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Meleti M, Cassi D, Vescovi P, Setti G, Pertinhez TA, Pezzi ME. Salivary biomarkers for diagnosis of systemic diseases and malignant tumors. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e299-e310. [PMID: 32040469 PMCID: PMC7103445 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva evaluation could be a possible alternative to blood and/or tissue analyses, for researching specific molecules associated to the presence of systemic diseases and malignancies.
The present systematic review has been designed in order to answer to the question “are there significant associations between specific salivary biomarkers and diagnosis of systemic diseases or malignancies?”.
Material and Methods The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was used to guide the review.
The combinations of “saliva” and “systemic diseases” or “diagnosis” or “biomarkers” or “cancers” or “carcinoma” or “tumors”, were used to search Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Endpoint of research has been set at May 2019.
Studies were classified into 3 groups according to the type of disease investigated for diagnosis: 1) malignant tumors; 2) neurologic diseases and 3) inflammatory/metabolic/cardiovascular diseases.
Assessment of quality has been assigned according to a series of questions proposed by the National Institute of Health. Level of evidence was assessed using the categories proposed in the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based medicine (CEMB) levels for diagnosis (2011).
Results Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty-one (64%) investigated malignant tumors, 14 (17.5%) neurologic and 14 (18.5%) inflammatory/cardiovascular/metabolic diseases.
Among studies investigating malignant tumors, 12 (23.5%) were scored as “good” and 11 of these reported statistically significant associations between salivary molecules and pathology. Two and 5 studies were found to have a good quality, among those evaluating the association between salivary biomarkers and neurologic and inflammatory/metabolic/cardiovascular diseases, respectively.
Conclusions The present systematic review confirms the existence of some “good” quality evidence to support the role of peculiar salivary biomarkers for diagnosis of systemic diseases (e.g. lung cancer and EGFR). Key words:Salivary diagnostics, biomarkers, systemic diseases, malignant tumors, early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meleti
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria Via Gramsci 14. 43126, Parma, Italy
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Circulating biomarkers for early detection and clinical management of colorectal cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:107-122. [PMID: 31189073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New non-invasive approaches that can complement and improve on current strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and management are urgently needed. A growing number of publications have documented that components of tumors, which are shed into the circulation, can be detected in the form of liquid biopsies and can be used to detect CRC at early stages, to predict response to certain therapies and to detect CRC recurrence in a minimally invasive way. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), tumor-derived cells (CTC, circulating tumor cells) or circulating microRNA (miRNA) in blood and other body fluids, have a great potential to improve different aspects of CRC management. The challenge now is to find which types of components, biofluids and detection methods would be the most suitable to be applied in the different steps of CRC detection and treatment. This chapter will provide an up to date review on ctDNA, CTCs and circulating miRNAs as new biomarkers for CRC, either for clinical management or early detection, highlighting their advantages and limitations.
