1
|
Huang Z, Gong H, Sun Q, Yang J, Yan X, Xu F. Research progress on emulsion vaccine adjuvants. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24662. [PMID: 38317888 PMCID: PMC10839794 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most cost-effective method for preventing various infectious diseases. Compared with conventional vaccines, new-generation vaccines, especially recombinant protein or synthetic peptide vaccines, are safer but less immunogenic than crude inactivated microbial vaccines. The immunogenicity of these vaccines can be enhanced using suitable adjuvants. This is the main reason why adjuvants are of great importance in vaccine development. Several novel human emulsion-based vaccine adjuvants (MF59, AS03) have been approved for clinical use. This paper reviews the research progress on emulsion-based adjuvants and focuses on their mechanism of action. An outlook can be provided for the development of emulsion-based vaccine adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanqing Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The No. 944 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Gansu 735000, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- The Fifth medical center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaochuan Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The No. 944 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Gansu 735000, China
| | - Fenghua Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gala RP, D'Souza M, Zughaier SM. Evaluation of various adjuvant nanoparticulate formulations for meningococcal capsular polysaccharide-based vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:3260-7. [PMID: 27177946 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis and its capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are a major virulence factor in meningococcal infections and form the basis for serogroup designation and preventive vaccines. We have formulated a novel meningococcal nanoparticulate vaccine formulation that does not require chemical conjugation, but encapsulates meningococcal CPS polymers in a biodegradable material that slowly release antigens, thereby has antigen depot effect to enhance antigenicity. The novel vaccine formulation is inexpensive and can be stored as a dry powder with extended shelf life that does not require the cold-chain which facilitates storage and distribution. In order to enhance the antigenicity of meningococcal nanoparticulate vaccine, we screened various adjuvants formulated in nanoparticles, for their ability to potentiate antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Here, we report that MF59 and Alum are superior to TLR-based adjuvants in enhancing dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation markers MHC I, MHC II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 in dendritic cells pulsed with meningococcal CPS nanoparticulate vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikhav P Gala
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin D'Souza
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Susu M Zughaier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reisinger KS, Holmes SJ, Pedotti P, Arora AK, Lattanzi M. A dose-ranging study of MF59(®)-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in young to middle-aged and older adult populations to assess safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence one year after vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2395-407. [PMID: 25424947 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During development of an A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine, this study was performed to identify the antigen and adjuvant content which would provide optimal antibody response and persistence in adults and the elderly. Dose-sparing strategies, such as inclusion of adjuvants, are critical in ensuring the widest possible population coverage in the event of an influenza pandemic, despite a limited global capacity for vaccine manufacture. METHODS Healthy subjects aged 18-64 years (n = 1240) and ≥65 years (n = 1352) were vaccinated with 1 of 8 investigational vaccine formulations varying in antigen quantity (3.75 µg to 30 µg of hemagglutinin) and MF59(®) adjuvant (none, half dose, or full dose). All subjects received 2 vaccine doses administered 3 weeks apart. Antibody response was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition assay 1 and 3 weeks after administration of first and second doses. Antibody persistence was assessed after 6 and 12 mo. Vaccine safety was monitored over 12 mo. RESULTS All 8 investigational A/H1N1 vaccine formulations were well tolerated, and rapidly induced high antibody titers which met all of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) and Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) licensure criteria 3 weeks after one dose. The highest antibody titers were observed in participants vaccinated with higher quantities of antigen and adjuvant. CONCLUSION A single vaccine dose containing 3.75 µg of A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) antigen with MF59 adjuvant was identified as optimal for young to middle-aged (18-64 years) and older (≥65 years) adult populations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Arango MT, Kivity S, Shoenfeld Y. Is narcolepsy a classical autoimmune disease? Pharmacol Res 2015; 92:6-12. [PMID: 25447795 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María-Teresa Arango
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research - CREA, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Shaye Kivity
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Rheumatic Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program 2013, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Influenza viruses: update on epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and vaccination. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2015; 20:242-6. [PMID: 24637227 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the last decade, sporadic and lethal human disease caused by zoonotic avian influenza viruses, and the seasonal activity of human H1N1 2009 pandemic type have driven intense epidemiological and laboratory studies into the virus life cycle. This article highlights major developments from mid-2012 to early 2014. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in molecular techniques and efficient rollout of diagnostic tests have enabled the rapid identification of clinical cases and detailed genetic sequencing of viral genomes. Studies have contributed widely to the understanding of how and when influenza viruses circulate, what determines their innate pathogenicity in particular hosts and whether host cofactors influence disease severity. Other imperatives include investigations into how influenza can be better prevented by vaccination, or treated with antiviral drugs. SUMMARY Avian influenza viruses present a continuous threat to human populations. There is a need for sustained surveillance and downstream research to evaluate the potential for future pandemics.