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Ciani L, Libonati A, Dri M, Pomella S, Campanella V, Barillari G. About a Possible Impact of Endodontic Infections by Fusobacterium nucleatum or Porphyromonas gingivalis on Oral Carcinogenesis: A Literature Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5083. [PMID: 38791123 PMCID: PMC11121237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is linked to the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an epidemiologically frequent and clinically aggressive malignancy. In this context, Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum and Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis, two bacteria that cause periodontitis, are found in OSCC tissues as well as in oral premalignant lesions, where they exert pro-tumorigenic activities. Since the two bacteria are present also in endodontic diseases, playing a role in their pathogenesis, here we analyze the literature searching for information on the impact that endodontic infection by P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum could have on cellular and molecular events involved in oral carcinogenesis. Results from the reviewed papers indicate that infection by P. gingivalis and/or F. nucleatum triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in dental pulp cells or periodontal cells, affecting the survival, proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of OSCC cells. In addition, the two bacteria and the cytokines they induce halt the differentiation and stimulate the proliferation and invasion of stem cells populating the dental pulp or the periodontium. Although most of the literature confutes the possibility that bacteria-induced endodontic inflammatory diseases could impact on oral carcinogenesis, the papers we have analyzed and discussed herein recommend further investigations on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ciani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonio Libonati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Catholic University of Our Lady of Good Counsel of Tirane, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Campanella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
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2
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Harris A, Andl T. Precancerous Lesions of the Head and Neck Region and Their Stromal Aberrations: Piecemeal Data. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082192. [PMID: 37190121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) develop through a series of precancerous stages from a pool of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). Although we understand the genetic changes that lead to HNSCC, our understanding of the role of the stroma in the progression from precancer to cancer is limited. The stroma is the primary battleground between the forces that prevent and promote cancer growth. Targeting the stroma has yielded promising cancer therapies. However, the stroma at the precancerous stage of HNSCCs is poorly defined, and we may miss opportunities for chemopreventive interventions. PMDs already exhibit many features of the HNSCC stroma, such as inflammation, neovascularization, and immune suppression. Still, they do not induce cancer-associated fibroblasts or destroy the basal lamina, the stroma's initial structure. Our review aims to summarize the current understanding of the transition from precancer to cancer stroma and how this knowledge can reveal opportunities and limitations for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decisions to benefit patients. We will discuss what may be needed to fulfill the promise of the precancerous stroma as a target to prevent progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Harris
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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3
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Hemmerlein B, Reinhardt L, Wiechens B, Khromov T, Schliephake H, Brockmeyer P. Is CCL2 an Important Mediator of Mast Cell-Tumor Cell Interactions in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043641. [PMID: 36835050 PMCID: PMC9963724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of interactions between mast cells (MCs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor cells on tumor proliferation and invasion rates and identify soluble factors mediating this crosstalk. To this end, MC/OSCC interactions were characterized using the human MC cell line LUVA and the human OSCC cell line PCI-13. The influence of an MC-conditioned (MCM) medium and MC/OSCC co-cultures on the proliferative and invasive properties of the tumor cells was investigated, and the most interesting soluble factors were identified by multiplex ELISA analysis. LUVA/PCI-13 co-cultures increased tumor cell proliferation significantly (p = 0.0164). MCM reduced PCI-13 cell invasion significantly (p = 0.0010). CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion could be detected in PCI-13 monocultures and be significantly (p = 0.0161) increased by LUVA/PCI-13 co-cultures. In summary, the MC/OSCC interaction influences tumor cell characteristics, and CCL2 could be identified as a possible mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Reinhardt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wiechens
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Khromov
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Phillipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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4
