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Wasfi IA, Bashir AK, Amiri MH, Abdalla AA, Banna NR, Tanira MOM. Gastric Cytoprotective Activity of Teucrium stocksianum extract in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880209509055219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Wasfi
- Desert and Marine Environment Research Center, University of United Arab Emirates, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17777, UAE
| | - A. K. Bashir
- Desert and Marine Environment Research Center, University of United Arab Emirates, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17777, UAE
| | - M. H. Amiri
- Faculty of Science, University of United Arab Emirates, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17777, UAE
| | - A. A. Abdalla
- Desert and Marine Environment Research Center, University of United Arab Emirates, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17777, UAE
| | - N. R. Banna
- Faculty of Medicine, University of United Arab Emirates, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17777, UAE
| | - M. O. M. Tanira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of United Arab Emirates, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17777, UAE
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Abdel-Salam OM, Czimmer J, Debreceni A, Szolcsányi J, Mózsik G. Gastric mucosal integrity: gastric mucosal blood flow and microcirculation. An overview. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PARIS 2001; 95:105-27. [PMID: 11595425 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stomach is in a state of continuous exposure to potentially hazardous agents. Hydrochloric acid together with pepsin constitutes a major and serious threat to the gastric mucosa. Reflux of alkaline duodenal contents containing bile and pancreatic enzymes are additional important injurious factors of endogenous origin. Alcohol, cigarette smoking, drugs and particularly aspirin and aspirin-like drugs, and steroids are among exogenous mucosal irritants that can inflict mucosal injury. The ability of the stomach to defend itself against these noxious agents has been ascribed to a number of factors constituting the gastric mucosal defense. These include mucus and bicarbonate secreted by surface epithelial cells, prostaglandins, sulfhydryl compounds and gastric mucosal blood flow. The latter is considered by several researchers to be of paramount importance in maintaining gastric mucosal integrity. The aim of this paper is to review the experimental and clinical data dealing with the role of mucosal blood flow and in particular the microcirculation in both damage and protection of the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Abdel-Salam
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, PO Box 12311, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kamada T, Haruma K, Miyoshi E, Mihara M, Kitadai Y, Yoshihara M, Sumii K, Kajiyama G, Tahara K, Mukai T, Kawamura Y, Hattori N. Cetraxate, a mucosal protective agent, combined with omeprazole, amoxycillin, and clarithromycin increases the eradication rate of helicobacter pylori in smokers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14:1089-94. [PMID: 10930905 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori eradication was less effective in smokers than in non-smokers. Cetraxate is an anti-ulcer drug that increases gastric mucosal blood flow. AIM To evaluate the effect of cetraxate combined with new triple therapy for the eradication of H. pylori in smokers. METHODS This study had a single-centre, double-blind, randomized non-placebo design. A total of 106 consecutive H. pylori-positive smoking patients were randomly allocated to one of two regimens: one group received omeprazole (20 mg), amoxycillin (1500 mg), and clarithromycin (600 mg) for 7 days (OAC, n=55). The other group recieved OAC plus cetraxate (600 mg) for 7 days (OAC + CET, n=51). The success of H. pylori eradication was evaluated by histology and the 13C-urea breath test at 4 weeks after completion of treatment. RESULTS By intention-to-treat analysis, the H. pylori eradication rate was 55% in the OAC group and 92% in the OAC + CET group (P<0.01). By per protocol analysis, the H. pylori eradication rate was 58% in the OAC group and 94% in the OAC + CET group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Cetraxate combined with new triple therapy increases the eradication of H. pylori in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamada
- Gastrointestinal Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan
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Hayles CD, Andrews FJ, O'Brien PE. Tiaprofenic acid inhibits mucosal prostaglandin E2 synthesis without delaying experimental gastric ulcer healing. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13:572-8. [PMID: 9715398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) differ in gastrotoxicity. This study aimed to compare the effects of a short-acting NSAID, tiaprofenic acid, with indomethacin on experimental gastric ulcer healing in a rat model. Similar anti-inflammatory and prostaglandin-inhibitory doses of indomethacin (1 mg/kg) and tiaprofenic acid (2 mg/kg) were administered to rats with acetic acid-induced ulcers. After 2 weeks treatment, rats were killed and ulcer size determined. In addition, histological sections of ulcers were assessed for ulcer contraction and mucosal regeneration. The degree of inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was 72% at 2 h after tiaprofenic acid and 64% at 2 h after indomethacin administration, respectively. Rats treated with indomethacin for 2 weeks had significantly larger ulcers, both macroscopically and microscopically, than controls. Rats treated with tiaprofenic acid for 2 weeks had ulcers of a similar size to those of controls. Indomethacin-treated ulcers showed a failure in mucosal regeneration. Tiaprofenic acid-treated ulcers had significantly more regeneration than indomethacin-treated ulcers. We conclude that tiaprofenic acid inhibits mucosal prostaglandin levels but does not inhibit experimental gastric ulcer healing. These findings suggest that inhibition of PGE2 synthesis is not the only factor in generating gastrotoxicity and that a shift to low gastrotoxic NSAID may be clinically worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Hayles
