in dentin erosion prevention in vitro. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100276. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lussi A, Carvalho TS. The Future of Fluorides and Other Protective Agents in Erosion Prevention. Caries Res 2015; 49 Suppl 1:18-29. [DOI: 10.1159/000380886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of fluoride in caries prevention has been convincingly proven. In recent years, researchers have investigated the preventive effects of different fluoride formulations on erosive tooth wear with positive results, but their action on caries and erosion prevention must be based on different requirements, because there is no sheltered area in the erosive process as there is in the subsurface carious lesions. Thus, any protective mechanism from fluoride concerning erosion is limited to the surface or the near surface layer of enamel. However, reports on other protective agents show superior preventive results. The mechanism of action of tin-containing products is related to tin deposition onto the tooth surface, as well as the incorporation of tin into the near-surface layer of enamel. These tin-rich deposits are less susceptible to dissolution and may result in enhanced protection of the underlying tooth. Titanium tetrafluoride forms a protective layer on the tooth surface. It is believed that this layer is made up of hydrated hydrogen titanium phosphate. Products containing phosphates and/or proteins may adsorb either to the pellicle, rendering it more protective against demineralization, or directly to the dental hard tissue, probably competing with H+ at specific sites on the tooth surface. Other substances may further enhance precipitation of calcium phosphates on the enamel surface, protecting it from additional acid impacts. Hence, the future of fluoride alone in erosion prevention looks grim, but the combination of fluoride with protective agents, such as polyvalent metal ions and some polymers, has much brighter prospects.
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Anti-erosive properties of solutions containing fluoride and different film-forming agents. J Dent 2015; 43:458-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mai T, Boye S, Yuan J, Völkel A, Gräwert M, Günter C, Lederer A, Taubert A. Poly(ethylene oxide)-based block copolymers with very high molecular weights for biomimetic calcium phosphate mineralization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampholytic and betaine-type block copolymers are excellent growth modifiers for calcium phosphate in biologically inspired calcium phosphate mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Mai
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- D-01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Antje Völkel
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Marlies Gräwert
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Christina Günter
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Potsdam
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- D-01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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Mai T, Rakhmatullina E, Bleek K, Boye S, Yuan J, Völkel A, Gräwert M, Cheaib Z, Eick S, Günter C, Lederer A, Lussi A, Taubert A. Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) block copolymers for calcium phosphate mineralization and biofilm inhibition. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3901-14. [PMID: 25230392 DOI: 10.1021/bm500888q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) has long been used as an additive in toothpaste, partly because it reduces biofilm formation on teeth. It does not, however, reduce the formation of dental calculus or support the remineralization of dental enamel or dentine. The present article describes the synthesis of new block copolymers on the basis of PEO and poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) blocks using atom transfer radical polymerization. The polymers have very large molecular weights (over 10(6) g/mol) and are highly water-soluble. They delay the precipitation of calcium phosphate from aqueous solution but, upon precipitation, lead to relatively monodisperse hydroxyapatite (HAP) spheres. Moreover, the polymers inhibit the bacterial colonization of human enamel by Streptococcus gordonii, a pioneer bacterium in oral biofilm formation, in vitro. The formation of well-defined HAP spheres suggests that a polymer-induced liquid precursor phase could be involved in the precipitation process. Moreover, the inhibition of bacterial adhesion suggests that the polymers could be utilized in caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Mai
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Er:YAG laser irradiation to control the progression of enamel erosion: an in situ study. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1465-73. [PMID: 24985348 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This in situ study evaluated the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation in controlling the progression of enamel erosion-like lesions. Fifty-six enamel slabs (330 KHN ± 10 %) with one fourth of the surface covered with resin composite (control area) were submitted to initial erosion-like lesion formation with citric acid. The slabs were divided into two groups: irradiated with Er:YAG laser and non-irradiated. Fourteen volunteers used an intraoral palatal appliance containing two slabs, in two phases of 5 days each. During the intraoral phase, in a crossed-over design, half of the volunteers immersed the appliance in citric acid while the other half used deionized water, both for 5 min, three times per day. Enamel wear was determined by an optical 3D profilometer. ANOVA revealed that when deionized water was used as immersion solution during the intraoral phase, lower values of wear were showed when compared with the groups that were eroded with citric acid, whether irradiated or non-irradiated with Er:YAG laser. When erosion with citric acid was performed, Er:YAG laser was not able to reduce enamel wear. Small changes on enamel surface were observed when it was irradiated with Er:YAG laser. It may be concluded that Er:YAG laser irradiation did not reduce the progression of erosive lesions on enamel submitted to in situ erosion with citric acid.
