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Ghazvini K, Khoshbakht R, Tadayon K, Mosavari N, BahramiTaghanaki HR, Mohammadi GR, Rashti Baf M, Nourian K, Samiei A, Ghavidel M. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from humans and animals in northeastern Iran. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6746. [PMID: 37185604 PMCID: PMC10127167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from humans and cattle in northern Iran. Over the course of one year, a total of 120 human and 21 cattle isolates were tested using region of difference (RD)-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unites-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR). In M. tuberculosis, out of 120 isolates investigated, the most common genotype detected was NEW-1 (53.3%), followed by CAS/ Delhi (24.1%), Haarlem (5%), Beijing (4.16%), Uganda I (4.16%), S (3.3%), Ural (0.83%), TUR (0.83%), Uganda II (0.83%), Lam (0.83%) and Cameroon (0.83%). The HGDI rate was 0.9981 and the clustering rate was 10.83. Of the isolates, QUB26 had the highest allele diversity (h: 0.76), while the loci Mtub29 and MIRU24 had the lowest (h: 0). In M. Bovis, out of 123 collected tissue samples, 21 (17%) grew on culture media. The HGDI rate was 0.71 and clustering rate was 85.7%. The locus ETRC had the highest allele diversity (h: 0.45). The findings of this study suggest that there is high genetic diversity among M. tuberculosis isolates in Khorasan Razavi Province, which is consistent with similar results from other studies in other provinces in Iran and neighboring countries. This indicates that the prevalent genotypes in this study are spreading in the Middle East region. Furthermore, considering that M. Bovis isolates were identified in two clusters, it seems that all of them have a common origin and are circulating among the livestock farms in the province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Khoshbakht
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Keyvan Tadayon
- Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Nader Mosavari
- PPD Tuberculin Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Gholam Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashti Baf
- Deputy of Veterinary Administration of Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kimiya Nourian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Samiei
- Tuberculosis and Leprosy Coordinator at Health Chancellor, Health Center of Khorasan State, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdis Ghavidel
- Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Farnad MS, Momtaz H, Mosavari N, Khosravi Y, Tadayon K. Insight into population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the multiethnic province of Alborz, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:58-64. [PMID: 33889363 PMCID: PMC8043826 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i1.5493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from tuberculosis patients in the multiethnic province of Alborz, Iran was assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 isolates in the period of 2012–2013 were collected and subjected to a Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) consisted of 6 variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs) including ETR-A, ETR-B, ETR-C, ElTR-D, ETR-E, ETR-F, 5 Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units including MIRU10, MIRU16, MIRU26, MIRU39, MIRU40, and 1 Queen University of Belfast locus, QUB11. Results: This classified all isolates into 17 distinct MIRU-VNTR types, a reflection of a highly heterogenic population. Within the 12 used VNTR loci, ten proved highly or moderately discriminant according to the calculated HGDI scores. No cluster of isolates was identified in the study panel, giving a clustering rate of 0%, several events of SVL (N=5) and DVL (N=4) and TVL (N=3) were detected. Conclusion: The greater heterogeneity observed here by MLVA-VNTR analysis is most likely due to limited background data in the study region rather than a genuine more heterogeneous population compared to other provinces of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morassa Sadat Farnad
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Nader Mosavari
- Department of Tuberculin & Mallein, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Yahya Khosravi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Non-communicable Diseases, Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Keyvan Tadayon
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sharekord, Iran.,Department of Tuberculin & Mallein, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Mousavi S, Amini S, Mirsaeidi M, Dabiri H, Hamzehloo G, Goudarzi H, Nasiri M. Genotyping and drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Iran: a multi-centre study. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 37:100729. [PMID: 32774869 PMCID: PMC7404542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infection and caused 1.4 million deaths in 2018. Assessing the geographic distribution of major lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can contribute greatly to TB control. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing is commonly used to differentiate various lineages of M. tuberculosis. A total of 2747 clinical specimens were collected consecutively from October 2018 through June 2019. Clinical isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis using standard biochemical tests. The standard 15-locus MIRU-VNTR typing was used for the genotyping of clinical isolates. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the conventional proportion method. From the collected specimens, 100 were culture positive for M. tuberculosis. Using MIRU-VNTR, 99 different patterns were detected among the 100 isolates. They were distributed in one cluster comprising two strains and 98 unique patterns. Most of our isolates were similar to New-1 and Delhi/CAS strains. Of the M. tuberculosis isolates, 83 (83.0%) were pan-susceptible and 17 (17.0%) were resistant to at least one drug. Our study showed that MIRU-VNTR is a useful method for studying the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates in different regional settings and will help the health authorities to construct a preventive programme for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M.J. Mousavi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Amini
