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Zhao Q, Hu Y, Yan Y, Song X, Yu J, Wang W, Zhou S, Su X, Bloch MH, Leckman JF, Chen Y, Sun H. The effects of Shaoma Zhijing granules and its main components on Tourette syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155686. [PMID: 38759346 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome (TS) represents a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an uncertain etiology and influencing factors. Frequently, it co-occurs with conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and sleep disturbances, which have garnered substantial attention from the research community in recent years. Clinical trials have demonstrated that Shaoma Zhijing Granules (SMZJG, 5-ling granule, also known as TSupport or T92 under U.S. development), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, is an effective treatment for TS. PURPOSE To conduct scientometric analysis on developing trends, research countries and institutions, current status, hot spots of TS and discuss the underlying mechanisms of SMZJG and its main components on TS. The aim is to provide valuable reference for ongoing clinical and basic research on TS and SMZJG. STUDY DESIGN & METHODS Using Tourette syndrome, SMZJG and its main components along with their synonyms as keywords, we conducted a comprehensive search across major scientific databases including the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. A total of 5952 references and 99 patents were obtained. Among these, 5039 articles and reviews, as well as 54 patents were analyzed by Citespace and VOSviewer software. RESULTS The available evidence indicates that the SMZJG's components likely exert their mechanisms in treating TS by regulating the dopaminergic pathway system, neurotransmitter imbalances, reducing neuroinflammation, promoting the repair of nerve damage and improving sleep disorders. CONCLUSION This comprehensive analysis lays the foundation for an extensive exploration of the feasibility and clinical applications of SMZJG in TS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yiman Yan
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xujiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuefeng Su
- Tasly Pharmaceuticals Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James F Leckman
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Yibing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - He Sun
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China; Tasly Pharmaceuticals Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Wang Y, Bai M, Wang X, Peng Z, Cai C, Xi J, Yan C, Luo J, Li X. Gastrodin: a comprehensive pharmacological review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3781-3802. [PMID: 38165423 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tianma is the dried tuber of Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), which is frequently utilized in clinical practice as a traditional Chinese medicine. Gastrodin (GAS) is the main active ingredient of Tianma, which has good pharmacological activity. Therefore, for the first time, this review focused on the extraction, synthesis, pharmacological effects, and derivatives of GAS and to investigate additional development options for GAS. The use of microorganisms to create GAS is a promising method. GAS has good efficacy in the treatment of neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, and liver diseases. GAS has significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, vascular protective, blood sugar lowering, lipid-regulating, analgesic, anticancer, and antiviral effects. The mechanism involves various signaling pathways such as Nrf2, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and AMPK. In addition, the derivatives of GAS and biomaterials synthesized by GAS and PU suggested a broader application of GAS. The research on GAS is thoroughly summarized in this paper, which has useful applications for tackling a variety of disorders and exhibits good development value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengting Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhaolei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Xiao G, Tang R, Yang N, Chen Y. Review on pharmacological effects of gastrodin. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:744-770. [PMID: 37749449 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is mainly used to treat diseases related to the nervous system, such as stroke, epilepsy, and headache. Gastrodin is the main bioactive component of Gastrodia elata Blume, and studies have shown that it has extensive pharmacological activity. This narrative review aims to systematically review relevant studies on the pharmacological effects of gastrodin to provide researchers with the latest and most useful information. Studies have shown that gastrodin has prominent neuroprotective effects and can treat or improve epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, emotional disorders, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, cognitive impairment, and neuropathic pain. Gastrodin can also improve myocardial hypertrophy, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, gastrodin can mitigate liver, kidney, and bone tissue damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. In short, gastrodin is expected to treat many diseases, and it is worth investing more effort in research on this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Nan Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Zhongling K, Yanhui C, Guofeng C, Yanyan L. Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Tourette Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:710116. [PMID: 35359584 PMCID: PMC8960848 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.710116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tourette syndrome (TS) is a group of childhood-onset chronic neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by tics, i.e., repetitive, sudden, and involuntary movements or vocalizations, which is often associated with various psychopathological and/or behavioral comorbidities, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders and have a worse prognosis. The mechanism of TS is still not clear. The relationship between immune activation, neuroinflammation, and neuropsychiatric disorders has attracted much attention in the past two decades. To explore the underlying mechanism in TS, the relationship between neuroinflammation and behavioral alterations in TS rats was investigated in this study. Methods A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups randomly as follows: the TS, control (CON), and drug intervention groups. The TS rat group was treated with haloperidol (Hal) (the TS + Hal group). The TS rat model was established using 3,3-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), which is a well-known animal model of TS. The behavioral syndromes, brain tissue cytokines, like interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and microglial activation of the three groups were assessed. Results The behavioral scores of rats in the TS group and the TS + Hal group were higher than those in the CON group (P < 0.05), but the scores of behavioral tests in the TS + Hal group were lower than those in the TS group (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the rat brain tissue were significantly higher in the TS group than in the CON group (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were found between the CON group and the TS + Hal group (P > 0.05). The microglia was significantly activated in the TS group and slightly activated in the TS + Hal group, which was considerably less than that in the TS group. Conclusion The IDPN-induced TS rats had significant neuroinflammation in the brain, and the interaction between dopamine (DA) dysregulation and immune dysfunction may play a vital role in the pathogenic mechanisms of TS.
