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Hamzehnejadi M, Tavakoli MR, Homayouni F, Jahani Z, Rezaei M, Langarizadeh MA, Forootanfar H. Prostaglandins as a Topical Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Review. Sex Med Rev 2022; 10:764-781. [PMID: 37051966 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a substantial cause of dissatisfaction among many men. This discontentment has led to the emergence of various drug treatment options for this problem. OBJECTIVES Unfortunately, due to various interactions, contraindications, and side effects, systemic therapies such as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (including sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, avanafil, etc.) are not welcomed in many patients. These problems have led researchers to look for other ways to reduce these complications. METHODS This article holistically reviews the efficacy of topical prostaglandins and their role in treating ED. We sought to provide a comprehensive overview of recent findings on the current topic by using the extensive literature search to identify the latest scientific reports on the topic. RESULTS In this regard, topical and transdermal treatments can be suitable alternatives. In diverse studies, prostaglandins, remarkably PGE1 (also known as alprostadil), have been suggested to be an acceptable candidate for topical treatment. CONCLUSION Numerous formulations of PGE1 have been used to treat patients so far. Still, in general, with the evolution of classical formulation methods toward modern techniques (such as using nanocarriers and skin permeability enhancers), the probability of treatment success also increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsadegh Hamzehnejadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Homayouni
- Student Research Committee Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jahani
- Student Research Committee Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Faculty of Medicine Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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A Review on Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors as a Topical Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2022; 10:376-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yamagiwa Y, Kurata M, Satoh H. Histological Features of the Nasal Passage in Juvenile Japanese White Rabbits. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:218-231. [PMID: 34989261 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211068797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits are sometimes used for intranasal toxicology studies. We investigated the postnatal development of the nasal passage in juvenile Japanese white rabbits from just after birth to 6-week-old to provide information for conducting intranasal toxicological evaluation using juvenile animals. On postnatal day (PND) 1, the nasal passage consisted of the septum with mostly cartilaginous nasal wall and turbinates. The lining squamous, transitional, respiratory, and olfactory epithelia were already distributed similar to adults and were still underdeveloped. The nasal passage gradually expanded with age, as did the nasal wall, including the turbinates formed by endochondral ossification. The maxilloturbinate elongated, during which it branched complexly. The respiratory epithelium takes the form of columnar epithelium together with a reduction in goblet cells. In addition, the olfactory epithelium had clear cytoplasm in the ethmoturbinate, the olfactory nerve bundles thickened, and Bowman's gland acini increased in size and number. Other tissues, including the vomeronasal organ, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, and nasolacrimal duct, also developed histologically with age. This investigation characterized the postnatal histological development of the nasal passage in Japanese white rabbits, providing basic knowledge regarding the histological examination and rationale for appropriate study design of intranasal toxicology studies in juvenile rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamagiwa
- Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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Ouranidis A, Tsiaxerli A, Vardaka E, Markopoulou CK, Zacharis CK, Nicolaou I, Hatzichristou D, Haidich AB, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kachrimanis K. Sildenafil 4.0-Integrated Synthetic Chemistry, Formulation and Analytical Strategies Effecting Immense Therapeutic and Societal Impact in the Fourth Industrial Era. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:365. [PMID: 33920975 PMCID: PMC8071249 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a potent selective, reversible inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whilst twenty years have passed since its original approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), sildenafil enters the fourth industrial era catalyzing the treatment advances against erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. The plethora of detailed clinical data accumulated and the two sildenafil analogues marketed, namely tadalafil and vardenafil, signify the relevant therapeutic and commercial achievements. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of the drug appears complex, interdependent and of critical importance whereas the treatment of special population cohorts is considered. The diversity of the available formulation strategies and their compatible administration routes, extend from tablets to bolus suspensions and from per os to intravenous, respectively, inheriting the associated strengths and weaknesses. In this comprehensive review, we attempt to elucidate the multi-disciplinary elements spanning the knowledge fields of chemical synthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacology, clinical applications, biopharmaceutical profile, formulation approaches for different routes of administration and analytical strategies, currently employed to guide the development of sildenafil-based compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisavet Vardaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Catherine K. Markopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Hatzichristou
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
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High efficacy, rapid onset nanobiolosomes of sildenafil as a topical therapy for erectile dysfunction in aged rats. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119978. [PMID: 33122159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Developing topical sildenafil for local treatment of erectile dysfunction has been of great interest in pharmaceutical research. Sildenafil citrate (SC) exhibited a well-documented success for treatment of several types of erectile dysfunction. However, its oral use is limited by serious adverse effects, poor bioavailability, delayed onset, and drug-drug interactions. This work is the first to design and assess sildenafil-loaded bilosomes for topical local treatment of erectile dysfunction. Different sildenafil-loaded bilosomes were prepared and characterized. Permeability of selected formulations was conducted through full-thickness human skin. Optimized bilosomes integrating sodium tauroglycocholate (STGC) showed spherical shape with good particle size (133 nm), high zeta potential (-53.6 mV) and high entrapment efficiency (87.45%). Ex-vivo permeability study revealed that about 39% of the applied dose permeated within 15 min. Furthermore, in-vivo appraisal of therapeutic efficacy was performed using aged male Sprague-Dawley rats. After single application of 2 mg/kg sildenafil loaded in STGC-bilosomes, behavioral and biochemical evaluation was carried out. Behavioral assessment recorded an increased rats' potency manifested as 2 folds increase in intromission frequency and intromission ratio compared to untreated group. That was accompanied by significant increase in cGMP concentration in corpora cavernosa (P < 0.0001) confirming increased potency. In conclusion, STGC-bilosomes could provide topical treatment of impotence with 20% of the oral dose and fast onset of action (10 min).
