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Byrne DP, Shrestha S, Daly LA, Marensi V, Ramakrishnan K, Eyers CE, Kannan N, Eyers PA. Evolutionary and cellular analysis of the 'dark' pseudokinase PSKH2. Biochem J 2023; 480:141-160. [PMID: 36520605 PMCID: PMC9988210 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pseudokinases, so named because they lack one or more conserved canonical amino acids that define their catalytically active relatives, have evolved a variety of biological functions in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Human PSKH2 is closely related to the canonical kinase PSKH1, which maps to the CAMK family of protein kinases. Primates encode PSKH2 in the form of a pseudokinase, which is predicted to be catalytically inactive due to loss of the invariant catalytic Asp residue. Although the biological role(s) of vertebrate PSKH2 proteins remains unclear, we previously identified species-level adaptions in PSKH2 that have led to the appearance of kinase or pseudokinase variants in vertebrate genomes alongside a canonical PSKH1 paralog. In this paper we confirm that, as predicted, PSKH2 lacks detectable protein phosphotransferase activity, and exploit structural informatics, biochemistry and cellular proteomics to begin to characterise vertebrate PSKH2 orthologues. AlphaFold 2-based structural analysis predicts functional roles for both the PSKH2 N- and C-regions that flank the pseudokinase domain core, and cellular truncation analysis confirms that the N-terminal domain, which contains a conserved myristoylation site, is required for both stable human PSKH2 expression and localisation to a membrane-rich subcellular fraction containing mitochondrial proteins. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we confirm that human PSKH2 is part of a cellular mitochondrial protein network, and that its expression is regulated through client-status within the HSP90/Cdc37 molecular chaperone system. HSP90 interactions are mediated through binding to the PSKH2 C-terminal tail, leading us to predict that this region might act as both a cis and trans regulatory element, driving outputs linked to the PSKH2 pseudokinase domain that are important for functional signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P. Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Safal Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Leonard A. Daly
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Vanessa Marensi
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Krithika Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Claire E. Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Patrick A. Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
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Maeda Y, Kariya S, Uraguchi K, Takahara J, Fujimoto S, Sugaya A, Nishizaki K. Immediate changes in transcription factors and synaptic transmission in the cochlea following acoustic trauma: A gene transcriptome study. Neurosci Res 2020; 165:6-13. [PMID: 32417196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic mechanisms in cochleae immediately following the onset of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) remain unclear. In this study, mice were exposed to 120 dB of octave band noise for 2 h to induce NIHL. Three hours after noise exposure, expression levels of the whole mouse genome in cochleae were analyzed by RNA-seq and DNA microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibiting >2-fold upregulation or downregulation in noise-exposed cochleae compared to controls without noise exposure were identified. RNA-seq and microarray analyses identified 273 DEGs regulated at 3 h post-noise (51 upregulated and 222 downregulated). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these DEGs were associated with the functional gene pathway "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction" and included 28 genes encoding receptors for neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate. Other DEGs included 25 genes encoding transcription factors. Downregulation of 4 neurotransmitter receptors (Gabra3, Gabra5, Gabrb1, Grm1) and upregulations of 5 transcription factors (Atf3, Dbp, Helt, Maff, Nr1d1) were validated by RT-PCR. The differentially regulated transcription factor Atf3 immunolocalized to supporting cells and hair cells in the organ of Corti at 12-h post-noise. The present data serve as a basis for further studies aimed at developing medical treatments for acute sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihide Maeda
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shin Kariya
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kensuke Uraguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junko Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akiko Sugaya
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nishizaki
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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A Polymer-Based Extended Release System for Stable, Long-term Intracochlear Drug Delivery. Otol Neurotol 2019; 39:1195-1202. [PMID: 30199502 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate a new polymer-based drug coating suitability for safe intracochlear delivery and ability to maintain long-term physiologically active levels of the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate. STUDY DESIGN In vitro dissolution study to evaluate release profiles of polymer-coated drug particles and in vivo studies using a guinea pig model to measure perilymph drug concentrations at specific time points after implantation with polymer-coated drug particles and evaluate their effect on hearing function. METHODS Polymer-coated fluticasone propionate (FP) particles were surgically implanted in guinea pigs through the round window membrane into the cochlear scala tympani. In the pilot study, pre- and post-op hearing thresholds were conducted on days 7, 14, and 42. In a second study, post-op hearing thresholds were conducted on days 90, 120, and 180. Perilymph drug concentrations were measured on the same time points. RESULTS In 15 of 16 animals from day 7 through day 90, drug levels were within the targeted range, with no initial burst release detected. Drug was present in all animals on day 90 and was detected in some animals at 120 and 180 days. Hearing was tested and compared with non-implanted ears. Very good hearing preservation was observed in ears implanted with intracochlear particles when compared with contralateral ears. CONCLUSIONS The polymer-based extended release system is effective in providing long-term, stable drug delivery for at least 90 days with good hearing outcomes. The results of this study support the potential for achieving long-term drug delivery with a single intracochlear administration.