- Regional Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H. Dabiri
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G. Hamzehloo
- Regional Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - H. Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M.J. Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kazemian H, Kardan-Yamchi J, Bahador A, Khonsari S, Nasehi M, Hamzehloo G, Vaziri F, Salehi MR, Feizabadi MM. Efficacy Of Line Probe Assay In Detection Of Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Comparison With GeneXpert And Phenotypic Methods In Iran And Genetic Analysis Of Isolates By MIRU-VNTR. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3585-3593. [PMID: 31814746 PMCID: PMC6863623 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s222905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful treatment of tuberculosis depends on early diagnosis and use of appropriate drug susceptibility testing in a timely manner. In the present study, LPA efficacy was assayed in detection and drug susceptibility testing of pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison to available methods in Iran and phylogenetic analyses of isolated cases carried out by MIRU-VNTR. Methods This study was conducted at the Tehran Regional Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis. All sputum specimens were subjected to smear, culture, and drug susceptibility testing (DST), GeneXpert, and LPA. Finally, 15-locus-based MIRU-VNTR was used for molecular genotyping. Results From a total of 920 sputum specimens, 6.08% (n=56) were identified as MTBC by culture, 6.8% (n=63) by GeneXpert, and 6.5% (n=60) by LPA. Phenotype DST and LPA methods confirmed the resistance of 4 and 14 specimens to rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH); two cases were considered as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Using GeneXpert, four cases were identified as RIF-resistant. Based on LPA results, inhA and katG mutations were detected in 100% and 21.4% of INH-resistant cases, respectively. All 56 culture positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were placed in 29 different clusters using MIRU-VNTR genotyping. Two MDR-TB, 2 RIF mono-resistant, and 12 INH mono-resistant cases were placed in different clusters. Conclusion LPA is an appropriate method for early detection and accurate diagnosis of TB and drug-resistant cases that makes it possible to distinguish INH mono-resistant cases from MDR cases in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kazemian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Kardan-Yamchi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Khonsari
- Natural Science Department, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Mahshid Nasehi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Salehi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the capital of Iran. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 132:46-52. [PMID: 30513341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and determining if the association between a specific genotype and the site of infection is crucial. Accordingly, the current study aimed at comparing predominant M.tb genotypes in pulmonary (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) isolates circulating in the capital of Iran. METHODS The genetic diversity of culture-confirmed PTB and EPTB isolates were evaluated by Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR (mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat) typing methods. Genotyping data were analyzed with SITVIT, MIRU-VNTRplus, and TBminer databases. To assess adjusted associations, chi-square/the Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression model were applied. RESULTS URAL2 (NEW-1) (28/88; 31.8%) and CAS1-DELHI (25/84; 29.8%) genotypes were predominant in EPTB and PTB strains, respectively. Based on MIRU-VNTR typing, 158 different MIRU-VNTR patterns were identified. Clustering rate and minimum estimate of the proportion of TB caused by recent transmission was 4.1% and 8.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided new insight into circulating genotypes of M.tb in PTB and EPTB patients in Tehran, Iran. This low percentage of TB transmission rate, demonstrated that mode of TB transmission was mainly associated with reactivation of latent TB rather than recently transmitted infection in this region. There was no significant difference in the association between the genotypes of M.tb strains and the site of the disease.
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Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates circulating in an area with high tuberculosis incidence: Using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR method. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 112:89-97. [PMID: 30205974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship and transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genotypes in an area with high tuberculosis (TB) incidence. A set of 164 MTBC isolates from new TB patients of Golestan province, Iran, were subjected to genotyping using the standard 24-locus MIRU-VNTR method. Recent TB transmission was evaluated and phylogenetic relationships were analysed by minimum spanning tree and cluster-graph methods. Among the 164 isolates, 132 distinct patterns were detected. The 48 clustered isolates (29.3%) were distributed into 16 clusters ranging in size from 2 to 12 isolates. The most frequent genotype was Central Asian Strain/Delhi (CAS/Delhi) (n = 67, 40.8%), followed by NEW-1 (n = 53, 32.3%) and Beijing (n = 19, 11.6%) genotypes. Thirty five (72.9%) of NEW-1 isolates were recovered from immigrant patients and 84.2% (n = 16) of Beijing genotypes recovered from native cases. Statistically significant association was found between clustering and smoking (p = 0.047), drug addiction (p = 0.01) and prison history (p = 0.003). The estimated proportion of recent transmission was 19.5%. Presence of highly diverse MTBC isolates circulating in this province without a dominant genotype might be a consequence of importation of various genotypes in this area.
