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Parkan ÖM, Kiliç H, Alp E, Timur D, Gündoğdu A, Ünaldi Ö, Durmaz R. Clonal spread of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates in a tertiary hospital. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2024; 19:Doc26. [PMID: 38883406 PMCID: PMC11177223 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Aim The aims of this study were to: (i) determine antibiotic susceptibility of clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates, (ii) investigate the presence of different classes of integrons and sul genes responsible for sulphonamide resistance, (iii) assess the molecular epidemiology of the isolates by determining their clonal relatedness, and (iv) investigate the potential sources of infection by collecting environmental samples when necessary. Methods 99 S. maltophilia isolates from clinical specimens of hospitalized patients were screened by PCR for sul1, sul2, sul3 genes, and integron-associated integrase genes: intI1, intI2, and intI3. PFGE was used to determine the clonal relatedness of the isolates. Results Susceptibility rates for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin, and ceftazidime were 90.9%, 91.9%, and 53.5% respectively. All trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates were positive for intI1 and sul1. PFGE analysis revealed that 24 of the isolates were clonally related, clustering in seven different clones. Five of the nine trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates were clonally related. The first isolate in this clone was from a wound sample of a patient in the infectious diseases clinic, and the other four were isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage samples of patients in the thoracic surgery unit. The patient with the first isolate neither underwent bronchoscopy nor stayed in the thoracic surgery unit. Although clustering was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage samples, no S. maltophilia growth was detected in environmental samples. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that the sul1 gene carried by class 1 integrons plays an important role in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in S. maltophilia isolates. PFGE analysis revealed a high degree of genetic diversity. However, detection of clonally related isolates suggests the acquisition from a common source and/or cross-transmission of this microorganism between the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Mustafa Parkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Kiliç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emine Alp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Timur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aycan Gündoğdu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Özlem Ünaldi
- National Molecular Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Durmaz
- National Molecular Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Dadashi M, Hajikhani B, Nazarinejad N, Noorisepehr N, Yazdani S, Hashemi A, Hashemizadeh Z, Goudarzi M, Fatemeh S. Global prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:253-267. [PMID: 36906172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia), an opportunistic pathogen, causes infection in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, mechanical ventilation, or catheters and in long-term hospitalized patients. Due to its extensive resistance to various antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, S. maltophilia is challenging to treat. Using case reports, case series, and prevalence studies, the current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance profiles across clinical isolates of S. maltophilia. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed for original research articles published in Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases from 2000 to 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14 software to report antibiotic resistance of S. maltophilia clinical isolates worldwide. RESULTS 223 studies (39 case reports/case series and 184 prevalence studies) were collected for analysis. A meta-analysis of prevalence studies demonstrated that the most antibiotic resistance worldwide was to levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and minocycline (14.4%, 9.2%, and 1.4%, respectively). Resistance to TMP/SMX (36.84%), levofloxacin (19.29%), and minocycline (1.75%) were the most prevalent antibiotic resistance types found in evaluated case reports/case series studies. The highest resistance rate to TMP/SMX was reported in Asia (19.29%), Europe (10.52%), and America (7.01%), respectively. CONCLUSION Considering the high resistance to TMP/SMX, more attention should be paid to patients' drug regimens to prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant S. maltophilia isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Nazarinejad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Negin Noorisepehr
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahrooz Yazdani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rajaei Educational and Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameni Fatemeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Delgarm Shams-Abadi A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Paterson DL, Arash R, Asadi Farsani E, Taji A, Heidari H, Shahini Shams Abadi M. The prevalence of colistin resistance in clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:200. [PMID: 37507660 PMCID: PMC10386657 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the first-line therapy of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections, colistin is one of the therapeutic options in cases of allergy or resistance to TMP-SMX. However, understanding the global status of resistance to colistin amongst S. maltophilia isolates could be helpful for appropriate antibiotic prescription. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of colistin resistance in clinical S. maltophilia isolates worldwide. According to eligibility criteria, a total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence for colistin resistance was 42% (95% CI: 35-49%), ranging from 0.1 to 97%. Subgroups analysis indicated that, the pooled prevalence of colistin resistance was 44% (95% CI: 29-60%) in 15 studies during 2000-2010, and it was estimated to be 41% (95% CI: 33-50%) in 46 articles from 2011 to 2021. It was 46% (95% CI: 35-58%) in the studies that used broth microdilution method, and 39% (95% CI: 30-49%) in the studies with other used methods. The resistance rate in Asian countries was 45% (95% CI: 31-60%), in European countries was 45% (95% CI: 34-56%) and in the countries of North and South America was 33% (95% CI: 20-46%). Our review showed notable resistance to colistin in clinical S. maltophilia isolates. Given the estimated resistance rates, alternative antibiotics could be preferred to treat serious infections due to S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L Paterson