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Ahmadi N, Gausterer JC, Honeder C, Mötz M, Schöpper H, Zhu C, Saidov N, Gabor F, Arnoldner C. Long-term effects and potential limits of intratympanic dexamethasone-loaded hydrogels combined with dexamethasone-eluting cochlear electrodes in a low-insertion trauma Guinea pig model. Hear Res 2019; 384:107825. [PMID: 31669876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implantation has become the most effective hearing restoration method and is one of the great advances in modern medicine. Early implants have been continuously developed into more efficient devices, and electro-acoustic stimulation is increasingly expanding the indication criteria for cochlear implants to patients with more residual hearing. Therefore, protecting the cochlear structures and maintaining its intrinsic capacities like residual hearing has become more important than ever before. In the present study, we aimed to assess the long-term protective effects of a dexamethasone-eluting electrode combined with the preoperative intratympanic application of a dexamethasone-loaded thermoreversible hydrogel in a cochlear implant guinea pig model. 40 normal-hearing animals were equally randomized into a control group receiving an unloaded hydrogel and a non-eluting electrode, a group receiving a dexamethasone-loaded hydrogel and a non-eluting electrode, a group receiving an unloaded hydrogel and a dexamethasone-eluting electrode and a group receiving both a dexamethasone-loaded hydrogel and a dexamethasone-eluting electrode. Residual hearing and impedances were investigated during a period of 120 days. Tissue response and histological changes of cochlear structures were analyzed at the end of the experiments. Treatment with dexamethasone did not show a significant protective effect on residual hearing independent of treatment group. Although the majority of the cochleae didn't exhibit any signs of electrode insertion trauma, a small degree of tissue response could be observed in all animals without a significant difference between the groups. Foreign body giant cells and osteogenesis were significantly associated with tissue response. Hair cells, synapsin-1-positive cells and spiral ganglion cells were preserved in all study groups. Cochlear implantation using a dexamethasone-eluting electrode alone and in combination with a dexamethasone-loaded hydrogel significantly protected auditory nerve fibers on day 120. Post-implantation impedances were equal across study groups and remained stable over the duration of the experiment. In this study we were able to show that use of a dexamethasone-eluting electrode alone and in combination with preoperative application of dexamethasone-loaded hydrogel significantly protects auditory nerve fibers. Furthermore, we have shown that a cochlear implantation-associated hearing threshold shift and tissue response may not be completely prevented by the sole application of dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ahmadi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julia Clara Gausterer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Clemens Honeder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marlene Mötz
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hanna Schöpper
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
| | - Chengjing Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nodir Saidov
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franz Gabor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Arnoldner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Kuthubutheen J, Joglekar S, Smith L, Friesen L, Smilsky K, Millman T, Ng A, Shipp D, Coates H, Arnoldner C, Nedzelski J, Chen J, Lin V. The Role of Preoperative Steroids for Hearing Preservation Cochlear Implantation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Audiol Neurootol 2018; 22:292-302. [DOI: 10.1159/000485310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether preoperative steroids can improve hearing outcomes in cochlear implantation (CI). Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial involving 30 postlingual deaf CI patients. Subjects had preoperative thresholds of better than or equal to 80 dB at 125 and 250 Hz, and better than or equal to 90 dB at 500 and 1,000 Hz. The subjects were randomized to a control group, an oral steroid group (receiving 1 mg/kg/day of prednisolone for 6 days prior to surgery), or a transtympanic steroid group (receiving a single dose of 0.5 mL of 10 mg/mL dexamethasone at 24 h prior to surgery). Results: The subjects receiving transtympanic steroids had a significant decrease in the pure tone average over 3 months compared to the control and oral steroid group, which persisted over 12 months (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A single dose of preoperative transtympanic steroids prior to CI appears to have a beneficial effect, at least in the short term, with minimal effects seen in the longer term.
