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A Role for Mast Cell-Mediated Antibodies in the Formation of Cholesteatoma and Cholesteatoma-Induced Bone Erosion. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030455. [PMID: 36766559 PMCID: PMC9914080 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects and relationships between mast cells in the matrix, mast cell enzymes tryptase and chymase, epithelial proliferation, microvascular density, and bone destruction in cholesteatoma. Thirty-five biopsies diagnosed with cholesteatoma and seven healthy skin tissues taken from the retro-auricular region for control were evaluated. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with CD117, CD34, Ki-67, chymase, and tryptase antibodies, in a single session for all cases and the control group. The relationship between erosion size and antibody load was determined. The mean cholesteatoma epithelium Ki-67 was higher than the control group (p < 0.001). CD117-positive mast cells, chymase-positive mast cells, tryptase-positive mast cells, and microvessel density were significantly higher in the cholesteatoma matrix compared to the control group (p < 0.002, p < 0.001, p < 0.005). In the group with bone erosion scores of two and above, immunohistochemical markers tended to be higher. A positive correlation was found between CD117 and chymase, tryptase, and microvessel density; between tryptase, chymase, and microvessel density; and between chymase and microvessel density. CD117-positive mast cells and chymase-positive mast cells stimulate angiogenesis, increase the epithelium's proliferative capacity in the cholesteatoma matrix, and form cholesteatoma. The increased proliferation of cholesteatoma epithelium and increased vascular density in the matrix exacerbate bone erosion.
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Schmitt HA, Pich A, Prenzler NK, Lenarz T, Harre J, Staecker H, Durisin M, Warnecke A. Personalized Proteomics for Precision Diagnostics in Hearing Loss: Disease-Specific Analysis of Human Perilymph by Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21241-21254. [PMID: 34471729 PMCID: PMC8387986 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite a vast amount of data generated by proteomic analysis on cochlear fluid, novel clinically applicable biomarkers of inner ear diseases have not been identified hitherto. The aim of the present study was to analyze the proteome of human perilymph from cochlear implant patients, thereby identifying putative changes of the composition of the cochlear fluid perilymph due to specific diseases. Sampling of human perilymph was performed during cochlear implantation from patients with clinically or radiologically defined inner ear diseases like enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA; n = 14), otosclerosis (n = 10), and Ménière's disease (n = 12). Individual proteins were identified by a shotgun proteomics approach and data-dependent acquisition, thereby revealing 895 different proteins in all samples. Based on quantification values, a disease-specific protein distribution in the perilymph was demonstrated. The proteins short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7 and esterase D were detected in nearly all samples of Ménière's disease patients, but not in samples of patients suffering from EVA and otosclerosis. The presence of both proteins in the inner ear tissue of adult mice and neonatal rats was validated by immunohistochemistry. Whether these proteins have the potential for a biomarker in the perilymph of Ménière's disease patients remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike A. Schmitt
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Core
Facility Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils K. Prenzler
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Harre
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Martin Durisin
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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