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Zajkowska M, Gacuta E, Kozłowska S, Lubowicka E, Głażewska EK, Chrostek L, Szmitkowski M, Pawłowski P, Zbucka-Krętowska M, Ławicki S. Diagnostic power of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in patients with breast cancer. A multivariate statistical analysis with ROC curve. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:1-8. [PMID: 30227310 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important factor in promoting angiogenesis in malignant processes, matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the degradation of extracellular matrix, which enhances metastasis, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 is its inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic power of these parameters in comparison to CA15-3 in breast cancer patients and in relation to the control group. MATERIALS/METHODS The study included 120 breast cancer patients, 60 patients with benign breast tumors and 60 healthy women. Plasma levels of tested parameters were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CA15-3 by chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay. RESULTS Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 showed the highest value of sensitivity in breast cancer group (86.25%) and, more importantly, highest value in breast cancer stage I (85%). Vascular endothelial growth factor also showed high sensitivity (stage I and II-75%, III-85%, IV-70% and 76.25% in total breast cancer group) and the highest specificity (85%) from all tested parameters. It was also the only parameter which had statistically significant area under curve in all stages. In the total breast cancer group all tested parameters showed statistically significant area under curve, but the maximum range was obtained for combination: 'vascular endothelial growth factor + CA15-3'. Vascular endothelial growth factor seems to be the best candidate for diagnosing breast cancer stage I and for differentiating between breast cancer and non-carcinoma cases. CONCLUSIONS The combined analysis of tested parameters and CA15-3 resulted in an increase in sensitivity and area under curve values, which provides hope for developing new panel of biomarkers that may be used in diagnosing breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zajkowska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Gacuta
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kozłowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Public Health Care Hospital, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Lubowicka
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Edyta K Głażewska
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lech Chrostek
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemysław Pawłowski
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zbucka-Krętowska
- Department of Department of Re-productivness and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Meng C, Yin X, Liu J, Tang K, Tang H, Liao J. TIMP-1 is a novel serum biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207039. [PMID: 30458003 PMCID: PMC6245680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is a glycoprotein involved in cell survival and tumorigenesis. There have been some promising results regarding the diagnostic value of TIMP-1 for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of serum TIMP-1 in CRC patients through meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search of online databases was performed to collect eligible studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve were generated from accuracy data using the random-effects model. Fagan’s nomogram and the likelihood matrix were applied to estimate the clinical utility of TIMP-1. Results A total of 9 eligible studies with 1886 patients were included. Among the patients, 819 were pathologically diagnosed with CRC, whereas 1067 did not have adenomas or other cancers. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and DOR of TIMP-1 for the diagnosis of CRC were 0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.72), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76–0.94), and 12.73 (95% CI 5.71–28.38), respectively. The area under the SROC was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73–0.81), suggesting the potential diagnostic value of TIMP-1 in CRC patients. Among patients with a pretest CRC probability of 20%, posttest probabilities were 56% and 9% for positive and negative TIMP-1 results, respectively. Conclusions TIMP-1 expression exhibits an upper moderate diagnostic value in CRC, and TIMP-1 assessment may be useful as a noninvasive screening tool for CRC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Yin
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Anji, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingting Liu
- Department of Emergency, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Będkowska GE, Gacuta E, Zajkowska M, Głażewska EK, Osada J, Szmitkowski M, Chrostek L, Dąbrowska M, Ławicki S. Plasma levels of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 in laboratory diagnostics and differentiation of selected histological types of epithelial ovarian cancers. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:39. [PMID: 28662671 PMCID: PMC5492921 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MMP-7 and TIMP-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer disease. In this study we investigated plasma levels of selected metalloproteinase and its tissue inhibitor in comparison to plasma levels of the commonly accepted tumor markers (CA 125 and HE4) in selected histological types of epithelial ovarian cancer patients as compared to control groups: patients with a benign ovarian tumor and healthy subjects. Plasma levels of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA, CA 125 and HE4 - by CMIA methods. RESULTS Plasma levels of all biomarkers studied were significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients as compared to both control groups. MMP-7 demonstrated comparable to HE4 or CA125 values of diagnostic sensitivity (SE: 61%; 68%; 58%, respectively), specificity (SP: 95%; 95%; 98%, respectively), positive (PPV: 93%; 96%; 98%, respectively) and negative predictive values (NPV: 61%; 66%; 60%, respectively) in the groups tested. The combined use of the aforementioned biomarkers resulted in a further increase in diagnostic criteria and AUC, especially in the early stages of the disease. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the usefulness of combining MMP-7 with CA 125 and HE4 in the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer as a new tumor marker panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Ewa Będkowska