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Honeder C, Zhu C, Schöpper H, Gausterer JC, Walter M, Landegger LD, Saidov N, Riss D, Plasenzotti R, Gabor F, Arnoldner C. Effects of sustained release dexamethasone hydrogels in hearing preservation cochlear implantation. Hear Res 2016; 341:43-49. [PMID: 27519654 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that glucocorticoids reduce the hearing threshold shifts associated with cochlear implantation. Previous studies evaluated the administration of glucocorticoids immediately before surgery or the repeated pre- or perioperative systemic application of glucocorticoids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sustained release dexamethasone hydrogel in hearing preservation cochlear implantation. To address this issue, a guinea pig model of cochlear implantation was used. 30 normal hearing pigmented guinea pigs were randomized into a group receiving a single dose of a dexamethasone/poloxamer407 hydrogel one day prior to surgery, a second group receiving the hydrogel seven days prior to surgery and a control group. A silicone cochlear implant electrode designed for the use in guinea pigs was inserted to a depth of 5 mm through a cochleostomy. Compound action potentials of the auditory nerve (frequency range 0.5-32 kHz) were measured preoperatively, directly postoperatively and on postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Following the last audiometry, temporal bones were harvested and histologically evaluated. Dexamethasone hydrogel application one day prior to surgery resulted in significantly reduced hearing threshold shifts at low, middle and high frequencies measured at postoperative day 28 (p < 0.05). Application of the hydrogel seven days prior to surgery did not show such an effect. Dexamethasone application one day prior to surgery resulted in increased outer hair cell counts in the cochlear apex and in reduced spiral ganglion cell counts in the basal and middle turn of the cochlea, a finding that was associated with a higher rate of electrode translocation in this group. In this study, we were able to demonstrate functional benefits of a single preoperative intratympanic application of a sustained release dexamethasone hydrogel in a guinea pig model of cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Honeder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chengjing Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna Schöpper
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Clara Gausterer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Walter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nodir Saidov
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Riss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Plasenzotti
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Gabor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Arnoldner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Dexamethasone Regulates Cochlear Expression of Deafness-associated Proteins Myelin Protein Zero and Heat Shock Protein 70, as Revealed by iTRAQ Proteomics. Otol Neurotol 2015; 36:1255-65. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kuthubutheen J, Coates H, Rowsell C, Nedzelski J, Chen JM, Lin V. The role of extended preoperative steroids in hearing preservation cochlear implantation. Hear Res 2015; 327:257-64. [PMID: 26117408 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Steroids have been shown to reduce the hearing threshold shifts associated with cochlear implantation. Previous studies have examined only the administration of steroids just prior to surgery. The aim of this study is to examine the role of extended preoperative systemic steroids in hearing preservation cochlear implantation. METHODS An animal model of cochlear implantation was used. 24 Hartley strain guinea pigs with a mean weight of 768 g and normal hearing were randomised into a control group, a second group receiving a single dose of systemic dexamethasone one day prior to surgery, and a third group receiving a daily dose of systemic dexamethasone for 5 days prior to surgery. A specially designed cochlear implant electrode by Med-EL (Innsbruck) was inserted through a dorsolateral approach to an insertion depth of 5 mm and left in-situ. Auditory brain stem responses at 8 kHz, 16 kHz and 32 kHz were measured preoperatively, and 1 week, 1 month and 2 months postoperatively. Cochlear histopathology was examined at the conclusion of the study. RESULTS At 1-week post operative, both groups receiving dexamethasone prior to implantation had smaller threshold shifts across all frequencies and which was significant at 32 kHz (p < 0.05). There were no differences among the three groups in the area of electrode related fibrosis. Spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) density was significantly higher in the group receiving steroids for 5 days, but only in the basal cochlear turn. DISCUSSION This is study demonstrates the benefits of extended preoperative systemic steroids on hearing outcomes and SGN density in an animal model of cochlear implantation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafri Kuthubutheen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada; School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Harvey Coates