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Kuo YC, Yu LY, Wang HY, Chen MJ, Wu MS, Liu CJ, Lin YC, Shih SC, Hu KC. Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastrointestinal tract malignant diseases: From the oral cavity to rectum. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:55-74. [PMID: 35116103 PMCID: PMC8790410 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has infected approximately fifty percent of humans for a long period of time. However, improvements in the public health environment have led to a decreased chance of H. pylori infection. However, a high infection rate is noted in populations with a high incidence rate of gastric cancer (GC). The worldwide fraction of GC attributable to H. pylori is greater than 85%, and a high H. pylori prevalence is noted in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients. These results indicate that the majority of GC cases can be prevented if H. pylori infection is eliminated. Because H. pylori exhibits oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission, the relationship between this microorganism and other digestive tract malignant diseases has also attracted attention. This review article provides an overview of H. pylori and the condition of the whole gastrointestinal tract environment to further understand the correlation between the pathogen and the host, thus allowing improved realization of disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Che Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Yip Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthy Evaluation Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Evaluate Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chun Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthy Evaluation Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 10038, Taiwan
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5
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Sundararajan A, Muthusamy R, Gopal Siva K, Harikrishnan P, Kumar SCK, Rathinasamy SK. Correlation of Mast Cell and Angiogenesis in Oral Lichen Planus, Dysplasia (Leukoplakia), and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2021; 12:RMMJ.10438. [PMID: 33938803 PMCID: PMC8092953 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare and correlate mast cell density (MCD) and microvessel density (MVD) between normal oral mucosa, oral lichen planus, various grades of dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised a total of 75 samples, of which 65 were archival tissue blocks of histopathologically confirmed cases, which included 10 cases of oral lichen planus, 25 cases of dysplasia (mild [n=10], moderate [n=10], and severe [n=5]), and 30 cases of OSCC (well differentiated [n=10], moderately differentiated [n=10], and poorly differentiated [n=10]), and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa. All the sections were immunohistochemically stained with anti-CD34 and counterstained with toluidine blue stain. Mean MCD and MVD were determined and analyzed using ANOVA test and compared between the lesions using Tukey HSD test. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used to correlate these two factors between various lesions. RESULTS Mean MCD and mean MVD were found to be increased in all the lesions compared to normal oral mucosa, and the values were statically significant. Overall, MCD and MVD showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.640). CONCLUSION Increase of MCD and MVD and their positive correlation in all the lesions have emphasized their role in the pathogenesis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amutha Sundararajan
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Mugappair, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Rajmohan Muthusamy
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kuchipalayam Post, Tiruchengode, India
| | - Kumar Gopal Siva
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kuchipalayam Post, Tiruchengode, India
| | - Prasad Harikrishnan
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kuchipalayam Post, Tiruchengode, India
| | - Sri Chinthu Kenniyan Kumar
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kuchipalayam Post, Tiruchengode, India
| | - Selva Kumar Rathinasamy
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Keerapakkam Village, Asan Nagar, Chengalpattu, India
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Teófilo CR, Ferreira Junior AEC, Batista AC, Fechini Jamacaru FV, Sousa FB, Lima Mota MR, Silva MFE, Barros Silva PGD, Alves APNN. Mast Cells and Blood Vessels Profile in Oral Carcinogenesis: An Immunohistochemistry Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1097-1102. [PMID: 32334476 PMCID: PMC7445991 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate angiogenesis and mast cell density in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: This was an observational, retrospective and quantitative study. The samples consisted of 60 tissue specimens from patients with squamous cell carcinoma, epithelial dysplasia and controls (n=20/group). Immunohistochemistry was performed using an anti-tryptase antibody to mast cells and anti-CD31 and anti-CD34 for blood vessels and we count the number of mast cells and determine the percentage of CD31 and CD34 antibody staining (vascular density). Results: The mast cells had lower density in OSCC compared to control and dysplasia (p = 0.009). In angiogenesis, the expression of CD31 showed a higher percentage of blood vessels in OSCC (p < 0.001), however, CD34 showed no difference between groups (p=0.092). The CD31 antibody presented as a high immunostaining in oral mucosa than CD34. Conclusions: The increased vascularity in squamous cell carcinoma suggests that angiogenesis begins when malignant transformation starts that seems to be inversely associated with the number of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodrigues Teófilo
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Oral Rehabilitation and Preventive Department, Dental School, Federal University of Goias, Goiana, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Bitu Sousa
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mário Rogério Lima Mota
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Malena Freitas E Silva
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo Goberlânio De Barros Silva
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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7