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Ding M, Shin SW, Kim MS, Ryu JJ, Lee JY. The effect of a desensitizer and CO2 laser irradiation on bond performance between eroded dentin and resin composite. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6:165-70. [PMID: 25006379 PMCID: PMC4085239 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to evaluate effect of the desensitizing pretreatments on the micro-tensile bond strengths (µTBS) to eroded dentin and sound dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two extracted molars were prepared to form a flat dentin surface, and then they were divided into two groups. Group I was stored in distilled water while group II was subjected to a pH cycling. Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups according to desensitizing pretreatment used: a) pretreatment with desensitizer (Gluma); b) pretreatment with CO2 Laser (Ultra Dream Pluse); c) without any pretreatment. All prepared surfaces were bonded with Single Bond 2 and built up with resin composite (Filtek Z250). The micro-tensile bond test was performed. Fracture modes were evaluated by stereomicroscopy. Pretreated surfaces and bonded interfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data obtained was analyzed by two-way ANOVA (α=0.05). RESULTS For both sound and eroded dentin, samples treated with desensitizer showed the greatest µTBS, followed by samples without any treatment. And samples treated with CO2 laser showed the lowest µTBS. SEM study indicated that teeth with eroded dentin appeared prone to debonding, as demonstrated by existence of large gaps between adhesive layers and dentin. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with Gluma increased the µTBS of Single Bond 2 for eroded and sound teeth. CO2 laser irradiation weakened bond performance for sound teeth but had no effect on eroded teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Department of Esthetic Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wan Shin
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Ryu
- Department of Esthetic Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yol Lee
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effect of experimental mouthrinses containing the combination of NaF and TiF4 on enamel erosive wear in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:621-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hooper S, Seong J, Macdonald E, Claydon N, Hellin N, Barker ML, He T, West NX. A randomised in situ trial, measuring the anti-erosive properties of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:35-42. [PMID: 24571703 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if a stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice provides greater enamel protection in situ against intraoral dietary erosive challenges compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. METHODS A single-centre, investigator blind, randomised, supervised, two-treatment, non-brushing, four-period crossover in situ study was undertaken, with each test period being 15 days. Thirty-five healthy adult subjects were recruited to participate in the study, which included four erosive acid challenges per day. Subjects were randomised to product treatment, which included either: (1) a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice (Oral-B(®) Pro-Expert Sensitive) or (2) a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice (Sensodyne(®) Pronamel(®) ). Each study subject wore an intraoral appliance retaining two sterilised, polished human enamel samples for 6 hours/day. Subjects swished with an allocated dentifrice slurry twice a day and with 250 ml of orange juice for 10 minutes (25 ml/minute over a 10-minute period) four times per day. The primary and secondary outcomes for this study were enamel loss measured using contact profilometry at days 15 and 5, respectively, using parametric analysis methods. RESULTS At day 15, a 38% lower enamel loss (P < 0.0001) was observed, with estimated medians of 2.03 μm (SE 0.247) and 3.30 μm (SE 0.379), in favour of the stannous-containing dentifrice. At day 5, specimens treated with the stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice demonstrated 25% less enamel loss than those treated with the sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Treatment differences at day 5 were also statistically significant (P < 0.05), with estimated medians of 1.37 μm (SE 0.177) and 1.83 μm (SE 0.223), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results of this in situ study suggest the stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice could be used to provide significantly greater protection to enamel from erosive acid challenge compared with that provided by conventional fluoride-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hooper
- Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
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Carvalho T, Lussi A. Combined effect of a fluoride-, stannous- and chitosan-containing toothpaste and stannous-containing rinse on the prevention of initial enamel erosion–abrasion. J Dent 2014; 42:450-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Turssi CP, Hara AT, Amaral FLB, França FMG, Basting RT. Calcium lactate pre-rinse increased fluoride protection against enamel erosion in a randomized controlled in situ trial. J Dent 2014; 42:534-9. [PMID: 24582799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in situ trial study was designed to evaluate whether calcium (Ca) pre-rinse would increase the fluoride (F) rinse protection against enamel erosion. METHODS Fifteen volunteers participated in this split-mouth, 3-phase, crossover design study wearing a palatal appliance containing four sterilized bovine enamel slabs, for 10 days. In the 1st phase, five participants followed protocol A: daily rinse with a Ca lactate (CaL, 150mmol/L, 1min), followed by F (NaF 12mmol/L, 1min). Other five participants followed protocol B: daily rinse only with F, while