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Gacuta
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Osada
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lech Chrostek
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Milena Dąbrowska
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Aaberg-Jessen C, Halle B, Jensen SS, Müller S, Rømer UM, Pedersen CB, Brünner N, Kristensen BW. Comparative studies of TIMP-1 immunohistochemistry, TIMP-1 FISH analysis and plasma TIMP-1 in glioblastoma patients. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:439-448. [PMID: 27619981 PMCID: PMC5118392 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) has been associated with poor prognosis and resistance towards chemotherapy in several cancer forms. In a previous study we found an association between a low TIMP-1 tumor immunoreactivity and increased survival for glioblastoma patients, when compared to moderate and high TIMP-1 tumor immunoreactivity. The aim of the present study was to further evaluate TIMP-1 as a biomarker in gliomas by studying TIMP-1 gene copy numbers by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on 33 glioblastoma biopsies and by measuring levels of TIMP-1 in plasma obtained pre-operatively from 43 patients (31 gliomas including 21 glioblastomas) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed TIMP-1 gene copy numbers per cell ranging from 1 to 5 and the TIMP-1/CEN-X ratio ranging between 0.7 and 1.09, suggesting neither amplification nor loss of the TIMP-1 gene. The TIMP-1 protein levels measured in plasma were not significantly higher than TIMP-1 levels measured in healthy subjects. No correlation was identified between TIMP-1 tumor cell immunoreactivities and the TIMP-1 gene copy numbers or the plasma TIMP-1 levels. In conclusion, high immunohistochemical TIMP-1 protein levels in glioblastomas were not caused by TIMP-1 gene amplification and TIMP-1 in plasma was low and not directly related to tumor TIMP-1 immunoreactivity. The study suggests that TIMP-1 immunohistochemistry is the method of choice for future clinical studies evaluating TIMP-1 as a biomarker in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Aaberg-Jessen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Winsløwparken 15, 3. Floor, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bo Halle
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Winsløwparken 15, 3. Floor, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine S Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Winsløwparken 15, 3. Floor, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Unni Maria Rømer
- Section of Molecular Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Brünner
- Section of Molecular Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Winsløwparken 15, 3. Floor, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Carroll MRR, Seaman HE, Halloran SP. Tests and investigations for colorectal cancer screening. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:921-39. [PMID: 24769265 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer, after lung and breast cancer, and the fourth most common cause of cancer death, although in developed countries CRC incidence is higher and it accounts for an even higher proportion of cancer deaths. Successful treatment of early-stage CRC confers substantial survival advantage, and there is now overwhelming evidence that screening average-risk individuals for CRC reduces the incidence and disease-specific mortality. In spite of considerable research for new biomarkers for CRC, the detection of blood in faeces remains the most effective screening tool. The best evidence to date for population-based CRC screening comes from randomised-controlled trials that used a guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBt) as the first-line screening modality, whereby test-positive individuals are referred for follow-up investigations, usually colonoscopy. A major innovation in the last ten years or so has been the development of other more analytically sensitive and specific screening techniques for blood in faeces. The faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin (FIT) confers substantial benefits over gFOBt in terms of analytical sensitivity, specificity and practicality and FIT are now recommended for CRC screening by the European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. The challenge internationally is to develop high quality CRC screening programmes for which uptake is high. This is especially important for developing countries witnessing an increase in the incidence of CRC as populations adopt more westernised lifestyles. This review describes the tests available for CRC screening and how they are being used worldwide. The reader will gain an understanding of developments in CRC screening and issues that arise in choosing the most appropriate screening test (or tests) for organised population-based screening internationally and optimising the performance of the chosen test (or tests). Whilst a wide range of literature has been cited, this is not a systematic review. The authors provide FOBT CRC screening for a population of 14.6 million in the south of England and the senior author (SPH) was the lead author of the European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis and leads the World Endoscopy Organization Colorectal Cancer Committee's Expert Working Group on 'FIT for Screening'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalen R R Carroll
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme Southern Hub, 20 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YS, UK; Royal Surrey County Hospital Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX, UK.
| | - Helen E Seaman
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme Southern Hub, 20 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YS, UK; Royal Surrey County Hospital Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX, UK; University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Stephen P Halloran
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme Southern Hub, 20 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YS, UK; Royal Surrey County Hospital Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XX, UK; University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
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