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Kurihara-Shimomura M, Sasahira T, Shimomura H, Bosserhoff AK, Kirita T. Mast cell chymase promotes angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis mediated by activation of melanoma inhibitory activity gene family members in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1093-1100. [PMID: 32319583 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are present in the tumor stroma, and MCs that express the mast cell‑specific proteases tryptase and chymase (MCTC) exhibit several tumor‑related functions. It was previously reported that melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) gene family members, including MIA, MIA2, and transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO), possess oncogenic functions in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the relationships between MCTC, and clinicopathological characteristics and activation of the MIA gene family in OSCC remain unknown. In the present study, the functional roles of MCTC in patients with OSCC were investigated using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. In addition, the effects of extracellular chymase on oral cancer cells were examined. In patients with OSCC, MCTC density was significantly affected by tumor progression and nodal metastasis, and was correlated with vessel density. MCTC density was also correlated with MIA and MIA2 expression. In OSCC cells, extracellular chymase promoted the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor family proteins, and the transmigration and adhesion of HSC3 cells to endothelial cells; knockdown of MIA, MIA2 and TANGO attenuated these effects. The present findings indicated that MCTC act as tumor‑progressive factors in OSCC via the activation and secretion of MIA and MIA2, and the induction of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634‑8521, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634‑8521, Japan
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Friedrich‑Alexander University Erlangen‑Nürnberg, D‑91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634‑8521, Japan
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8
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Paolino G, Corsetti P, Moliterni E, Corsetti S, Didona D, Albanesi M, Mattozzi C, Lido P, Calvieri S. Mast cells and cancer. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2017; 154:650-668. [PMID: 29192477 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are a potent proangiogenic factor in tumors, they product several pro-angiogenic factors such as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), tryptase and chymase. Tryptase is a serine protease classified as α-tryptase and β-tryptase, both produced by MCs. Tryptase degrades the tissues, playing an important role in angiogenesis and in the development of metastases. Serum tryptase increases with age, with increased damage to cells and risk of developing a malignancy and it could be considered the expression of a fundamental role of MCs in tumor growth or, on the contrary, in the antitumor response. Many biomarkers have been developed in clinical practice for improving diagnosis and prognosis of some neoplasms. Elevated tryptase levels are found in subgroups of patients with haematologic and solid cancers. In the current review, we want to update the perspectives of tryptase as a potential biomarker in daily practice in different neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Serena Corsetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy -
| | - Dario Didona
- First Division of Dermatology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Albanesi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Lido
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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9
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Schiegnitz E, Kämmerer PW, Schön H, Gülle C, Berres M, Sagheb K, Al-Nawas B. The matrix metalloproteinase and insulin-like growth factor system in oral cancer - a prospective clinical study. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5099-5105. [PMID: 29123408 PMCID: PMC5661464 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s149231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The absence of reliable single serum biomarkers for oral premalignant lesion (OPL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) limits early diagnosis, monitoring of advanced disease, and prediction of prognosis. Methods In this prospective study, serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-13, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 were measured in 81 untreated OSCC patients, 49 healthy subjects, and 75 individuals with OPLs, and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results Serum levels of MMP-3 were significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to healthy subjects (p=0.004). Mean IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in OSCC patients were significantly lower in healthy subjects (p=0.001 and p<0.001). OSCC patients with an IGF-1 serum value <130 ng/mL (median) showed a significantly lower survival rate compared to ≥130 ng/mL (p=0.049). Combined use of IGF-1 (<130 ng/mL) and IGFBP-3 (<3.1 μg/mL) resulted in a significantly lower 12-month cumulative survival compared to the complementary set (78.5% vs 93.8%; p=0.031). There was a significantly positive correlation between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 serum values (rs =0.625, p<0.001). Conclusion This study shows that IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 have a vital role in the pathogenesis of OSCC and indicates for the first time that IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in combination may be applied as potential tools for prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eik Schiegnitz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz
| | - Peer W Kämmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock
| | - Holger Schön
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz
| | - Christoph Gülle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Remagen.,Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz
| | - Keyvan Sagheb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Martin-Luther University Halle, Halle, Germany
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10