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nolan T, Bravo L, Ceballos A, Mitha E, Gray G, Quiambao B, Patel SS, Bizjajeva S, Bock H, Nazaire-Bermal N, Forleo-Neto E, Cioppa GD, Narasimhan V. Enhanced and persistent antibody response against homologous and heterologous strains elicited by a MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in infants and young children. Vaccine 2014; 32:6146-56. [PMID: 25223266 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines show only modest efficacy in young children. This study compared the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent subunit vaccine (aTIV) with two non-adjuvanted trivalent vaccines, TIV-1, the non-adjuvanted version of aTIV, and TIV-2, a split virion vaccine. METHODS 6078 children received two doses of aTIV (n=3125), TIV-1 (n=1479), or TIV-2 (n=1474) four weeks apart (Days 1 and 29). Children aged 6 to <36 months and 36 to <72 months received 0.25 mL and 0.50 mL doses, respectively. Immunogenicity was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay (n=2435) on Days 1, 29, 50 and 209. Safety was assessed up to Day 394. RESULTS After the second vaccination (Day 50), the aTIV group showed significantly higher geometric mean HI titers and seroconversion rates than the TIV-1 or TIV-2 groups against all homologous and heterologous strains. The difference was enhanced at HI titers ≥110. aTIV elicited a faster, more persistent antibody response, with significantly higher titers in the aTIV group after one vaccination (Day 29) and after six months (Day 209) than in either TIV group. aTIV was more reactogenic than were TIV-1 and TIV-2 but rates of severe adverse events were very low for all three vaccines. CONCLUSION In infants and young children, the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine induced substantially faster (after one dose), higher, persistent HI titers than the non-adjuvanted vaccines, with consistently higher seroprotection rates at increased threshold HI titers. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01346592.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Nolan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, and the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Lulu Bravo
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto Médico Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Cordoba Province, Argentina
| | - Essack Mitha
- Newtown Clinical Research Centre, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Glenda Gray
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Beatriz Quiambao
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Sanjay S Patel
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hans Bock
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vas Narasimhan
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Herbinger KH, von Sonnenburg F, Nothdurft HD, Perona P, Borkowski A, Fragapane E, Nicolay U, Clemens R. A phase II study of an investigational tetravalent influenza vaccine formulation combining MF59®: adjuvanted, pre-pandemic, A/H5N1 vaccine and trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in healthy adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:92-9. [PMID: 24047817 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An investigational tetravalent vaccine combining pre-pandemic, MF59®-adjuvanted A/H5N1 vaccine with non-adjuvanted, trivalent, seasonal influenza vaccine has been developed, which has the potential to be used for pre-pandemic priming and to improve levels of compliance and coverage. It is important to determine whether the safety and immunogenicity of the combination vaccine is equivalent to that of the two separate vaccines when administered concomitantly. Healthy adults (n=601) were randomly assigned to three vaccination groups to receive either: (1) tetravalent vaccine and placebo concomitantly (in separate arms) on Day 1, followed by A/H5N1 vaccine on Day 22; (2) A/H5N1 vaccine and placebo concomitantly on Day 1, followed by tetravalent vaccine on Day 22; or (3) A/H5N1 and seasonal vaccines concomitantly on Day 1, followed by A/H5N1 vaccine on Day 22. Antibody responses were measured using single radial hemolysis (SRH), haemagglutination inhibition (HI), and microneutralization (MN) assays on Days 1, 22, and 43. Solicited adverse reactions were recorded for seven days after vaccination. Spontaneous adverse events were recorded throughout the study. The tetravalent vaccine elicited antibody titers equivalent to those for separate A/H5N1 and seasonal vaccines, and sufficient to meet the European licensure criteria against A/H5N1 and all three seasonal strains. Local and systemic reactions were mainly mild to moderate. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. These findings demonstrate that MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 and seasonal influenza vaccines had an acceptable safety profile and could be effectively administered as a tetravalent formulation, supporting the possibility of integrating pre-pandemic priming into seasonal influenza vaccination programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Herbinger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; University Hospital; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich, Germany
| | - Frank von Sonnenburg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; University Hospital; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Dieter Nothdurft
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; University Hospital; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich, Germany
| | - Pamela Perona
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; University Hospital; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Uwe Nicolay
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics; Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Ralf Clemens
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics; Cambridge, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Assessment of antigen-specific and cross-reactive antibody responses to an MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 prepandemic influenza vaccine in adult and elderly subjects. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1943-8. [PMID: 23081815 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00373-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preparedness against an A/H5N1 influenza pandemic requires well-tolerated, effective vaccines which provide both vaccine strain-specific and heterologous, cross-clade protection. This study was conducted to assess the immunogenicity and safety profile of an MF59-adjuvanted, prepandemic influenza vaccine containing A/turkey/Turkey/01/2005 (H5N1) strain viral antigen. A total of 343 participants, 194 adults (18 to 60 years) and 149 elderly individuals (≥61 years), received two doses of the investigational vaccine given 3 weeks apart. Homologous and heterologous antibody responses were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis (SRH), and microneutralization (MN) assays 3 weeks after administration of the first vaccine dose and 3 weeks and 6 months after the second dose. Immunogenicity was assessed according to European licensure criteria for pandemic influenza vaccines. After two vaccine doses, all three European licensure criteria were met for adult and elderly subjects against the homologous vaccine strain, A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005, when analyzed by HI and SRH assays. Cross-reactive antibody responses were observed by HI and SRH analyses against the heterologous H5N1 strains, A/Indonesia/5/2005 and A/Vietnam/1194/2004, in adult and elderly subjects. Solicited local and systemic reactions were mostly mild to moderate in severity and occurred less frequently in the elderly than in adult vaccinees. In both adult and elderly subjects, MF59-adjuvanted vaccine containing 7.5 μg of A/Turkey strain influenza virus antigen was highly immunogenic, well tolerated, and able to elicit cross-clade, heterologous antibody responses against A/Indonesia and A/Vietnam strains 6 weeks after the first vaccination.
Collapse
|