- UQ Center for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rezvan Arash
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Asadi Farsani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Asieh Taji
- International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Banar M, Sattari-Maraji A, Bayatinejad G, Ebrahimi E, Jabalameli L, Beigverdi R, Emaneini M, Jabalameli F. Global prevalence and antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1163439. [PMID: 37215718 PMCID: PMC10196134 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1163439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a little-known environmental opportunistic bacterium that can cause broad-spectrum infections. Despite the importance of this bacterium as an emerging drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen, a comprehensive analysis of its prevalence and resistance to antibiotics has not yet been conducted. Methods A systematic search was performed using four electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to October 2019. Out of 6,770 records, 179 were documented in the current meta-analysis according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 95 studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Results Present analysis revealed that the global pooled prevalence of S. maltophilia was 5.3 % [95% CI, 4.1-6.7%], with a higher prevalence in the Western Pacific Region [10.5%; 95% CI, 5.7-18.6%] and a lower prevalence in the American regions [4.3%; 95% CI, 3.2-5.7%]. Based on our meta-analysis, the highest antibiotic resistance rate was against cefuroxime [99.1%; 95% CI, 97.3-99.7%], while the lowest resistance was correlated with minocycline [4·8%; 95% CI, 2.6-8.8%]. Discussion The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of S. maltophilia infections has been increasing over time. A comparison of the antibiotic resistance of S. maltophilia before and after 2010 suggested there was an increasing trend in the resistance to some antibiotics, such as tigecycline and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid. However, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is still considered an effective antibiotic for treating S. maltophilia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Banar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Sattari-Maraji
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Bayatinejad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Ebrahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Leila Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liao X, Zhao P, Hou L, Adyari B, Xu EG, Huang Q, Hu A. Network analysis reveals significant joint effects of microplastics and tetracycline on the gut than the gill microbiome of marine medaka. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:129996. [PMID: 36152547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics could accumulate and enrich antibiotics in the aquatic environment. Despite this, the joint effects of microplastics and antibiotics on aquatic organisms are not clear. Here, we investigated the changes of microbial interactions in both gill and gut of marine medaka exposed to polystyrene microbeads (PS) and/or tetracycline for 30 days by using co-occurrence network analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences. We found that the single and combined effects of PS and tetracycline were more profound on the gut than on the gill microbiome. SourceTracker analysis showed that the relative contributions from the gill microbiome to the gut microbiome increased under combined exposure. Moreover, the combined exposure reduced the complexity and stability of the gut microbial network more than those induced by any single exposure, suggesting the synergistic effects of PS and tetracycline on the gut microbiome. The PS and tetracycline combined exposure also caused a shift in the keystone taxa of the gut microbial network. However, no similar pattern was found for gill microbial networks. Furthermore, single and combined exposure to PS and/or tetracycline altered the associations between the gut network taxa and indicator liver metabolites. Altogether, these findings enhanced our understanding of the hazards of the co-occurring environmental microplastics and antibiotics to the fish commensal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; School of Public Utilities, Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction College, Changzhou 213147, China
| | - Liyuan Hou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah state university, Utah UT 84322, USA
| | - Bob Adyari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Gibb J, Wong DW. Antimicrobial Treatment Strategies for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A Focus on Novel Therapies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101226. [PMID: 34680807 PMCID: PMC8532924 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an urgent global threat due to its increasing incidence and intrinsic antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic development has focused on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter, with approved antibiotics in recent years having limited activity for Stenotrophomonas. Accordingly, novel treatment strategies for Stenotrophomonas are desperately needed. We conducted a systemic literature review and offer recommendations based on current evidence for a treatment strategy of Stenotrophomonas infection.