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Gadbail AR, Chaudhary MS, Sarode SC, Gawande M, Korde S, Tekade SA, Gondivkar S, Hande A, Maladhari R. Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA expressions better relate the binary oral epithelial dysplasia grading system of World Health Organization. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:921-927. [PMID: 28672080 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The binary system of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) has never been investigated with reference to the carcinogenesis-related biomarkers. Hence, Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA immune-expressions were studied in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to assess their relationship with the binary OED grading system of World Health Organization. METHODS The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded tissues of 30 normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 140 OPMD cases. OPMD cases were classified into two groups "no/questionable/hyperkeratosis/mild"=low-risk epithelial dysplasia (LRED) and "moderate or severe"=high-risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED). The immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of Ki67, CD 105, and α-SMA antigen. RESULTS According to the binary grading system of WHO, 69 (49.28%) cases were LRED, while 71 (50.71%) case showed HRED. There was significant increase in Ki67 labeling index (LI) from NOM to LRED to HRED (P=.000). Similarly, mean vascular density (MVD) also increased significantly from NOM to LRED to HRED (P=.000). The α-SMA expression was significantly higher in HERD compared to LRED and NOM (P=.000). A positive correlation was noted among Ki67 LI, MVD, and α-SMA expressions in NOM, LRED, and HRED (P=.000). CONCLUSION The expressions of ki67, CD105, and α-SMA markers compliment binary grading system of OED in OPMDS, thus justifying its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Ramchandra Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal S Chaudhary
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri Gawande
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sheetal Korde
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Yerala Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Mumbai, India
| | - Satyajit Ashok Tekade
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Modern Dental College & Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka Hande
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupesh Maladhari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College & Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Forster JC, Harriss-Phillips WM, Douglass MJ, Bezak E. A review of the development of tumor vasculature and its effects on the tumor microenvironment. HYPOXIA 2017; 5:21-32. [PMID: 28443291 PMCID: PMC5395278 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s133231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The imbalance of angiogenic regulators in tumors drives tumor angiogenesis and causes the vasculature to develop much differently in tumors than in normal tissue. There are several cancer therapy techniques currently being used and developed that target the tumor vasculature for the treatment of solid tumors. This article reviews the aspects of the tumor vasculature that are relevant to most cancer therapies but particularly to vascular targeting techniques. Materials and methods We conducted a review of identified experiments in which tumors were transplanted into animals to study the development of the tumor vasculature with tumor growth. Quantitative vasculature morphology data for spontaneous human head and neck cancers are reviewed. Parameters assessed include the highest microvascular density (h-MVD) and the relative vascular volume (RVV). The effects of the vasculature on the tumor microenvironment are discussed, including the distributions of hypoxia and proliferation. Results Data for the h-MVD and RVV in head and neck cancers are highly varied, partly due to methodological differences. However, it is clear that the cancers are typically more vascularized than the corresponding normal tissue. The commonly observed chronic hypoxia and acute hypoxia in these tumors are due to high intratumor heterogeneity in MVD and lower than normal blood oxygenation levels through the abnormally developed tumor vasculature. Hypoxic regions are associated with decreased cell proliferation. Conclusion The morphology of the vasculature strongly influences the tumor microenvironment, with important implications for tumor response to medical intervention such as radiotherapy. Quantitative vasculature morphology data herein may be used to inform computational models that simulate the spatial tumor vasculature. Such models may play an important role in exploring and optimizing vascular targeting cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C Forster
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide.,Department of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital
| | - Wendy M Harriss-Phillips
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide.,Department of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital
| | - Michael Jj Douglass
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide.,Department of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital
| | - Eva Bezak
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide.,Sansom Institute for Health Research and the School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Laishram D, Rao K, Devi HSU, Priya NS, Smitha T, Sheethal HS. Mast cells and angiogenesis in malignant and premalignant oral lesions: An immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017; 21:229-238. [PMID: 28932032 PMCID: PMC5596673 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_111_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Angiogenesis is a complex event facilitated by angiogenic factors released from neoplastic and host immune cells. Among host immune cells, mast cells (MCs) may have greater significance in tumor progression through angiogenesis. The objectives of the study were to evaluate and correlate mast cell density (MCD) and microvessel density (MVD) in normal gingival tissue, leukoplakia with and without dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases. Materials and Methods: Among eighty selected cases, twenty were of normal gingiva, twenty each of leukoplakia without and with dysplasia and twenty of OSCC. The slides were stained with CD34 and counterstained with 0.1% toluidine blue, followed by quantification of MCD and MVD per high-power field (×40) using Image-Pro Express software. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test and correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Observation and Results: A statistically significant difference in the values of MVD and MCD between normal gingival tissue, leukoplakia with and without dysplasia and OSCC (P = 0.000) was observed. MVD and MCD showed a positive correlation between the study groups. Conclusion: MVD and MCD increased significantly in cases of OSCC as compared to leukoplakia with and without dysplasia and normal gingival tissue. It was concluded that MCs may play a significant role in angiogenesis by releasing pro-angiogenic and angiogenic factors which may in turn favor the progression of premalignant lesion to a malignant one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Laishram
