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Liu W, Chen G, Xie J, Liang T, Zhang C, Liao X, Liao W, Song L, Zhang X. A New Coordinate System for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Vestibular System. Front Neurol 2022; 12:789887. [PMID: 35069419 PMCID: PMC8766740 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.789887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To develop and evaluate a new coordinate system for MRI of the vestibular system. Methods: In this study, 53 internal auditory canal MRI and 78 temporal bone CT datasets were analyzed. Mimics Medical software version 21.0 was used to visualize and three-dimensionally reconstruct the image data. We established a new coordinate system, named W–X, based on the center of the bilateral eyeballs and vertex of the bilateral superior semicircular canals. Using the W–X coordinate system and Reid's coordinate system, we measured the orientations of the planes of the anterior semicircular canal (ASCC), the lateral semicircular canal (LSCC), and the posterior semicircular canal (PSCC). Results: No significant differences between the angles measured using CT and MRI were found for any of the semicircular canal planes (p > 0.05). No statistical differences were found between the angles measured using Reid's coordinate system (CT) and the W–X coordinate system (MRI). The mean values of ∠ASCC & LSCC, ∠ASCC & PSCC, and ∠LSCC & PSCC were 84.67 ± 5.76, 94.21 ± 3.81, and 91.79 ± 5.22 degrees, respectively. The angle between the LSCC plane and the horizontal imaging plane was 15.64 ± 3.92 degrees, and the angle between the PSCC plane and the sagittal imaging plane was 48.79 ± 4.46 degrees. Conclusion: A new W–X coordinate system was developed for MRI studies of the vestibular system and can be used to measure the orientations of the semicircular canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu S, Lin P, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Yang X. Measurement of Human Semicircular Canal Spatial Attitude. Front Neurol 2021; 12:741948. [PMID: 34630312 PMCID: PMC8498035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.741948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Located deep in the temporal bone, the semicircular canal is a subtle structure that requires a spatial coordinate system for measurement and observation. In this study, 55 semicircular canal and eyeball models were obtained by segmentation of MRI data. The spatial coordinate system was established by taking the top of the common crus and the bottom of the eyeball as the horizontal plane. First, the plane equation was established according to the centerline of the semicircular canals. Then, according to the parameters of the plane equation, the plane normal vectors were obtained. Finally, the average unit normal vector of each semicircular canal plane was obtained by calculating the average value of the vectors. The standard normal vectors of the and left posterior semicircular canal, superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal were [−0.651, 0.702, 0.287], [0.749, 0.577, 0.324], [−0.017, −0.299, 0.954], [0.660, 0.702, 0.266], [−0.739, 0.588, 0.329], [0.025, −0.279, 0.960]. The different angles for the different ways of calculating the standard normal vectors of the right and left posterior semicircular canal, superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal were 0.011, 0.028, 0.008, 0.011, 0.024, and 0.006 degrees. The technology for measuring the semicircular canal spatial attitudes in this study are reliable, and the measurement results can guide vestibular function examinations and help with guiding the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Wu
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- ENT Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaobang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Yang
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Peripheral Downbeat Positional Nystagmus: Apogeotropic Posterior Canal or Anterior Canal BPPV. J Neurol Phys Ther 2020; 43 Suppl 2:S8-S13. [PMID: 30883487 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) during the Dix-Hallpike test (DHT) suggests excitation of the anterior canal (AC) or inhibition of the posterior canal (PC) underlying benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). This case series describes 2 individuals presenting with DBN in positional testing suggestive of a PC BPPV variant termed apogeotropic PC-BPPV and due to inhibition of the PC. CASE DESCRIPTIONS Case 1 illustrates a DBN during positional testing (PC inhibition) that changes to an upbeating nystagmus (PC excitation) representing the otoconial material changing location and direction of movement within the PC. Case 2 describes a canal jam in the nonampullary segment of the PC. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Apogeotropic PC-BPPV can cause DBN due to inhibition of the vestibular afferent. Apogeotropic PC-BPPV may be due to a canal jam of debris within the nonampullary segment or cupulolithiasis with debris attached to the inferior-most aspect of the cupula within the PC. It can be difficult to differentiate AC-BPPV from the apogeotropic PC-BPPV variant. In both forms, the affected canal may be provoked in 1 or both positions of the DHT and straight head hanging position. However, in AC-BPPV there may only be a slight or absent torsional component toward the involved ear. In apogeotropic PC-BPPV, a strong torsion away from the involved ear is typically observed. The straight head hanging position may resolve AC-BPPV or convert apogeotropic PC-BPPV to typical PC-BPPV. SUMMARY These 2 cases illustrate atypical variants of BPPV that clinicians must consider in their interpretation of DBN during positional testing, particularly in the absence of other neurological signs.
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Lyu HY, Chen KG, Yin DM, Hong J, Yang L, Zhang TY, Dai PD. The Age-Related Orientational Changes of Human Semicircular Canals. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 9:109-15. [PMID: 27090280 PMCID: PMC4881327 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2014.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Some changes are found in the labyrinth anatomy during postnatal development. Although the spatial orientation of semicircular canals was thought to be stable after birth, we investigated the age-related orientational changes of human semicircular canals during development. Methods We retrospectively studied the computed tomography (CT) images of both ears of 76 subjects ranged from 1 to 70 years old. They were divided into 4 groups: group A (1–6 years), group B (7–12 years), group C (13–18 years), and group D (>18 years). The anatomical landmarks of the inner ear structures were determined from CT images. Their coordinates were imported into MATLAB software for calculating the semicircular canals orientation, angles between semicircular canal planes and the jugular bulb (JB) position. Differences between age groups were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Relationships between variables were analyzed using Pearson analysis. Results The angle between the anterior semicircular canal plane and the coronal plane, and the angle between the horizontal semicircular canal plane and the coronal plane were smaller in group D than those in group A (P<0.05). The JB position, especially the anteroposterior position of right JB, correlated to the semicircular canals orientation (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences in the angles between ipsilateral canal planes among different age groups were found. Conclusion The semicircular canals had tendencies to tilt anteriorly simultaneously as a whole with age. The JB position correlated to the spatial arrangement of semicircular canals, especially the right JB. Our calculation method helps detect developmental and pathological changes in vestibular anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Lyu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Guang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Ming Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Dong Dai
- Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, China
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Planer orientation of the bilateral semicircular canals in dizzy patients. Auris Nasus Larynx 2012; 39:451-4. [PMID: 22099698 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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