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Clinical outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, minocycline, or fluoroquinolone monotherapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106367. [PMID: 34058337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The historical treatment of choice for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and this is primarily based on preclinical studies. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical outcomes of patients receiving monotherapy with different agents. METHODS This was a retrospective study of adult patients receiving monotherapy for S. maltophilia infection with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), a fluoroquinolone, or minocycline from 2010 to 2016. The primary outcome was clinical failure, a composite of recurrence, alteration of therapy due to adverse reaction or concern for clinical failure, or 30-day in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality. To account for treatment selection bias, multivariate regression and propensity score weighting were conducted. RESULTS 284 patients were included (217 received TMP/SMX, 28 received a fluoroquinolone, and 39 received minocycline). The TMP/SMX and minocycline groups appeared to include similar patients whereas the fluoroquinolone group appeared to represent a slightly less severely ill population. Clinical failure was similar between groups (36%, 29%, and 31% in the TMP/SMX, fluoroquinolone, and minocycline groups, respectively, P=0.69) as was 30-day mortality (15%, 7%, and 5% in the TMP/SMX, fluoroquinolone, and minocycline groups, respectively, P=0.16). After controlling for confounding factors, receipt of minocycline (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.2 [0.1-0.7]) but not a fluoroquinolone (adjusted OR=0.3 [0.1 to 2.1]) was associated with lower mortality compared with TMP/SMX. This association persisted after propensity score weighting. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes were similar or better with alternatives to TMP/SMX monotherapy, which indicates this may not be the treatment of choice for infections caused by S. maltophilia.
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Gajdács M, Urbán E. Epidemiological Trends and Resistance Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Hungary. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7020041. [PMID: 31159258 PMCID: PMC6631814 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been recognized as an emerging nosocomial pathogen in invasive infections of immunocompromised, severely debilitated patients with significant underlying illnesses. The first-choice drug in these infections is sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX/TMP), and resistance to this antimicrobial is a daunting challenge for clinicians. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of S. maltophilia bacteremia and SMX/TMP-resistance levels at a tertiary-care university hospital. A total of 175 episodes of S. maltophilia bacteremia were identified (2008-2012: n = 82, 2013-2017: n = 93; p = 0.061), 52% of affected patients were 60 years of age, and had recent surgery, severe injuries or underlying conditions (malignant hematologic diseases and solid tumors) in their history. Sixteen percent of isolates were resistant to SMX/TMP (2008-2012: n = 13.8%, 2013-2017: n = 17.2%; p = 0.076), and out of the resistant strains, 32.7% were also resistant to levofloxacin and colistin. Our findings on the SMX/TMP-resistance were similar to global literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
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Avery LM, Sutherland CA, Nicolau DP. In vitro investigation of synergy among fosfomycin and parenteral antimicrobials against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:216-220. [PMID: 31213392 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous fosfomycin is undergoing clinical development in the United States for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) and may be prescribed as a component of dual antibiotic regimens against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Fosfomycin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tobramycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by gradient diffusion strip (GDS) against CPE isolates (N = 49). The GDS cross method was used to assess antibiotic interactions between fosfomycin and the aforementioned parenteral antibiotics. The resultant fractional inhibitory concentration index was used to classify interactions. Fosfomycin-containing combinations were evaluated only if nonsusceptible to the second agent. The fosfomycin MIC50 was ≥1024 mg/L by GDS. Synergy or additivity was detected in 80 (22%) fosfomycin-containing combinations. Antagonism was not observed. Ceftolozane/tazobactam most frequently displayed synergy [8 (16.3%) isolates]. When CPE are isolated, clinical laboratories should consider performing GDS synergy tests to identify favorable antibiotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Avery