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavita Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Uma Devi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N S Priya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T Smitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Sheethal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kouhsoltani M, Moradzadeh Khiavi M, Tahamtan S. Evaluation of mast cell counts and microvessel density in reactive lesions of the oral cavity. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016; 10:241-246. [PMID: 28096950 PMCID: PMC5237671 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2016.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Reliable immunohistochemical assays to assess the definitive role of mast cells (MCs) and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of oral reactive lesions are generally not available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mast cell counts (MCC) and microvessel density (MVD) in oral reactive lesions and determine the correlation between MCC and MVD. Methods. Seventy-five cases of reactive lesions of the oral cavity, including pyogenic granuloma, fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, peripheral ossifying fibroma (15 for each category) were immunohisto-chemically stained with MC tryptase and CD31. Fifteen cases of normal gingival tissue were considered as the control group. The mean MCC and MVD in superficial and deep connective tissues were assessed and total MCC and MVD was computed for each lesion. Results. Statistically significant differences were observed in MCC and MVD between the study groups (P < 0.001). MC tryptase and CD31 expression increased in the superficial connective tissue of each lesion in comparison to the deep con-nective tissue. A significant negative correlation was not found between MCC and MVD in oral reactive lesions (P < 0.001, r = -0.458). Conclusion. Although MCs were present in the reactive lesions of the oral cavity, a direct correlation between MCC and MVD was not found in these lesions. Therefore, a significant interaction between MCs and endothelial cells and an active role for MCs in the growth of oral reactive lesions was not found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kouhsoltani
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center and Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monir Moradzadeh Khiavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Tahamtan
- Postgraduate Student, Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Myofibroblasts and mast cells: influences on biological behavior of odontogenic lesions. Ann Diagn Pathol 2016; 34:66-71. [PMID: 29661731 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenic lesions differ in their rate of recurrence and aggressiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of myofibroblasts and mast cells in odontogenic lesions. Sample consisted of 20 cases each of dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and solid ameloblastomas. Histologic sections were submitted to immunohistochemistry using anti-α-smooth muscle actin and anti-tryptase antibodies. Myofibroblasts and mast cells were counted at ×400 magnification in 5 and 10 fields, respectively. Myofibroblasts were more frequent in ameloblastomas (24.41), followed by odontogenic keratocysts (16.21) and dentigerous cysts (11.85; P=.002). Granulated and degranulated mast cells were more frequent in dentigerous cysts (7.88 and 8.96, respectively), followed by odontogenic keratocysts (6.53 and 7.08) and ameloblastomas (5.21 and 1.88). The difference was only significant for degranulated mast cells (P<.05). Analysis of the correlation between myofibroblasts and mast cells (granulated and degranulated) revealed a moderate positive correlation only in ameloblastomas (R=0.621, P=.003). Probably, myofibroblasts are related to the biological behavior of the odontogenic lesions studied, particularly their aggressiveness. On the other hand, mast cells seem to be associated with inflammatory processes, which are more frequent in cystic lesions than in benign neoplasms. In addition, mast cells may induce the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, thus increasing the number of the latter.
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Mast Cells: Key Players in the Shadow in Oral Inflammation and in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9235080. [PMID: 27847826 PMCID: PMC5101369 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although mast cells (MCs) have been discovered over 130 years ago, their function was almost exclusively linked to allergic affections. At the time being, it is well known that MCs possess a great variety of roles, in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In the oral tissues, MCs release different proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), that promote leukocyte infiltration in various inflammatory states of the oral cavity. These cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and, as a consequence, their number changes in different pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, like gingivitis, periodontitis, and so on. MCs also represent a rich source of proteases, especially of mast cell tryptase and chymase, which directly degrade the extracellular matrix through their proteolytic activity and thus indirectly stimulate angiogenesis and facilitate invasion and metastasis. It may be stated that mast cells could have an impact on primary tumor development, progression, and metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma. By understanding the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory and tumor diseases of the oral cavity, these cells may become therapeutic targets that could possibly improve the prognosis and survival of these patients.