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Atipairin A, Chunhachaichana C, Nakpheng T, Changsan N, Srichana T, Sawatdee S. Development of a Sildenafil Citrate Microemulsion-Loaded Hydrogel as a Potential System for Drug Delivery to the Penis and Its Cellular Metabolic Mechanism. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111055. [PMID: 33158184 PMCID: PMC7694282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate is used to treat mild to moderate erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. However, it has low oral bioavailability, numerous adverse effects, and delayed onset of action. These problems may be resolved by transdermal delivery to the penis. Hence, sildenafil citrate was formulated as a microemulsion system using isopropyl myristate, Tween 80, PEG400, and water (30:20:40:10). The hydrogel used in the microemulsion was 2% w/w poloxamer 188. The sildenafil microemulsion-loaded hydrogels were characterised for their appearance, particle size, pH, spreadability, swelling index, viscosity, sildenafil drug content, membrane permeation, epithelial cell cytotoxicity, and in vitro drug metabolism. The optimised formulated microemulsion showed the lowest droplet size and highest solubility of sildenafil citrate. The in vitro skin permeation of the sildenafil citrate microemulsion-loaded hydrogel was significantly higher than that of the sildenafil suspension, with a 1.97-fold enhancement ratio. The formulated microemulsion exhibited a 100% cell viability, indicating its safety for skin epithelial cells. The major metabolic pathway of sildenafil citrate loaded in the microemulsion formulation was hydroxylation. Furthermore, loading sildenafil in the microemulsion reduced the drug metabolite by approximately 50% compared to the sildenafil in aqueous suspension. The sildenafil citrate-loaded isopropyl myristate-based microemulsion hydrogels were physically and chemically stable over 6 months of storage. The sildenafil citrate microemulsion-loaded hydrogel showed in vitro results suitable for used as a transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichart Atipairin
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Charisopon Chunhachaichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Narumon Changsan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumtani 12000, Thailand;
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-7567-2818; Fax: +66-7567-2814
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Elbardisy B, Galal S, Abdelmonsif DA, Boraie N. Intranasal Tadalafil nanoemulsions: formulation, characterization and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:1083-1094. [PMID: 31215307 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1631846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at improving the bioavailability of a poorly soluble phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; tadalafil (TD) via developing intranasal (IN) nanoemulsions (NEs). Optimum NE ingredients were selected based on solubility studies, emulsification tests, and phase diagram construction. Both o/w and w/o NEs were selected based on their drug loading capacity. Optimum formulations were subjected to physicochemical characterization and were assessed for nasal toxicity through biochemical analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and caspase-3 in rat nasal tissues. Pharmacodynamic study was performed via biochemical analysis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in rat penis 2-h post-treatment and compared with oral suspension of Cialis® tablets. Optimum o/w and w/o NEs were successfully prepared using different ratios of Capmul-MCM-EP, Labrasol:Transcutol-HP (1:1) and water. Optimized formulations exhibited more than 4000-fold increase in TD solubility compared with its aqueous solubility. Both formulations were optically isotropic with the majority of globules in the nanometric-size range. Nasal toxicity study revealed no significant difference in values of TNF-α and caspase-3 between the NE-treated groups and the control group. Both TD-NEs succeeded to achieve a significant enhancement in cGMP levels. Our findings suggested that IN administration of the developed TD-NEs could provide a safe and effective alternative to TD oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassant Elbardisy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Sally Galal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Nabila Boraie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt
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Ramreddy S, Janapareddi K. Brain targeting of chitosan-based diazepam mucoadhesive microemulsions via nasal route: formulation optimization, characterization, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:147-158. [PMID: 30230386 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1526186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of present investigation was to develop microemulsions (MEs) and mucoadhesive microemulsions (MME) of diazepam for brain uptake through nasal administration for the treatment of seizure emergency. SIGNIFICANCE Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency, requires intravenous administration of diazepam which requires hospitalization of patient. Initiation of therapy at home via nasal administration of diazepam could prevent the damage of brain due to delay of therapy initiation. METHODS Diazepam MEs were prepared by phase titration method, optimized by using Box-Behnken design. The influence of independent variables oleic acid, surfactant mixture (tween 80:propylene