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Christina A Sutherland
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - David P Nicolau
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
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KARAMANLIOĞLU D, DİZBAY M. In vitro combination of tigecycline with other antibiotics in
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:683-686. [PMID: 30866602 PMCID: PMC7018222 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1808-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of tigecycline in combination treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections by evaluating the in vitro synergistic effects of tigecycline with various antibiotics using the E-test method. Materials and methods Synergy testing by E-test was performed with various antibiotic combinations in 10 S. maltophilia isolates identified as a cause of infection. The antibiotics used in the study included tigecycline (TGC), cefoperazone-sulbactam (CPS), ceftazidime (TZ), levofloxacin (LEV), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) (TS). Four different combinations (TGC-CPS, TGC-TZ, TGC-LEV, TGC-TS) were studied with the E-test synergy method. Results S. maltophilia isolates were found to have the highest level of susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tigecycline, and levofloxacin. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was calculated as FIC = MICAB/MICA + MICBA/MICB. The FIC index values were calculated and classified as synergistic (FIC < 0.5), additive (FIC = 0.5–1), indifferent (FIC = 1–4), and antagonistic (FIC > 4). According to FIC index values, synergy was found with the highest rate with TGC-CPS and TGC-LEV combinations (20%). Antagonistic activity was not found in any combination. Conclusion When trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cannot be used because of resistance or allergy, tigecycline alone or in combination may be included as an alternative option. Although in vitro results are promising, clinical data are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek KARAMANLIOĞLU
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Nafiz Körez State Hospital, Sincan, AnkaraTurkey
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Murat DİZBAY
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, AnkaraTurkey
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Negut I, Grumezescu V, Grumezescu AM. Treatment Strategies for Infected Wounds. Molecules 2018; 23:E2392. [PMID: 30231567 PMCID: PMC6225154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of skin wounds is a key research domain owing to the important functional and aesthetic role of this tissue. When the skin is impaired, bacteria can soon infiltrate into underlying tissues which can lead to life-threatening infections. Consequently, effective treatments are necessary to deal with such pathological conditions. Recently, wound dressings loaded with antimicrobial agents have emerged as viable options to reduce wound bacterial colonization and infection, in order to improve the healing process. In this paper, we present an overview of the most prominent antibiotic-embedded wound dressings, as well as the limitations of their use. A promising, but still an underrated group of potential antibacterial agents that can be integrated into wound dressings are natural products, especially essential oils. Some of the most commonly used essential oils against multidrug-resistant microorganisms, such as tea tree, St. John's Wort, lavender and oregano, together with their incorporation into wound dressings are presented. In addition, another natural product that exhibits encouraging antibacterial activity is honey. We highlight recent results of several studies carried out by researchers from different regions of the world on wound dressings impregnated with honey, with a special emphasis on Manuka honey. Finally, we highlight recent advances in using nanoparticles as platforms to increase the effect of pharmaceutical formulations aimed at wound healing. Silver, gold, and zinc nanoparticles alone or functionalized with diverse antimicrobial compounds have been integrated into wound dressings and demonstrated therapeutic effects on wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Negut
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO-77125, Romania.
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Valentina Grumezescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele RO-77125, Romania.
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest, ICUB, Bucharest 050107, Romania.