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Ramsridhar S, Narasimhan M. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Mast Cells in Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC100-3. [PMID: 27656549 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19297.8334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 90% of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas with oral leukoplakia being the most common potentially malignant disorder. Among the cell types in the stroma, mast cells play an important role in tumourigenesis through various mechanisms. AIM The present study was aimed at comparing the mast cell count among normal oral mucosa, leukoplakia and Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) and to evaluate the possible role of mast cells in carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mast cell count was assessed immunohistochemically using anti-mast cell tryptase amongst 20 cases of leukoplakia and OSSC each and 10 normal gingival samples. Overall comparison was done using Kruskal Wallis test and intergroup comparison was done using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The results of the present study showed an increase in mast cell count from normal oral mucosa (Mean: 7.73) to leukoplakia (Mean: 15.11) to squamous cell carcinoma (Mean: 22.73). Comparison of mean number of mast cells amongst three groups (p-value: 0.001) and intergroup comparisons showed statistical significance. CONCLUSION Mast cells favour malignant transformation and can be used as indicators of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Ramsridhar
- Former Postgraduate, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai, India
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Pereira T, Dodal S, Tamgadge A, Bhalerao S, Tamgadge S. Quantitative evaluation of microvessel density using CD34 in clinical variants of ameloblastoma: An immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:51-8. [PMID: 27194862 PMCID: PMC4860937 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.180929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Odontogenic epithelium plays an important role in the histogenesis of odontogenic tumors of the jaws. Ameloblastomas, which arise from odontogenic epithelium, are considered benign with little tendency to metastasize. Tumors require an adequate supply of oxygen and a way to remove their waste products. This can be achieved by angiogenesis. In situ quantification of the microvessel density (MVD) is a usual method for assessing angiogenesis. Moreover, angiogenesis may differ in subtypes of ameloblastomas and could play a role in determining the pattern of tumor growth. Aim: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD34) in variants of ameloblastomas and to correlate and compare their expression to the aggressive behavior. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study which included forty paraffin blocks was conducted after obtaining ethical committee clearance. Ten cases of pyogenic granuloma were used as a positive control and thirty cases were of solid multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA), unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) and desmoplastic ameloblastomas. Angiogenesis was assessed using CD34 antigen and was immunohistochemically localized. Statistical analysis was carried out for comparative analysis with the help of ANOVA test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and least significance difference test. Results: A significant correlation was obtained between the MVD of all the three variants, i.e., SMA, UA and desmoplastic ameloblastomas which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Increased MVD in the three variants, i.e., SMA, UA and desmoplastic ameloblastoma seen in the present study could suggest that the angiogenesis has an important role in tumor progression and aggressiveness of ameloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treville Pereira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry, D. Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shashibhushan Dodal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry, D. Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Tamgadge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry, D. Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhir Bhalerao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry, D. Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhya Tamgadge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry, D. Y. Patil University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Serum and salivary levels of chemerin and MMP-9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral premalignant lesions. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:937-947. [PMID: 27161218 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate serum and salivary levels of chemerin and MMP-9 as early diagnostic biomarkers for patients with oral premalignant lesions (OPMLs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS This study included 45 individuals; 15 healthy control, 15 patients with OPMLs, and 15 patients with early stage OSCC. Chemerin and MMP-9 were determined in serum and saliva samples utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Serum and salivary levels of chemerin and MMP-9 in patients with OSCC were significantly higher than OPMLs and control group. Patients with OPMLs showed also elevated profiles for serum and salivary chemerin and MMP-9 compared to control group. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed that all tested biomarkers have 100 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity with area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00 in detecting early stage OSCC and OPMLs. In distinguishing OSCC from OPMLs, salivary MMP-9, serum chemerin, and salivary chemerin showed AUC of 0.99, 0.92, and 0.88, respectively, showing higher sensitivity and specificity compared with serum MMP-9 (AUC; 0.6) which failed to differentiate between the two conditions. CONCLUSION Chemerin and MMP-9 might be considered as salivary diagnostic biomarkers for OPMLs and early detection of OSCC and also for detecting early cancerization of OPMLs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This research implied that salivary chemerin was a novel diagnostic factor for patients with OPML and early stage OSCC patients, and chemerin could be a new therapeutic target for regulating cancer angiogenesis and blocking malignization of OPMLs.
