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McCombe PA, Hardy TA, Nona RJ, Greer JM. Sex differences in Guillain Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and experimental autoimmune neuritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038411. [PMID: 36569912 PMCID: PMC9780466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variants, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP and its variants, are regarded as immune mediated neuropathies. Unlike in many autoimmune disorders, GBS and CIDP are more common in males than females. Sex is not a clear predictor of outcome. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an animal model of these diseases, but there are no studies of the effects of sex in EAN. The pathogenesis of GBS and CIDP involves immune response to non-protein antigens, antigen presentation through non-conventional T cells and, in CIDP with nodopathy, IgG4 antibody responses to antigens. There are some reported sex differences in some of these elements of the immune system and we speculate that these sex differences could contribute to the male predominance of these diseases, and suggest that sex differences in peripheral nerves is a topic worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Pamela A. McCombe,
| | - Todd A. Hardy
- Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J. Nona
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith M. Greer
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hu X, Jing M, Feng J, Tang J. Four cases of pediatric neuralgic amyotrophy treated with immunotherapy: one-year follow-up and literature review. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520912082. [PMID: 32228355 PMCID: PMC7132571 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520912082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a neurological disease that occurs across all age
groups, but its prognosis in children is controversial. The present report adds
to the knowledge about its prognosis by describing four cases of pediatric NA in
which the patients were treated with immunotherapy and followed up for 1 year.
We also present a summary of relevant cases of pediatric NA treated with
immunotherapy. The clinical features of the four present cases were similar to
those of previously reported cases, and their symptoms improved after
immunotherapy. At the 1-year follow-up, three of the children gained near
complete recovery, and their improvement was significantly better than that
observed at the 2-month follow-up. A review of the literature showed that most
previously reported children with NA showed improvement after immunotherapy, but
no more than half of the patients recovered fully. These findings indicate that
in children with NA, immunotherapy is fairly effective and its benefits improve
with time. Thus, long-term follow-up is needed in these patients to determine
their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurology, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jihong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Liu Z, Guan R, Wang J, Kong X, Chen L, Bo C, Li J, Bai M, Lu X, Shen J, Wang L, Guo M. Inferring immune-associated signatures based on a co-expression network in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12634. [PMID: 31094043 PMCID: PMC6668984 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a type of acute autoimmune disease, which occurs in peripheral nerves and their roots. There is extensive evidence that suggests many immune‐associated genes have essential roles in GBS. However, the associations between immune genes and GBS have not been sufficiently examined as most previous studies have only focused on individual genes rather than their entire interaction networks. Materials and methods In this study, multiple levels of data including immune‐associated genes, GBS‐associated genes, protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks and gene expression profiles were integrated, and an immune or GBS‐directed neighbour co‐expressed network (IOGDNC network) and a GBS‐directed neighbour co‐expressed network (GDNC network) were constructed. Results Our analysis shows the immune‐associated genes are strongly related to GBS‐associated genes whether at the interaction level or gene expression level. Five immune‐associated modules were also identified which could distinguish between GBS and normal samples. In addition, functional analysis indicated that immune‐associated genes are essential in GBS. Conclusions Overall, these results highlight a strong relationship between immune‐associated genes and GBS existed and provide a potential role for immune‐associated genes as novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruoyu Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaotong Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunrui Bo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Shen
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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