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Assessing the in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Defining the zone of hope. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:688-691. [PMID: 30044946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam (CZA+ATM) is an emerging option to combat carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) expressing resistance via multiple β-lactamases within Ambler classes A, B, C, and D. The benefit of this combination is apparent when the pathogen-specific resistance genotype is characterized. However, rapid molecular diagnostic systems may be unavailable to allow this precision medicine-based approach. Using synergy tests with antibiotic gradient diffusion strips (GDSs), we aimed to prove that the defined phenotypic profile of CPE is reliably predicted by the genotype to confirm the utility of this method as a phenotypic profiling tool for use in the clinical setting. Synergy assessments for CPE (n=10) that co-produce serine- and metallo-β-lactamases were performed by crossing CZA and ATM antibiotic GDSs (Liofilchem® and Etest®). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC):MIC ratio method was also conducted for five CPE. All CPE were resistant to CZA and ATM when tested alone. Using classical fractional inhibitory concentration definitions, synergy (9/10) and additivity (1/10) was detected by at least one method for all isolates. As predicted by cross-coverage of genotypically defined serine- and metallo-β-lactamases, for all isolates CZA+ATM produced a phenotypic profile distinguished by sizeable zones of inhibited growth which we term the 'zone of hope'. In conclusion, simple procedures utilizing antibiotic GDSs were concordant with the known genotypic profile of the CPE selected for study. This approach appears to be a valuable tool for guiding therapy in the absence of molecular diagnostic systems. Furthermore, this study confirms potent in vitro activity of CZA+ATM against CPE expressing multiple β-lactamases.
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El Chakhtoura NG, Saade E, Iovleva A, Yasmin M, Wilson B, Perez F, Bonomo RA. Therapies for multidrug resistant and extensively drug-resistant non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections: a perilous journey toward 'molecularly targeted' therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 16:89-110. [PMID: 29310479 PMCID: PMC6093184 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1425139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli are at the center of the antimicrobial resistance epidemic. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are both designated with a threat level to human health of 'serious' by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Two other major non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia complex, while not as prevalent, have devastating effects on vulnerable populations, such as those with cystic fibrosis, as well as immunosuppressed or hospitalized patients. Areas covered: In this review, we summarize the clinical impact, presentations, and mechanisms of resistance of these four major groups of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. We also describe available and promising novel therapeutic options and strategies, particularly combination antibiotic strategies, with a focus on multidrug resistant variants. Expert commentary: We finally advocate for a therapeutic approach that incorporates in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing with molecular and genotypic characterization of mechanisms of resistance, as well as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) parameters. The goal is to begin to formulate a precision medicine approach to antimicrobial therapy: a clinical-decision making model that integrates bacterial phenotype, genotype and patient's PK/PD to arrive at rationally-optimized combination antibiotic chemotherapy regimens tailored to individual clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim G. El Chakhtoura
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Elie Saade
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alina Iovleva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mohamad Yasmin
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brigid Wilson
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Federico Perez
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Hu LF, Xu XH, Li HR, Gao LP, Chen X, Sun N, Liu YY, Ying HF, Li JB. Surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated in China during the 10-year period of 2005-2014. J Chemother 2017; 30:25-30. [PMID: 28949279 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2017.1378834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance pattern was studied among 300 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates collected from 300 nonduplicated inpatients. The average age of the patients was 73.5 ± 14.6 years old. Isolates nonsusceptible to levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, minocycline or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) were more prevalent in the 99 patients aged over 81 years than in the other patients (p < 0.05). Multidrug resistance was found to be significantly associated with isolates recovered from the blood (72.7%, p = 0.000) and elderly patients (31.3%, p = 0.003). A trend of increased resistance to antimicrobials and higher and higher frequencies of multidrug-resistant isolates were observed through the 10-year period, wherein the percentage of isolates resistant to SXT was significantly changed from 29.7% in 2005-2009 to 47.1% in 2010-2014 (p = 0.02). Clinicians are recommended to pay special attention to the possibility of multidrug-resistant S. maltophilia infection in elderly inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Hu