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Ingaleshwar PS, Pandit S, Desai D, Redder CP, Shetty AS, Mithun KM. Immunohistochemical analysis of angiogenesis by CD34 and mast cells by toluidine blue in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:467-473. [PMID: 27721613 PMCID: PMC5051296 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.190950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Angiogenesis is a complex event mediated by angiogenic factors released from cancer cells and immune cells. It has been reported to be associated with progression, aggressiveness and metastases of various malignant tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Similarly, mast cells have also been reported to play a role in tumor progression and metastases by promoting angiogenesis. Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare microvessel density (MVD) and mast cell density (MCD) in different histological grades of OSCC in comparison with normal oral mucosa (NM). Materials and Methods: Comparison of MVD by CD34 and MCD by toluidine blue among different histological grades of OSCC and in NM as controls. Statistical Analysis: The results were analysed using “t” test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation co-efficient. Results: The mean MVD was higher in different grades as compared to normal mucosa. Intergroup comparison of increase in MVD between different grades of OSCC was not found to be highly statistically significant. Pearson's correlation between MVD and MCD revealed a linear increase in MVD as the MCD increased, suggestive of a positive correlation. Conclusion: There was significant correlation found between MVD and MCD which was in agreement that mast cells promote tumor progression through upregulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siddharth Pandit
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, A.J Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinkar Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, A.J Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C Pramod Redder
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhil S Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Subbaiah Dental College, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | - K M Mithun
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Subbaiah Dental College, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
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Rosin FCP, Barcessat ARP, Borges GG, Corrêa L. Effect of 5-ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy on mast cell and microvessels densities present in oral premalignant lesions induced in rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:429-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Cole-Healy Z, Vergani P, Hunter K, Brown NJ, Reed MW, Staton CA. The relationship between semaphorin 3C and microvessel density in the progression of breast and oral neoplasia. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Meng X, Wang Q, He C, Chen M, Liu J, Liu W, Yuan Y. An inverse association of Helicobacter pylori infection with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:17-22. [PMID: 25899621 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and oral diseases. In this study, we explored the correlation between H. pylori infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS A total of 68 patients with OSCC and 104 age- and sex- matched healthy control subjects were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The H. pylori immunoglobin (Ig) G antibodies in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to assess the status of H. pylori infection of our study sample. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also employed using H. pylori genus-specific 16S rRNA primers in fasting blood, and OSCC specimens were analyzed by histochemical stain of each enrolled subject. The strength of correlation between H. pylori and the development of OSCC was estimated by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS According to the three methods for detecting prevalence of H. pylori infection in the patients with OSCC, it was statistically lower than that in the healthy controls (35.3% vs. 54.8%, P = 0.012). An inverse correlation was observed between H. pylori infection and OSCC development (Spearman's correlation coefficient = -0.191, P = 0.012). In stratification analysis, we also found a statistical association between H. pylori infection and OSCC in the subpopulation with age ≥ 60 years (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that H. pylori infection may be negatively related to OSCC. A reverse association of H. pylori infection with OSCC risk in the subpopulation with age ≥ 60 years was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Meng
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiuxu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Caiyun He
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Moye Chen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Weixian Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shengyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
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Kamal R, Dahiya P, Goyal N, Kumar M, Sharma N, Saini HR. Mast cells and oral pathologies: A Review. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:35-9. [PMID: 25810632 PMCID: PMC4367065 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.149075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are resident cells of several types of tissues and contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. They are distributed preferentially about the micro-vascular endothelial cells in the oral mucosa. These cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and thus their number has been found to be altered in various oral pathological conditions such as oral pyogenic granuloma, oral lichen planus, leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, periapical cysts etc. The present review article is aimed to describe the alteration in the number of MCs along with their probable roles in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reet Kamal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College, Shimla, India
| | - Parveen Dahiya
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Niti Goyal
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neeta Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College, Shimla, India
| | - Hans Raj Saini
- Departmrent of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Trackman PC, Kantarci A. Molecular and clinical aspects of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. J Dent Res 2015; 94:540-6. [PMID: 25680368 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515571265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a tissue-specific condition and is estimated to affect approximately one million North Americans. Lesions occur principally as side-effects from phenytoin, nifedipine, or ciclosporin therapy in approximately half of the people who take these agents. Due to new indications for these drugs, their use continues to grow. Here, we review the molecular and cellular characteristics of human gingival overgrowth lesions and highlight how they differ considerably as a function of the causative drug. Analyses of molecular signaling pathways in cultured human gingival fibroblasts have provided evidence for their unique aspects compared with fibroblasts from the lung and kidney. These findings provide insights into both the basis for tissue specificity and into possible therapeutic opportunities which are reviewed here. Although ciclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth lesions exhibit principally the presence of inflammation and little fibrosis, nifedipine- and especially phenytoin-induced lesions are highly fibrotic. The increased expression of markers of gingival fibrosis, particularly CCN2 [also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)], markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and more recently periostin and members of the lysyl oxidase family of enzymes have been documented in phenytoin or nifedipine lesions. Some oral fibrotic conditions such as leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis, after subsequent additional genetic damage, can develop into oral cancer. Since many pathways are shared, the study of gingival fibrosis and comparisons with characteristics and molecular drivers of oral cancer would likely enhance understandings and functional roles of molecular drivers of these oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Trackman