the remainders followed protocol C: no rinse (negative control). Appliances were removed from the mouth and one side of the palatal appliance was exposed to a daily erosive challenge (0.05M citric acid, 90s); the other side served as control (deionized water - no erosion). In the 2nd phase volunteers were crossed over to other protocol and in the 3rd phase volunteers received the remaining protocol not yet assigned. Specimens were evaluated for surface loss using an optical profilometer. RESULTS Repeated-measures three-way ANOVA (p=0.009) and Tukey's test showed that CaL pre-rinse followed by NaF rinse significantly decreased surface loss of enamel when performed prior to an erosive challenge in comparison with the condition in which NaF only was used. CONCLUSIONS Pre-rinse with CaL may increase the protection exerted by NaF against erosive wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia P Turssi
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Flávia L B Amaral
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana M G França
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta T Basting
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Ganss C, Klimek J, Schlueter N. Erosion/Abrasion-Preventing Potential of NaF and F/Sn/Chitosan Toothpastes in Dentine and Impact of the Organic Matrix. Caries Res 2014; 48:163-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000354679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Schlueter N, Klimek J, Ganss C. Randomised in situ study on the efficacy of a tin/chitosan toothpaste on erosive-abrasive enamel loss. Caries Res 2013; 47:574-81. [PMID: 23969953 DOI: 10.1159/000351654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tin is a notable anti-erosive agent, and the biopolymer chitosan has also shown demineralisation-inhibiting properties. Therefore, the anti-erosive/anti-abrasive efficacy of the combination of both compounds was tested under in situ conditions. Twenty-seven volunteers were included in a randomised, double-blind, three-cell crossover in situ trial. Enamel specimens were recessed on the buccal aspects of mandibular appliances, extraorally demineralised (6 × 2 min/day) and intraorally treated with toothpaste slurries (2 × 2 min/day). Within the slurry treatment time, one-half of the specimens received additional intraoral brushing (5 s, 2.5 N). The tested toothpastes included a placebo toothpaste, an experimental NaF toothpaste (1,400 ppm F(-)) and an experimental F/Sn/chitosan toothpaste (1,400 ppm F(-), 3,500 ppm Sn(2+), 0.5% chitosan). The percentage reduction of tissue loss (slurry exposure/slurry exposure + brushing) compared to placebo was 19.0 ± 47.3/21.3 ± 22.4 after use of NaF and 52.5 ± 30.9/50.2 ± 34.3 after use of F/Sn/chitosan. F/Sn/chitosan was significantly more effective than NaF (p ≤ 0.001) and showed good efficacy against erosive and erosive-abrasive tissue loss. This study suggests that the F/Sn/chitosan toothpaste could provide good protection for patients who frequently consume acidic foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlueter
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Schlueter N, Klimek J, Ganss C. Effect of a chitosan additive to a Sn2+-containing toothpaste on its anti-erosive/anti-abrasive efficacy--a controlled randomised in situ trial. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:107-15. [PMID: 23417572 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is well known that Sn(2+) is a notable anti-erosive agent. There are indications that biopolymers such as chitosan can enhance the effect of Sn(2+), at least in vitro. However, little information exists about their anti-erosive/anti-abrasive in situ effects. In the present in situ study, the efficacy of Sn(2+)-containing toothpastes in the presence or absence of chitosan was tested. METHODS Ten subjects participated in the randomised crossover study, wearing mandibular appliances with human enamel specimens. Specimens were extraorally demineralised (7 days, 0.5% citric acid, pH 2.6; 6 × 2 min/day) and intraorally exposed to toothpaste suspensions (2 × 2 min/day). Within the suspension immersion time, one half of the specimens were additionally brushed intraorally with a powered toothbrush (5 s, 2.5 N). Tested preparations were a placebo toothpaste (negative control), two experimental toothpastes (F/Sn = 1,400 ppm F(-), 3,500 ppm Sn(2+); F/Sn/chitosan = 1,400 ppm F(-), 3,500 ppm Sn(2+), 0.5 % chitosan) and an SnF2-containing gel (positive control, GelKam = 3,000 ppm Sn(2+), 1,000 ppm F(-)). Substance loss was quantified profilometrically (μm). RESULTS In the placebo group, tissue loss was 11.2 ± 4.6 (immersion in suspension) and 17.7 ± 4.7 (immersion in suspension + brushing). Immersion in each Sn(2+)-containing suspension significantly reduced tissue loss (p ≤ 0.01); after immersion in suspension + brushing, only the treatments with GelKam (5.4 ± 5.5) and with F/Sn/chitosan (9.6 ± 5.6) significantly reduced loss [both p ≤ 0.05 compared to placebo; F/Sn 12.8 ± 6.4 (not significant)] CONCLUSION Chitosan enhanced the efficacy of the Sn(2+)-containing toothpaste as an anti-erosive/anti-abrasive agent. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of Sn(2+)- and chitosan-containing toothpaste is a good option for symptomatic therapy in patients with regular acid impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlueter
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland,
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Efficacy of the stannous ion and a biopolymer in toothpastes on enamel erosion/abrasion. J Dent 2012; 40:1036-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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The effect of a tin-containing fluoride mouth rinse on the bond between resin composite and erosively demineralised dentin. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:217-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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