Identification of a novel, non-tetrahydroquinoline variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor torcetrapib, with improved aqueous solubility

Optimizing the Benefit/Risk of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors through Liver Targeting

Preclinical and clinical data suggest that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors have the potential to rebalance disordered lipid metabolism, leading to improvements in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Consistent with these observations, first-in-human clinical trials with our ACC inhibitor PF-05175157 led to robust reduction of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), albeit with concomitant reductions in platelet count, which were attributed to the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis within bone marrow. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxylic acid-based ACC inhibitors with organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrate properties, which facilitated selective distribution of the compounds at the therapeutic site of action (liver) relative to the periphery. These efforts led to the discovery of clinical candidate PF-05221304 (12), which selectively inhibits liver DNL in animals, while demonstrating considerable safety margins against platelet reduction in a nonhuman primate model.

Potential Inhibitors of the Activity of the Cholesterol-Ester Transfer Protein

The cholesterol-ester transfer protein (CETP) exchanges lipids between high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The excessive transport of lipids from HDLs to LDLs mediated by this protein can cause an alteration in the deposition of lipoproteins onto the arterial walls, thus promoting the development of arteriosclerosis. Different CETP inhibitors have been tested in recent years, but none has been confirmed as being effectively palliative for the disease. We employed in silico databases and molecular docking as a computational method to predict how potential CETP inhibitors could interact with the active site of the CETP protein. Upon previously comparing two computer software packages to determine which generated a greater number of accurate CETP-inhibitor-complex structures, we chose the more appropriate program for our studies. We then abstracted a series of databases of known CETP inhibitors and noninhibitors exhibiting different 50% concentrations of CETP-inhibitory (INH) activity, to generate virtual structures for docking with different combinations of the CETP receptor. From this process, we obtained as the most suitable structure 4F2A_1OB_C_PCW-it accordingly having a greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The molecular docking of known compounds in comparison with the respective conformation of this inhibitor enabled us to obtain ΔGs (in kcal/mol) from which data we made a first exploration of unknown compounds for CETP-INH activity. Thus, the 4F2A_1OB_C_PCW structure was docked with DrugBank-Approved commercial compounds in an extensive database, whose status had already been established from pharmacokinetics and toxicology. In this study, we present a group of potential compounds as CETP-inhibitor candidates.