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Oldford SA, Marshall JS. Mast cells as targets for immunotherapy of solid tumors. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:113-24. [PMID: 24698842 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells have historically been studied mainly in the context of allergic disease. In recent years, we have come to understand the critical importance of mast cells in tissue remodeling events and their role as sentinel cells in the induction and development of effective immune responses to infection. Studies of the role of mast cells in tumor immunity are more limited. The pro-tumorigenic role of mast cells has been widely reported. However, mast cell infiltration predicts improved prognosis in some cancers, suggesting that their prognostic value may be dependent on other variables. Such factors may include the nature of local mast cell subsets and the various activation stimuli present within the tumor microenvironment. Experimental models have highlighted the importance of mast cells in orchestrating the anti-tumor events that follow immunotherapies that target innate immunity. Mast cells are long-lived tissue resident cells that are abundant around many solid tumors and are radiation resistant making them unique candidates for combined treatment modalities. This review will examine some of the key roles of mast cells in tumor immunity, with a focus on potential immunotherapeutic interventions that harness the sentinel role of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Oldford
- Dalhousie Inflammation Group, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S Marshall
- Dalhousie Inflammation Group, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Incidence of mast cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a short study. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2014; 2014:614291. [PMID: 24587802 PMCID: PMC3920617 DOI: 10.1155/2014/614291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are regarded as complex and multifunctional cells, playing a significant role in immunopathology and a substantial role in tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex process that is tightly regulated by various growth factors in which mast cells act directly by releasing angiogenic factors and henceforth promoting tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the number of mast cells in tissue sections of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in comparison with normal mucosa. A total of 40 cases (20 OSCC and 20 normal mucosa) were stained with 1% toluidine blue and the quantitative analysis was done by using light microscope under 400x magnification. A significant increase in the mast cell count was observed in the sections of OSCC when compared to normal mucosa suggesting their contributing role in tumor growth and progression.
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Biswas A, Richards JE, Massaro J, Mahalingam M. Mast cells in cutaneous tumors: innocent bystander or maestro conductor? Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:806-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asok Biswas
- Department of Pathology; Western General Hospital; Edinburgh UK
| | - Joanna E. Richards
- Dermatopathology Section; Department of Dermatology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - Joseph Massaro
- Department of Biostatistics; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section; Department of Dermatology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
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Mohtasham N, Babakoohi S, Shiva A, Shadman A, Kamyab-Hesari K, Shakeri MT, Sharifi-Sistani N. Immunohistochemical study of p53, Ki-67, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression at invasive front of squamous cell and verrucous carcinoma in oral cavity. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sathyakumar M, Sriram G, Saraswathi T, Sivapathasundharam B. Immunohistochemical evaluation of mast cells and vascular endothelial proliferation in oral precancerous lesion-leukoplakia. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:343-8. [PMID: 23248463 PMCID: PMC3519206 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral leukoplakia is the best-known precursor lesion. Although a morphologic feature of oral epithelial dysplasia is well described, less is known about the pathobiologic changes within the cells and over the cell surfaces for malignant transformation. Aims: The present study is aimed at comparing and correlating the mast cell density (MCD) and micro vascular density (MVD) in Normal Mucosa (NM) and different grades of dysplasia and to analyze their role in disease progression. Materials and Methods: MCD was assessed using anti mast cell tryptase and MVD was assessed immunohistochemically using anti-Factor VIII related von Willibrand factor. Results: The Results of the present study showed an exponential increase in microvessel density as mast cell density increased. Conclusion: The role of mast cells in angiogenesis as it progresses from normal mucosa to dysplasia is in concordance with the study. The number of mast cells and microvessel can be used as indictors of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sathyakumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM, Kattankulathur Dental College, Tamil Nadu, India
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Motamedi S, Shilagard T, Edward K, Koong L, Qui S, Vargas G. Gold nanorods for intravital vascular imaging of preneoplastic oral mucosa. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:1194-203. [PMID: 21559131 PMCID: PMC3087576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We explore the feasibility of using gold nanorods with efficient two-photon luminescence properties as contrast agents for intravital imaging of neoplasia. This investigation spanned ex vivo characterization in cells/tissue to in vivo implementation in an oral carcinogenesis model. GNRs were >40 times brighter than surrounding tissue. Intravital imaging revealed 3D microvasculature, and in dysplasia, abnormal vessels (dense and tortuous) compared to normal. GNRs were diffusely distributed in lesions after 24 hours. No known previous study has revealed abnormal vessel structure in dysplasia by imaging. Results suggest GNRs can function as high-contrast agents for in vivo visualization of carcinogenesis features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saam Motamedi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0456
| | - Tuya Shilagard
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0456
| | - Kert Edward
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0456
| | - Luke Koong
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0456
- Present address, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Suimin Qui
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0456
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-04565
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0456
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-04565
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0456
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