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Berezutsky M, Durnova N, Romanteeva Y. Neurobiological effects of gastrodin and its possible use in neurology and psychiatry. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:27-34. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212208127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lin L, Lan Y, Zhu H, Yu L, Wu S, Wan W, Shu Y, Xiang H, Hou T, Zhang H, Ma Y, Su W, Li M. Effects of Chemogenetic Inhibition of D1 or D2 Receptor-Containing Neurons of the Substantia Nigra and Striatum in Mice With Tourette Syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:779436. [PMID: 34955745 PMCID: PMC8696039 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.779436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As tourette syndrome (TS) is a common neurobehavioral disorder, the primary symptoms of which include behavioral stereotypies. Dysfunction of the substantia nigra-striatum network could be the main pathogenesis of TS, which is closely associated with dopamine (DA) and its receptors. TS is often resistant to conventional treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether chemogenetic activation or inhibition of dopaminergic D1 receptor (D1R)- or D2 receptor (D2R)-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) or dorsal striatum (dSTR) affected the stereotyped behavior and motor functions of TS mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) was used to induce TS in mice. Stereotyped behavior test and open-field, rotarod, and grip strength tests were performed to evaluate stereotyped behavior and motor functions, respectively. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to detect the co-labeling of virus fluorescence and D1R or D2R. We found that chemogenetic inhibition of D1R- or D2R-containing neurons in the SNpc and dSTR alleviated behavioral stereotypies and motor functions in TS mice. Chemogenetic activation of D1R-containing neurons in the dSTR aggravated behavioral stereotypies and motor functions in vehicle-treated mice, but neither was aggravated in TS mice. In conclusion, chemogenetic inhibition of D1R- or D2R-containing neurons in the SNpc and dSTR alleviated behavioral stereotypies of TS, providing a new treatment target for TS. Moreover, the activation of D1R-containing neurons in the dSTR may contribute to the pathogenesis of TS, which can be chosen as a more precise target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuye Lan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - He Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central People's Hospital, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangyixuan Wan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongchun Xiang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lin L, Yu L, Xiang H, Hu X, Yuan X, Zhu H, Li H, Zhang H, Hou T, Cao J, Wu S, Su W, Li M. Effects of Acupuncture on Behavioral Stereotypies and Brain Dopamine System in Mice as a Model of Tourette Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:239. [PMID: 31680895 PMCID: PMC6803462 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS), a developmental neurobehavioral disorder, is characterized by involuntary behavioral stereotypies. Clinical studies have confirmed the positive effect of acupuncture on treating TS, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we used behavioral tests, Western blotting, double-immunofluorescence labeling, and fluorescence spectrophotometry to investigate whether acupuncture performed at acupoints "Baihui" (GV20) and "Yintang" (GV29) affected behavioral stereotypies and regulated the dopamine (DA) system in three different brain regions in Balb/c mice injected with 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) as a model for TS. We found that acupuncture alleviated behavioral stereotypies, down-regulated the expression of D1R and D2R in the striatum (STR) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and decreased the concentration of DA in the STR, SNpc, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) as well. Moreover, acupuncture reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the SNpc. Conclusively, acupuncture ameliorated behavioral stereotypies by regulating the DA system in the STR, SNpc, and PFC. Our findings provide novel evidence for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongchun Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaocui Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Campolo M, Paterniti I, Siracusa R, Filippone A, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. TLR4 absence reduces neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation in Parkinson's diseases in vivo model. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:236-247. [PMID: 30550933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, disabling neurodegenerative disorder. It has been shown Toll like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient mice protect against MPTP toxicity, suggesting that dopaminergic cell death is TLR4-dependent. The aim of this study was to demonstrate, in an in vivo model of PD, how TLR4 plays its important role in the pathogenesis of PD by using MPTP neurotoxin model (4 × 20 mg/kg, 2 h apart, i.p). Our experiments have demonstrated that the absence of TLR4 prevented dopamine depletion, increased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter activities and reduced the number of α-synuclein-positive neurons. The absence of TLR4 also had an impact on inflammatory processes, modulating the transcription factors NF-κB p65 and AP-1, and reducing astrogliosis. Importantly, we demonstrated that the absence of TLR4 modulated inflammosome pathway. Moreover, it has been shown that TLR4 modulated motor and non-motor symptoms typical of PD. Our results clearly demonstrated that absence of TLR4 reduces the development of neuroinflammation associated with PD through NF-κB, AP-1 and inflammasome pathways modulation; therefore, TLR4 could be considered as an encouraging therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA.