glycol), and water on dependent variables size, flux, and zeta potential was investigated. Optimized MEs, MMEs, and Calmpose (i.v route) were evaluated for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on rats. RESULTS MME2 composed of oleic acid (5), surfactant mixture (50), water (45), and chitosan (0.5) showed size of 96.45 nm, PDI 0.21 and zeta potential 13.52 mV. MME2 showed significantly high flux of 846.96 ± 34 µg/cm2/h and AUCbrain 1206.49 ± 145.8. The drug targeting efficiency (314%) and direct nose-to-brain transport (68.1%) of MME2 were significantly high compared to Calmpose (i.v) and ME. The latency periods of minimal clonal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures of MME2 was significantly increased (p < 0.0001) compared to drug solution and Calmpose (i.v). CONCLUSION The brain uptake of diazepam from chitosan-based MMEs via nasal route is significantly high compared to i.v route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Ramreddy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kakatiya University , Warangal , T.S , India
| | - Krishnaveni Janapareddi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kakatiya University , Warangal , T.S , India
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Dolberg AM, Reichl S. Activity of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins 1-5 (MRP1-5) in the RPMI 2650 Cell Line and Explants of Human Nasal Turbinate. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1577-1590. [PMID: 28291371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The profound influence of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters on the disposition of numerous drugs has led to increased interest in characterizing their expression profiles in various epithelial and endothelial barriers. The present work examined the presence and functional activity of five ABC efflux proteins, i.e., MRP 1-5, in freshly isolated human nasal epithelial cells and two in vitro models based on the human RPMI 2650 cell line. To evaluate the expression patterns of MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, and MRP5 at the mRNA and protein levels in the ex vivo model and the differently cultured RPMI 2650 cells, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and indirect immunofluorescence staining were used. The functionality of the MRP transporters in the three models was assessed using efflux experiments and accumulation assays with the respective substrates and inhibitors. The mRNA and protein expression of all selected ABC transporters was detected in excised human nasal mucosa as well as in the corresponding cell culture models. Moreover, the functional expression of the MRP transport proteins was demonstrated in the three models for the first time. Therefore, the potential impact of multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1-5 on drug disposition after intranasal administration may be taken into consideration for future developments. The specimens of human nasal turbinate exhibited slightly lower efflux capacities of MRP1, MRP3, and MRP5 in relation to the submerged and ALI-cultured RPMI 2650 cells, but showed a promising comparability to both in vitro models concerning the activity of MRP2 and MRP4. In this regard, the different RPMI 2650 cell culture models will be able to provide useful experimental data in the preclinical phase to estimate the interaction of particular efflux transporters with drug candidates for nasal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Dolberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig 38106, Germany.,Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig 38106, Germany
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Tanaka A, Furubayashi T, Yamasaki H, Takano K, Kawakami M, Kimura S, Inoue D, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. The Enhancement of Nasal Drug Absorption From Powder Formulations by the Addition of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2017; 15:798-803. [PMID: 28060709 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2612682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For nasal drug absorption, powder formulations can be expected to provide many advantages. The first aim of this study was to examine drug absorption following nasal administration of powder formulations in rats. Pharmaceutical excipients are typically added to most powder formulations. The second aim was to investigate the change in nasal drug absorption of powder formulations in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). Model drugs used were norfloxacin (NFX), warfarin (WF), and piroxicam (PXC). The absorption from bulk powders is different from that of solutions. The absorption of PXC and WF from powder formulations was enhanced compared to those of the other solutions, while that of NFX, which has a low solubility, was decreased, suggesting that the nasal absorption of many drugs, except poorly soluble drugs, is enhanced when they are administered as powder formulations. CMC-Na enhanced the absorption of NFX and PXC. The presence of CMC-Na slightly decreased the absorption of WF. In vitro transepithelial transport from the powder formulation was not affected by the presence of CMC-Na. Furthermore, the nasal retention of the powder formulation was significantly increased in the presence of CMC-Na. In conclusion, the nasal absorption of many drugs, except those that are poorly soluble, can be increased by administering them as a powder formulation and the nasal absorption of the formulation is enhanced further in the presence of CMC-Na.