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Xi-Hai Xu
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Hong-Ru Li
- c Xiangya School of Medicine , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Xi Chen
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Nian Sun
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Hua-Fa Ying
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Jia-Bin Li
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China.,b Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance , Hefei , Anhui , China.,d Department of Infectious Diseases , The Chaohu Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , China
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Araoka H, Baba M, Okada C, Abe M, Kimura M, Yoneyama A. Evaluation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole based combination therapy against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: in vitro effects and clinical efficacy in cancer patients. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 58:18-21. [PMID: 28257816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects and clinical efficacies of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) combined with other antimicrobial agents against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. METHODS In vitro analysis was conducted on 89 S. maltophilia strains isolated from blood and the respiratory tract between June 2012 and October 2014. Levofloxacin (LVX), ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (TIM), and minocycline (MIN) were selected for an examination of their effects when individually combined with SXT by the checkerboard method. In addition, 29 S. maltophilia bacteremia cases were reviewed and the clinical efficacies of SXT-based combination therapies were analyzed. RESULTS SXT+LVX showed synergy in 21, no interactions in 61, and antagonism in 7. SXT+TIM showed synergy in 71, and no interactions in 18. SXT+MIN showed synergy in 10, and no interactions in 79. The review of clinical data indicated that a combination of SXT+fluoroquinolone was not associated with improved prognosis compared with monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro data indicated that SXT+TIM had beneficial microbiological effects and was not antagonistic. Our in vitro and clinical data analyses do not support the routine use of SXT+fluoroquinolone combination therapy for S. maltophilia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Araoka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaru Baba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Okada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Kimura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoneyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Increase in the Prevalence of Resistance Determinants to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole in Clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157693. [PMID: 27310255 PMCID: PMC4911037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study was carried to reveal the genetic mechanisms of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) resistance. Methods Among 300 clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from China, resistance determinants such as sul and dfrA genes, integrons and transposase were examined using PCR, DNA sequencing and thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results Of the 300 isolates, 116 (38.7%) were resistant to SXT. An alarming trend of increased resistance to SXT were found over the 10-year period. The positive rates of sul and class 1 integrase (intI1) increased gradually with the development of SXT resistance over the 10-year period. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that the genes of qacEΔ1-sul1 (81% vs 46.2%, p = 0.000), sul2 (50.9% vs 9.8%, p = 0.000), intI1 (83.6% vs 65.8%, p = 0.000), dfrA12 (25% vs 3.3%, p = 0.000), dfrA17 (15.5% vs 3.8%, p = 0.000) and dfrA27 (4.3% vs 1.6%, p = 0.01) were more prevalent in SXT-resistant isolates than SXT-susceptible isolates except dfrA1(p = 0.83) and dfrA5(p = 0.18). Sequencing data revealed 12 types of resistance gene cassettes (aar-3-dfrA27, dfrA12–aadA2, dfrA17–aadA5, cmlA1, aacA4, aadA5, arr-3-aacA4, aadA1, aadB–aadA4, aacA4–catB8–aadA1, aadB–aac(6′)-II–blaCARB-8 and aac(6′)-II–blaCARB-8) located in the class 1 integron in 163 isolates (87% SXT-resistant vs 33.7% SXT-susceptible isolates, p = 0.000). A novel finding was the aar-3-dfrA27 (KC748137) gene cassette. The gene of sul2 linked to transposase in 50 SXT- resistant and 7 SXT- susceptible isolates was detected by TAIL-PCR. Conclusions The findings demonstrated a higher prevalence of sul, dfrA, intI1 and resistance gene cassettes in class 1 integron in SXT-resistant clinical S. maltophilia isolates in China. The sul1 and dfrA genes located in integrons and the sul2 linked to transposase may imply wide and rapid dissemination of resistance gene in bacteria.