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corwyn Rowsell
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Julian Nedzelski
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Joseph M Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Vincent Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
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Takumi Y, Nishio SY, Mugridge K, Oguchi T, Hashimoto S, Suzuki N, Iwasaki S, Jolly C, Usami SI. Gene expression pattern after insertion of dexamethasone-eluting electrode into the guinea pig cochlea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110238. [PMID: 25329543 PMCID: PMC4203767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A cochlear implant is an indispensable apparatus for a profound hearing loss patient. But insertion of the electrode entails a great deal of stress to the cochlea, and may cause irreversible damage to hair cells and related nerve structure. Although damage prevention effects of dexamethasone have been reported, long-term administration is difficult. In this study, we used a dexamethasone-eluting electrode in the guinea pig cochlea, and compared the gene expression after 7 days insertion with that of a normal electrode and non-surgically treated control by microarray. 40 genes were up-regulated 2-fold or more in the normal electrode group compared to the non-surgically treated group. Most of the up-regulated genes were associated with immune response and inflammation. In the dexamethasone-eluting group, compared to the normal electrode group, 7 of the 40 genes were further up-regulated, while 12 of them were down-regulated and there was a tendency to return to the non-surgical condition. 9 genes were down-regulated 2-fold or less with normal electrode insertion, and 4 of the 9 tended to return to the non-surgical condition in the dexamethasone-eluting group. These genes are certainly involved in the maintenance of the physiological functions of the cochlea. Our results indicate that the dexamethasone-eluting electrode will have an effect on the normalization of homeostasis in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Takumi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Nishio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Oguchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shigenari Hashimoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Shin-ichi Usami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Exogenous IL-4-expressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss in a guinea pig model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:856019. [PMID: 24864261 PMCID: PMC4016942 DOI: 10.1155/2014/856019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) expressing recombinant IL-4 have the potential to remediate inflammatory diseases. We thus investigated whether BMSCs expressing exogenous IL-4 could alleviate autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss. BMSCs isolated from guinea pigs were transfected with recombinant lentivirus expressing IL-4. A total of 33 animals were divided into three groups. Group A received scala tympani injection of IL-4-expressing BMSCs, and Group B received control vector-expressing BMSCs, and Group C received phosphate-buffered saline. The distribution of implanted BMSCs in the inner ears was assessed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Auditory brain-stem response (ABR) was monitored to evaluate the auditory changes. Following BMSCs transplantation, the threshold levels of ABR wave III decreased in Groups A and B and significant differences were observed between these two groups (P < 0.05). Transplanted BMSCs distributed in the scala tympani and scala vestibuli. In some ears with hearing loss, there was a decrease in the number of spiral ganglion cells and varying degrees of endolymphatic hydrops or floccule. Following transplantation, the lentivirus-infected BMSCs migrated to the inner ear and produced IL-4. Our results demonstrate that, upon transplantation, BMSCs and BMSCs expressing recombinant IL-4 have the ability to remediate the inflammatory injury in autoimmune inner ear diseases.
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