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Tanaka A, Furubayashi T, Matsushita A, Inoue D, Kimura S, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Nasal Absorption of Macromolecules from Powder Formulations and Effects of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Their Absorption. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159150. [PMID: 27598527 PMCID: PMC5012702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal absorption of macromolecules from powder formulations and the effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) as a pharmaceutical excipient on their absorption were studied. Model macromolecules were fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (average molecular weight of 4.4kDa, FD4) and insulin. The plasma concentration of FD4 after application of the powder containing 50% starch (control) was higher than that after application of the solution, and the absorption from 50% starch powder was enhanced by the substitution of starch with CMC-Na. The fractional absorption of FD4 after administration of the CMC-Na powder formulation was 30% and 40% higher than that after administration from the solution and the starch powder, respectively. The nasal absorption of insulin from the powder and the effect of CMC-Na were similar with those of FD4. The effective absorption of FD4 and insulin after application of powder with CMC-Na could be due to the increase in the nasal residence of FD4 and insulin. No damage in the nasal mucosa or dysfunction of the mucociliary clearance was observed after application of the drug powder and CMC-Na. The present findings indicate that nasal delivery of powder formulations with the addition of CMC-Na as an excipient is a promising approach for improving the nasal absorption of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607–8414, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishikawara, Kita, Okayama 703–8516, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsushita
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607–8414, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishikawara, Kita, Okayama 703–8516, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0395, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607–8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607–8414, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658–8558, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607–8414, Japan
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Rapid-Onset Sildenafil Sublingual Drug Delivery Systems: In Vitro Evaluation and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rabbits. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2774-2781. [PMID: 26987948 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare sublingual delivery systems for sildenafil and evaluate its relative bioavailability after sublingual administration in rabbits to attain a rapid onset of action with good efficacy at lower doses. For sublingual application, sildenafil and its citrate were formulated in 2 different dosage forms: the first was a sublingual spray consisting of sildenafil in 2 microemulsion systems, oleic acid or propylene glycol (PG), and the second was sublingual tablets prepared with various granulated sublingual sprays adsorbed onto a silicate adsorbant (Florite(®) R), binders (Cyclocel(®) or EMDEX(®)), and disintegrants (Ac-Di-Sol(®) or Kollidon(®) CL). Results showed that sublingual absorption of sildenafil spray prepared with PG was fairly rapid. At a 0.5-mg dose, the mean onset of action was 1.3 ± 0.6 min and lasted for about 1.5 h according to the pharmacokinetic studies. In vivo studies also showed that for sublingual tablets formulated with sildenafil in PG adsorbed onto Florite(®) R at a 1:1 weight ratio then mixed with Cycloel(®) and Ac-Di-Sol(®), the onset action was fast at 1.9 ± 0.4 min and lasted for about 1 h at 0.5 mg. These findings suggest the potential for the sublingual delivery of sildenafil instead of the conventional oral administration.