- Department of Surgery, Monash Medical School, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
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Tachi K, Goto H, Hayakawa T, Sugiyama S. Prevention of water immersion stress-induced gastric lesions through the enhancement of nitric oxide synthase activity in rats. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996; 10:97-103. [PMID: 8871449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1996.tb00182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric mucosal microcirculation is an important factor in the protection of gastric mucosa, and nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in the regulation of regional blood flow. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cetraxate, an anti-ulcer drug, on water immersion stress-induced gastric lesions in relation to the changes in NO synthase activity. METHODS Gastric lesions were induced in rats by water immersion stress. The effects of cetraxate on NO synthase activity with or without stress was determined enzymatically. Changes in gastric mucosal prostaglandin (PG) contents with or without stress were also determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Gastric mucosal blood flow was measured by hydrogen gas clearance technique. RESULTS Water immersion stress-induced gastric lesions. Cetraxate significantly mitigated the lesions but N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor of NO synthase, exacerbated the lesions. The favourable effect of cetraxate was remarkably diminished by administration of L-NMMA. NO synthase activity decreased significantly by 6 h after stress. Cetraxate treatment increased NO synthase activity throughout the experiment in rats with or without stress treatment. Water immersion stress decreased all PGs detected, i.e. 6-keto-PGF1alpha, PGF2alpha, PGE2 and PGD2. Cetraxate prevented stress-induced decreases in PG contents. L-NMMA showed no significant effect on PG contents. Cetraxate increased gastric mucosal blood flow significantly and L-NMMA cancelled out cetraxate-induced increase in blood flow. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological efficacy of anti-ulcer drugs such as cetraxate might be attributable to the enhancement of NO synthase activity resulting in an increase in gastric mucosal blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nagoya, Japan
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Hamajima E, Sugiyama S, Hoshino H, Goto H, Tsukamoto Y, Ozawa T. Effects of FK506, an immunosuppressive agent, on genesis of water-immersion stress-induced gastric lesions in rats. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39:713-20. [PMID: 7512015 DOI: 10.1007/bf02087412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of FK506, an immunosuppressive agent, on the genesis of water immersion stress-induced gastric lesions in rats. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, four kinds of prostaglandins, ie, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin D2, were detected, and no leukotrienes were detected in gastric mucosa in rats without stress. After 6 hr of stress, gastric lesions developed with decreases in all prostaglandin contents, and the emergence of peptide leukotrienes was observed. Intramuscular administration of FK506 (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) reduced lesion index dose-dependently. Administration of FK506 at doses over 0.25 mg/kg decreased all prostaglandin contents, but did not affect the increase in leukotriene contents. Pretreatment with famotidine or omeprazole reduced lesion index, and the protective effects were equivalent to those of 1.0 mg/kg of FK506, although FK506 did not affect gastric secretion during water-immersion stress. Water-immersion stress did not change the activities of xanthine oxidase in either stomach or serum. Polyoxyethylene-modified superoxide dismutase did not prevent gastric lesions. Water-immersion stress significantly increased myeloperoxidase activity in gastric mucosa, and FK506 reduced the increase in myeloperoxidase activity induced by stress. From our results, other factors besides gastric acid secretion and tissue eicosanoid contents, such as chemoattractant factor, might also be involved in the genesis of water-immersion stress-induced gastric lesions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hamajima
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Japan
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Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ, Majka J, Dembinski A, Drozdowicz D. Epidermal growth factor, polyamines, and prostaglandins in healing of stress-induced gastric lesions in rats. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38:276-83. [PMID: 8425439 DOI: 10.1007/bf01307544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and polyamines (PA) are capable of protecting gastric mucosa against topical irritants. This study was designed to examine whether EGF, PA, and PG affect the healing of acute gastric lesions induced by water immersion and restraint stress. It was found that the healing process of stress lesions in sham-operated rats was significant after 6 hr after stress, and after 24 hr the number of stress lesions was reduced by about 75%. In sham-operated rats, the healing of ulcerations observed at 6, 12, and 24 hr after the stress was accompanied by gradual restoration of DNA synthesis, and both these processes were significantly reduced by administration of DFMO (an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase activity) or indomethacin (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase). In salivectomized rats, the healing was significantly delayed and the DNA was lowered at all time intervals after the stress. Administration of EGF, spermine, aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of degradation of PA), or 16,16-dmPGE2 after stress promoted significantly the healing and DNA synthesis, but pretreatment with DFMO abolished the effect of EGF but not that of spermine. We conclude that EGF, PA, and PG are implicated in healing of stress lesions and that EGF acts, at least in part, by the stimulation of PA formation in the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Institute of Physiology, University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
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Goto H, Sugiyama S, Ohara A, Hoshino H, Hamajima E, Kanamori S, Tsukamoto Y, Ozawa T. Age-associated decreases in prostaglandin contents in human gastric mucosa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 186:1443-8. [PMID: 1510674 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to clarify effects of ageing on human gastric mucosal prostaglandin (PG) contents. Forty examinees were divided into 5 age groups of 8 persons each, as follows: age under 40, age 40-49, age 50-59, age 60-69, and age over 70. PG contents in human gastric mucosa were measured by microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with helium/cadmium laser induced fluorescence detection using biopsy samples obtained by endoscopy. The contents of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and PGD2 in the under 40 group were 638 +/- 39, 97 +/- 16, 468 +/- 68, 497 +/- 86 (pg/mg tissue), respectively. No significant differences in PG contents among groups aged under 70 were observed. In contrast, significantly low PG contents in the over 70 group were observed, i.e., the contents of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and PGD2 were 311 +/- 58, 36 +/- 8, 196 +/- 48, 171 +/- 40, respectively, and their contents were significantly lower than those in other age groups. In conclusion, gastric mucosal PG contents decrease significantly in over 70 years-old and this might be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Japan
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Oka S, Ogino K, Hobara T, Yoshimura S, Okazaki Y, Takemoto T, Iida Y. Effects of various mucosal protective drugs on diethyldithiocarbamate-induced antral ulcer in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 197:99-102. [PMID: 1654263 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects of exogenous Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and various mucosal protective agents against antral ulcer induced by diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), inhibitor of Cu,Zn-SOD. Exogenous Cu,Zn-SOD reduced ulcer formation and prevented a decrease in SOD activity in gastric mucosa. This result indicates that maintenance of mucosal SOD activity is essential to prevent the ulcerogenicity of DDC. Many mucosal protective drugs that increase blood flow, mucus secretion, and endogenous prostaglandin failed to prevent ulcer formation and decrease of mucosal SOD activity. Rebamipide, however, significantly reduced ulcerogenesis and maintained mucosal SOD activity. This suggests that rebamipide has new protective effects on gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oka
- Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Kuroiwa M, Sugiyama S, Ohara A, Goto H, Tsukamoto Y, Nakazawa S, Ozawa T. Relationship between gastric mucosal prostaglandin levels and healing of gastric lesions in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1990; 17:755-62. [PMID: 2078903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1. This study was designed to determine whether or not endogenous prostaglandins (PG) contribute to the healing of gastric ulcers induced by high concentrations of ethanol or water immersion stress. 2. Ethanol-induced gastric lesions; rats were divided into four groups: (1) the control group: untreated; (2) the indomethacin group: indomethacin (2 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) once daily until the end of the experiment; (3) the ethanol group: rats were given 1 mL of 50% ethanol intragastrically; (4) the ethanol + indomethacin group: indomethacin (2 mg/kg) was injected (i.m.) once daily from 1 h after administration of 50% ethanol until the end of the experiment. 3. Water immersion stress-induced gastric lesions; rats were divided into three groups: (1) control group: untreated; (2) stress group: rats were placed in a stress cage and immersed into a water bath (23 degrees C) for 6 h; (3) stress + indomethacin group: indomethacin (2 mg/kg) was injected (i.m.) once daily for 3 consecutive days immediately after stress treatment or from 3 days after stress treatment until the end of the experiment. 4. Immediately after observation of the lesions, the fundic mucosal layer was separated from the muscle layer and mucosal PG levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in each group. 5. Indomethacin did not inhibit ulcer healing until 48 h after administration in the ethanol experiment, and until 3 days after administration in the water immersion experiment. In contrast, indomethacin inhibited ulcer healing thereafter in each experiment respectively. 6. Four kinds of PG, that is 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PGD2 were detected in gastric mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuroiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Japan
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