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Azimi T, Nasiri MJ, Zamani S, Hashemi A, Goudarzi H, Fooladi AAI, Feizabadi MM, Fallah F. High genetic diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Tehran, Iran. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2018; 11:1-6. [PMID: 31720383 PMCID: PMC6830142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) still remains an important public health problem in Iran. The genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is expected to lead to a better understanding of M. tuberculosis transmission in Tehran, the most populated city of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2300 clinical specimens were obtained from TB suspected patients who were referred to a TB center in Tehran from Jan 2014 to Dec 2016. Identification was performed using both conventional and molecular methods. The presence of resistance to rifampicin was examined by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF. The standard 15-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing method was applied to genotype of clinical isolates. RESULTS Of 2300 specimens, 80 isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis by using biochemical and molecular tests. Of 80 M. tuberculosis isolates, 76 (95%) had unique genotypic profiles and 4 (5%) shared a profile with one or more other strains. Based on single loci variation (SLV) 4 clonal complexes were observed. NEW-1 was found to be the most predominant lineage (22.5%) followed by West African (1.25%), Central Asian (CAS)/Delhi (1.25%), Bovis (1.25%), H37Rv (1.25%) and multiple matches (1.25%). Loci MIRU10, MIRU26, MTUB21 and QUB26 were found as highly discriminative. No mutation was detected in the hotspot region of rifampicin by using GeneXpert MTB/RIF. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings show that there was considerable genotypic diversity among M. tuberculosis isolates in Tehran. The 15-locus MIRU-VNTR showed high HGDI and could be used as a first-line genotyping method for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Azimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samin Zamani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khosravi AD, Shahraki AH, Dezfuli SK, Hashemzadeh M, Goodarzi H, Mohajeri P. Genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Iran using MIRU-VNTR technique. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:550-557. [PMID: 29050672 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, and recent rise and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains, have made the matter worsened. Due to the importance of TB prevalence in Iran, this study was designed to investigate the genetic diversity among MDR strains of MTB by MIRU-VNTR typing scheme. A total of 88 drug resistant M. tuberculosis isolates belong to pulmonary TB cases were collected from several TB reference centers of Iran. Drug susceptibility testing for Isoniazid and Rifampin was performed using the agar proportion method and MDR isolates were underwent genotyping by using 12-locus- based MIRU-VNTR typing. On performing proportion method, 22 isolates were identified as MDR. By typing of MDR isolates using 12-loci MIRU-VNTR technique, high diversity were demonstrated in MDR strains and these were classified into 20 distinct MIRU-VNTR genotypes. MIRU loci 10 and 26 were the most discriminatory loci with 8 and 7 alleles respectively; while MIRU loci 2, 20, 24 and 39 were found to be the least discriminatory with 1-2 alleles each. We noticed a mixed infection in isolate 53, as this isolate comprised simultaneous two alleles in MIRU loci 40, 10, 16 and 39. In conclusion, this result represents MIRU-VNTR typing as a useful tool for studying genetic diversity of MDR-MTB in regional settings, and will help the health sectors to construct a preventive program for MDR-TB. Additionally, it can detect mixed infection which can facilitate management of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Soolmaz Khandan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Goodarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parviz Mohajeri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolated from Patients in the Northeast of Iran by MIRU-VNTR and Spoligotyping. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.39568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pourostadi M, Rashedi J, Mahdavi Poor B, Samadi Kafil H, Shirazi S, Asgharzadeh M. Molecular Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains in Northwestern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e35520. [PMID: 27800145 PMCID: PMC5086081 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.35520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Years after the development of antituberculosis (TB) drugs, many people continue to suffer from this disease. To control the spread of TB, strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex need to be determined, and sources of infection must be identified. Such steps should help to prevent transmission of the infection. Objectives The aim of this study was to perform molecular genotyping of isolates of the M. tuberculosis complex obtained from patients in northwestern Iran. Methods One hundred ninety-four culture-positive M. tuberculosis isolates obtained from patients in northwestern Iran were analyzed using the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-exact tandem repeats (MIRU-ETR) method. Results The MIRU-ETR method distinguished 162 different patterns in the 194 isolates, comprising 23 clusters and 139 unique patterns. Its discriminatory power according to the Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) was 0.9978. The largest cluster contained six isolates. Conclusions This research indicated that various strains of M. tuberculosis were responsible for TB and that the majority of cases were due to reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Pourostadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Jalil Rashedi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Jalil Rashedi, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Azadi St., Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-4133392633, Fax: +98-4133371971, E-mail:
| | - Behroz Mahdavi Poor
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Samaneh Shirazi
- Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Hematology-Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Hormozgan Province of Iran Based on 15-Locus MIRU-VNTR and Spoligotyping. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 2016; 2016:7146470. [PMID: 27819023 PMCID: PMC5081880 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7146470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Considering that Hormozgan province in Iran (southern part of Iran on the Persian Gulf) is among the areas with high prevalence of MDR-MTB and attracts so many sailors and tourists, genetic diversity of MTB isolates circulating in this part of Iran was evaluated. Pattern of TB transmission was also examined. Methods and Material. A total of 38 isolates of MTB were cultured from TB patients from Hormozgan province of Iran and standard MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping were applied to genotype these isolates. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using proportion method. Results. There were 28 VNTR profiles comprising 5 clusters and 23 unique isolates compared to 21 spoligotyping profiles, which contained 9 clusters and 12 unique isolates. Latin American-Mediterranean (n = 9, 23.6%) was found to be the most predominant lineage. MIRU-VNTR analysis, with an HGDI of 0.975, was more discriminating than spoligotyping, which had an HGDI of 0.955. The estimated proportion of TB cases due to recent transmission was 26.3% and 44.7% by MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping, respectively. The rates of monodrug resistance and MDR were 15.8% and 7.9%, respectively. Two of 3 MDR strains were found to be related to MIRU-VNTR and belonged to the same spoligotyping cluster characterized with T1/SIT53 genotype. Conclusions. The high genetic diversity among MTB isolates suggests that transmission occurred from different sources to this area. Reactivation of a priori, latent MTB infection was found to contribute mainly to TB cases in this geographic region.
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