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Cho DY, Skinner D, Zhang S, Fortenberry J, Sorscher EJ, Dean NR, Woodworth BA. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activation by the solvent ethanol: implications for topical drug delivery. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 6:178-84. [PMID: 26869199 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride (Cl) secretion across mucosal surfaces contributes to the development of airway disease by depleting airway surface liquid, increasing mucus viscosity and adhesion, and consequently hindering mucociliary clearance. We serendipitously discovered during testing of drugs solubilized in low concentrations ethanol (0.25%, 43 mM) that the control vehicle produced robust activation of CFTR-mediated Cl(-) transport. The objective of the current study is to investigate low concentrations of ethanol for effects on Cl(-) secretion and ciliary beat frequency (CBF). METHODS Wild-type (WT) and transgenic CFTR(-/-) primary murine nasoseptal epithelial (MNSE) cultures and WT and F508del/F508del human sinonasal epithelial (HSNE) cultures were subjected to transepithelial ion transport measurements using pharmacologic manipulation in Ussing chambers. CBF activation was also monitored. Murine nasal potential difference (NPD) was measured in vivo. RESULTS Ussing chamber tracings revealed ethanol activated CFTR-mediated Cl transport in a dose-dependent fashion in WT MNSE (n = 4, p < 0.05) and HSNE (n = 4, p < 0.05). Ethanol also significantly increased CBF (fold change) in WT MNSE cultures in a dose-dependent fashion (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS], 1.33 ± 0.04; 0.25% ethanol, 1.37 ± 0.09; 0.5% ethanol, 1.53 ± 0.06 [p < 0.05]; 1% ethanol, 1.62 ± 0.1 [p < 0.05]). Lack of stimulation in CFTR(-/-) and F508del/F508del cultures indicated activity was dependent on the presence of intact functional CFTR. Ethanol perfusion (0.5%) resulted in a significant -3.5-mV mean NPD polarization when compared to control solution (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The observation that brief exposure of ethanol stimulated Cl(-) secretion via CFTR-mediated pathways indicates its possible use as topical aerosol delivered alone or in combination with other CFTR activators for diseases of dysfunctional mucociliary clearance (MCC) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Cho
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - James Fortenberry
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Eric J Sorscher
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nichole R Dean
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Bradford A Woodworth
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Acharya SP, Pundarikakshudu K, Panchal A, Lalwani A. Development of carbamazepine transnasal microemulsion for treatment of epilepsy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 3:252-9. [PMID: 25788134 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbamazepine is widely preferred therapy for the treatment of epilepsy. However, oral therapy results in slower brain uptake and systemic side effects. Intranasal route can achieve faster brain uptake, but poor aqueous solubility of carbamazepine is the main obstacle for administration by nasal route. The purpose of this study was to prepare and evaluate intranasal oil in water microemulsion of carbamazepine to improve its solubility and enhance the brain uptake. Intranasal microemulsion of carbamazepine was prepared by water titration method using oleic acid as oil, Tween 80 as surfactant and Transcutol® as cosurfactant. Microemulsions were evaluated for various physical parameters including globule size, viscosity, pH and conductivity. Toxicity study of microemulsion was carried out by employing sheep nasal mucosa. The microemulsion was also evaluated by maximal electric shock, and the brain uptake study was done using HPLC method. The microemulsion was stable and transparent with average globule size of 21.03 nm and did not show any toxic symptoms. It showed reduction in the hind limb extension phase and faster recovery from seizures in comparison to oral microemulsion and nasal solution. Higher brain/plasma ratio was obtained with nasal microemulsion in comparison to ratio obtained after intraperitoneal injection of carbamazepine solution.
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15
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Acharya SP, Pundarikakshudu K, Panchal A, Lalwani A. Preparation and evaluation of transnasal microemulsion of carbamazepine. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Cho HJ, Ku WS, Termsarasab U, Yoon I, Chung CW, Moon HT, Kim DD. Development of udenafil-loaded microemulsions for intranasal delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:153-60. [PMID: 22209996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To achieve rapid onset of action and improved bioavailability of udenafil, a microemulsion system was developed for its intranasal delivery. Phase behavior, particle size, transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, and the drug solubilization capacity of the microemulsion were investigated. A single isotropic region was found in pseudo-ternary phase diagrams developed at various ratios with CapMul MCM L8 as an oil, Labrasol as a surfactant, and Transcutol or its mixture with ethanol (1:0.25, v/v) as a cosurfactant. Optimized microemulsion formulations with a mean diameter of 120-154 nm achieved enhanced solubility of udenafil (>10mg/ml) compared with its aqueous solubility (0.02 mg/ml). An in vitro permeation study was performed in human nasal epithelial (HNE) cell monolayers cultured by the air-liquid interface (ALI) method, and the permeated amounts of udenafil increased up to 3.41-fold versus that of pure udenafil. According to the results of an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats, intranasal administration of udenafil-loaded microemulsion had a shorter T(max) value (1 min) compared with oral administration and improved bioavailability (85.71%) compared with oral and intranasal (solution) administration. The microemulsion system developed for intranasal administration may be a promising delivery system of udenafil, with a rapid onset of action and improved bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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