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Chang YT, Lin CY, Chen YH, Hsueh PR. Update on infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with particular attention to resistance mechanisms and therapeutic options. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:893. [PMID: 26388847 PMCID: PMC4557615 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative, biofilm-forming bacterium. Although generally regarded as an organism of low virulence, S. maltophilia is an emerging multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen in hospital and community settings, especially among immunocompromised hosts. Risk factors associated with S. maltophilia infection include underlying malignancy, cystic fibrosis, corticosteroid or immunosuppressant therapy, the presence of an indwelling central venous catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics. In this review, we provide a synthesis of information on current global trends in S. maltophilia pathogenicity as well as updated information on the molecular mechanisms contributing to its resistance to an array of antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of S. maltophilia infection in the general population increased from 0.8-1.4% during 1997-2003 to 1.3-1.68% during 2007-2012. The most important molecular mechanisms contributing to its resistance to antibiotics include β-lactamase production, the expression of Qnr genes, and the presence of class 1 integrons and efflux pumps. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the antimicrobial drug of choice. Although a few studies have reported increased resistance to TMP/SMX, the majority of studies worldwide show that S. maltophilia continues to be highly susceptible. Drugs with historically good susceptibility results include ceftazidime, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and fluoroquinolones; however, a number of studies show an alarming trend in resistance to those agents. Tetracyclines such as tigecycline, minocycline, and doxycycline are also effective agents and consistently display good activity against S. maltophilia in various geographic regions and across different time periods. Combination therapies, novel agents, and aerosolized forms of antimicrobial drugs are currently being tested for their ability to treat infections caused by this multi-drug resistant organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal HsiaoKang Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan
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Ruppé É, Woerther PL, Barbier F. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Ann Intensive Care 2015; 5:61. [PMID: 26261001 PMCID: PMC4531117 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-015-0061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) now represents a daily issue for the management of antimicrobial therapy in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In Enterobacteriaceae, the dramatic increase in the rates of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins mainly results from the spread of plasmid-borne extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), especially those belonging to the CTX-M family. The efficacy of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor associations for severe infections due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae has not been adequately evaluated in critically ill patients, and carbapenems still stands as the first-line choice in this situation. However, carbapenemase-producing strains have emerged worldwide over the past decade. VIM- and NDM-type metallo-beta-lactamases, OXA-48 and KPC appear as the most successful enzymes and may threaten the efficacy of carbapenems in the near future. ESBL- and carbapenemase-encoding plasmids frequently bear resistance determinants for other antimicrobial classes, including aminoglycosides (aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes or 16S rRNA methylases) and fluoroquinolones (Qnr, AAC(6′)-Ib-cr or efflux pumps), a key feature that fosters the spread of multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. In non-fermenting GNB such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, multidrug resistance may emerge following the sole occurrence of sequential chromosomal mutations, which may lead to the overproduction of intrinsic beta-lactamases, hyper-expression of efflux pumps, target modifications and permeability alterations. P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii also have the ability to acquire mobile genetic elements encoding resistance determinants, including carbapenemases. Available options for the treatment of ICU-acquired infections due to carbapenem-resistant GNB are currently scarce, and recent reports emphasizing the spread of colistin resistance in environments with high volume of polymyxins use elicit major concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Ruppé
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,
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Bojkova M, Markovska R, Stoeva T, Strateva T, Ivanova D, Popova V, Mitov I. Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliain a Bulgarian university hospital over a 5-year period (2007–2012). Infect Dis (Lond) 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1069393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cho SY, Lee DG, Choi SM, Park C, Chun HS, Park YJ, Choi JK, Lee HJ, Park SH, Choi JH, Yoo JH. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection in patients with hematologic malignancies: a retrospective study and in vitro activities of antimicrobial combinations. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:69. [PMID: 25887489 PMCID: PMC4336707 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia causes serious infections in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of S. maltophilia bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with hematologic malignancies and evaluated in vitro synergistic effects of antimicrobial combinations. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive episodes of S. maltophilia BSIs in adult hematologic patients from June 2009 to May 2014, with in vitro susceptibility and synergy tests using high-throughput bioluminescence assay performed for available clinical isolates. Results Among 11,004 admissions during 5-year period, 31 cases were identified as S. maltophilia BSIs. The incidence rate of S. maltophilia BSI was 0.134 cases/1,000 patient-days. Overall and attributable mortality of S. maltophilia BSI was 64.5% and 38.7%, respectively. Severe neutropenia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 5.24, p =0.013), shock at the onset of BSI (adjusted HR 6.05, p <0.001), and pneumonia (adjusted HR 3.15, p =0.017) were independent risk factors for mortality. In vitro susceptibilities to ceftazidime, levofloxacin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (TIM) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) were 11.1%, 44.0%, 40.7%, and 88.9%, respectively. MIC50/MIC90 for moxifloxacin and tigecycline were 1/4 mg/L and 4/8 mg/L. The 50% and 90% fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC50/FIC90) of clinical isolates against a combination of SXT and TIM were 0.500/0.750. For SXT plus levofloxacin or moxifloxacin, FIC50/FIC90 were 0.625/1.000 and 0.625/0.625, respectively. Conclusion S. maltophilia BSIs show high mortality, which is related to severe neutropenia, shock, and S. maltophilia pneumonia. Based upon drug susceptibility testing, the primary treatment of choice for S. maltophilia BSIs should be SXT in hematologic patients, rather than quinolones, with combination therapies including SXT serving as a feasible treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yeon Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,The Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Mi Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulmin Park
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Chun
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon-Joon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Ki Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hong Yoo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Al-Anazi KA, Al-Jasser AM. Infections Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Oncol 2014; 4:232. [PMID: 25202682 PMCID: PMC4142553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a globally emerging Gram-negative bacillus that is widely spread in environment and hospital equipment. Recently, the incidence of infections caused by this organism has increased, particularly in patients with hematological malignancy and in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) having neutropenia, mucositis, diarrhea, central venous catheters or graft versus host disease and receiving intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy, or broad-spectrum antibiotics. The spectrum of infections in HSCT recipients includes pneumonia, urinary tract and surgical site infection, peritonitis, bacteremia, septic shock, and infection of indwelling medical devices. The organism exhibits intrinsic resistance to many classes of antibiotics including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, most of the third-generation cephalosporins, and other β-lactams. Despite the increasingly reported drug resistance, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is still the drug of choice. However, the organism is still susceptible to ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, tigecycline, fluoroquinolones, polymyxin-B, and rifampicin. Genetic factors play a significant role not only in evolution of drug resistance but also in virulence of the organism. The outcome of patients having S. maltophilia infections can be improved by: using various combinations of novel therapeutic agents and aerosolized aminoglycosides or colistin, prompt administration of in vitro active antibiotics, removal of possible sources of infection such as infected indwelling intravascular catheters, and application of strict infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ahmed Al-Anazi
- Section of Adult Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Betts JW, Phee LM, Woodford N, Wareham DW. Activity of colistin in combination with tigecycline or rifampicin against multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1565-72. [PMID: 24781003 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections is complicated by intrinsic multidrug resistance and a lack of reliable susceptibility data. We assessed the activity of colistin (COL), rifampicin (RIF) and tigecycline (TGC) alone and in combination using a range of in vitro susceptibility testing methodologies and a simple invertebrate model of S. maltophilia infection (Galleria mellonella). Synergy [fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) ≤0.5] between COL and either RIF or TGC was observed against 92 % and 88 % of 25 S. maltophilia isolates, respectively, despite resistance to one or another of the single agents alone. In time-kill assays, COL combined with either RIF or TGC was superior to single agents, but only the COL/RIF regimen was reliably bactericidal. The in vitro findings correlated with treatment outcomes in G. mellonella, with heightened survival observed for larvae treated with COL/RIF or COL/TGC compared with COL, RIF or TGC alone. COL combined with RIF was the most effective combination overall in both in vitro and in vivo (p < 0.05) assays. Given the difficulty in selecting appropriate therapy for S. maltophilia infections, regimens consisting of COL combined with RIF or TGC could be considered for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Betts
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, Blizard Building, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
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