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Campolo M, Casili G, Biundo F, Crupi R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. The Neuroprotective Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate in an MPTP-Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species/Nuclear Factor-κB/Nuclear Transcription Factor Related to NF-E2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:453-471. [PMID: 28006954 PMCID: PMC5564046 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress plays a key role in Parkinson disease (PD), and nuclear transcription factor related to NF-E2 (Nrf-2) is involved in neuroprotection against PD. The aim of the present study was to investigate a role for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Nrf-2 in the neurotherapeutic action of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in a mouse model of PD and in vitro in SHSY-5Y cells. RESULTS Daily oral gavage of DMF (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced neuronal cell degeneration of the dopaminergic tract and behavioral impairments induced by four injections of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Moreover, treatment with DMF prevented dopamine depletion, increased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter activities, and also reduced the number of α-synuclein-positive neurons. Furthermore, DMF treatment upregulated the Nrf-2 pathway, increased NeuN+/Nrf-2+ cell number in the striatum, induced activation of manganese superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1, and regulated glutathione levels. Moreover, DMF reduced interleukin 1 levels, cyclooxygenase 2 activity, and nitrotyrosine neuronal nitrite oxide synthase expression. This treatment also modulated microglia activation, restored nerve growth factor levels, and preserved microtubule-associated protein 2 alterations. The protective effects of DMF treatment, via Nrf-2, were confirmed in in vitro studies, through inhibition of Nrf-2 by trigonelline. INNOVATION These findings demonstrate that DMF, both in a mouse model of PD and in vitro, provides, via regulation of the NF-κB/Nrf-2 pathway, novel cytoprotective modalities that further augment the natural antioxidant response in neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease models. CONCLUSION These results support the thesis that DMF may constitute a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of PD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 453-471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Flavia Biundo
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy .,2 Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
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Zhao L, Qi F, Zhang F, Wang Z, Mu L, Wang Y, En Q, Li J, Du Y, Li A. Dual regulating effect of Ningdong granule on extracellular dopamine content of two kinds of Tourette's syndrome rat models. Biosci Trends 2015; 9:245-51. [PMID: 26248644 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tourette's syndrome (TS) is an inherited chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by involuntary stereotyped motor and phonic behaviors called tics. Its pathogenesis is still unclear and its treatment remains limited. Our previous basic and clinical studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation Ningdong granule (NDG) is effective for the treatment of TS with little side effects. In the current study, two TS rat models (Apomorphine (Apo)- and 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)-induced) were used to explore the dual regulating effects and mechanisms of NDG on extracellular DA concentration. We found that NDG could regulate the extracellular DA concentration dually: it could make a gradual recovery in extracellular DA content from both an up-regulated level in Apo-induced rats and down-regulated level in IDPN-induced rats measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The protein expression of DA transporter (DAT) was measured by Western blot and the result showed that NDG could elevate DAT expression when DA release was up-regulated and could decrease DAT expression when extracellular DA concentration was down-regulated. The main mechanism of the dual regulating effect of NDG on extracellular DA release might be related to DAT protein expression in TS, through which the released DA is re-uptaken into nerve terminals. Taken together, compared with conventional single-target anti-tics drugs such as haloperidol (Hal), NDG with the dual regulating effect would be more significant for TS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University
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