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Pinto SL, Janiak MC, Dutyschaever G, Barros MAS, Chavarria AG, Martin MP, Tuh FYY, Valverde CS, Sims LM, Barclay RMR, Wells K, Dominy NJ, Pessoa DMA, Carrigan MA, Melin AD. Diet and the evolution of ADH7 across seven orders of mammals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230451. [PMID: 37448478 PMCID: PMC10336374 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary variation within and across species drives the eco-evolutionary responsiveness of genes necessary to metabolize nutrients and other components. Recent evidence from humans and other mammals suggests that sugar-rich diets of floral nectar and ripe fruit have favoured mutations in, and functional preservation of, the ADH7 gene, which encodes the ADH class 4 enzyme responsible for metabolizing ethanol. Here we interrogate a large, comparative dataset of ADH7 gene sequence variation, including that underlying the amino acid residue located at the key site (294) that regulates the affinity of ADH7 for ethanol. Our analyses span 171 mammal species, including 59 newly sequenced. We report extensive variation, especially among frugivorous and nectarivorous bats, with potential for functional impact. We also report widespread variation in the retention and probable pseudogenization of ADH7. However, we find little statistical evidence of an overarching impact of dietary behaviour on putative ADH7 function or presence of derived alleles at site 294 across mammals, which suggests that the evolution of ADH7 is shaped by complex factors. Our study reports extensive new diversity in a gene of longstanding ecological interest, offers new sources of variation to be explored in functional assays in future study, and advances our understanding of the processes of molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swellan L Pinto
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mareike C Janiak
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gwen Dutyschaever
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Marília A S Barros
- BE Bioinsight & Ecoa, Nilo Peçanha 730, conj. 505, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Pia Martin
- Kids Saving the Rainforest Wildlife Rescue Center, 60601 Quepos, Costa Rica
| | - Fred Y Y Tuh
- Sabah Parks, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Lisa M Sims
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Robert M R Barclay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Konstans Wells
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | - Daniel M A Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Matthew A Carrigan
- BioTork, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, College of Central Florida, Ocala, FL, USA
| | - Amanda D Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Heier C, Xie H, Zimmermann R. Nonoxidative ethanol metabolism in humans-from biomarkers to bioactive lipids. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:916-923. [PMID: 27714979 PMCID: PMC5324703 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is a widely used psychoactive drug whose chronic abuse is associated with organ dysfunction and disease. Although the prevalent metabolic fate of ethanol in the human body is oxidation a smaller fraction undergoes nonoxidative metabolism yielding ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, phosphatidylethanol and fatty acid ethyl esters. Nonoxidative ethanol metabolites persist in tissues and body fluids for much longer than ethanol itself and represent biomarkers for the assessment of ethanol intake in clinical and forensic settings. Of note, the nonoxidative reaction of ethanol with phospholipids and fatty acids yields bioactive compounds that affect cellular signaling pathways and organelle function and may contribute to ethanol toxicity. Thus, despite low quantitative contributions of nonoxidative pathways to overall ethanol metabolism the resultant ethanol metabolites have important biological implications. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about the enzymatic formation of nonoxidative ethanol metabolites in humans and discuss the implications of nonoxidative ethanol metabolites as biomarkers of ethanol intake and mediators of ethanol toxicity. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(12):916-923, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of GrazAustria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of GrazAustria
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Sun H, Zhou X, Zhang X, Wu B. Decreased Expression of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) Leads to Reduced Glucuronidation of Flavonoids in UGT1A1-Overexpressing HeLa Cells: The Role of Futile Recycling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6001-6008. [PMID: 26066637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of futile recycling (or deglucuronidation) in the disposition of two flavonoids (i.e., genistein and apigenin) was explored using UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells (or HeLa1A1 cells). Glucuronidation of the flavonoids by HeLa1A1 cell lysate followed the substrate inhibition kinetics (Vmax = 0.10 nmol/min/mg, Km = 0.54 μM, and Ksi = 2.0 μM for genistein; Vmax = 0.19 nmol/min/mg, Km = 0.56 μM, and Ksi = 3.7 μM for apigenin). Glucuronide was efficiently generated and excreted after incubation of the cells with the aglycone (at doses of 1.25-20 nmol). The excretion rates were 0.40-0.69 and 0.84-1.1 nmol/min/mg protein for genistein glucuronide (GG) and apigenin glucuronide (AG), respectively. Furthermore, glucuronide excretion and total glucuronidation were significantly reduced in MRP4 knocked-down as compared to control cells. The alterations were well characterized by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model incorporating the process of futile recycling (defined by a first-order rate constant, Kde). The derived Kde values were 15 and 25 h(-1) for GG and AG, respectively. This was well consistent with the in vitro observation that AG was subjected to more efficient futile recycling compared to GG. In conclusion, futile recycling was involved in cellular glucuronidation, accounting for transporter-dependent glucuronidation of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Sun H, Ma Z, Lu D, Wu B. Regio- and Isoform-Specific Glucuronidation of Psoralidin: Evaluation of 3- O -Glucuronidation as a Functional Marker for UGT1A9. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2369-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang X, Dong D, Wang H, Ma Z, Wang Y, Wu B. Stable knock-down of efflux transporters leads to reduced glucuronidation in UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells: the evidence for glucuronidation-transport interplay. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1268-78. [PMID: 25741749 DOI: 10.1021/mp5008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efflux of glucuronide is facilitated by the membrane transporters including BCRP and MRPs. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of transporter expression on glucuronide efflux and cellular glucuronidation. Single efflux transporter (i.e., BCRP, MRP1, MRP3, or MRP4) was stably knocked-down in UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells. Knock-down of transporters was performed by stable transfection of short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) using lentiviral vectors. Glucuronidation and glucuronide transport in the cells were characterized using three different aglycones (i.e., genistein, apigenin, and emodin) with distinct metabolic activities. BCRP knock-down resulted in significant reductions in excretion of glucuronides (42.9% for genistein glucuronide (GG), 21.1% for apigenin glucuronide (AG) , and 33.7% for emodin glucuronide (EG); p < 0.01) and in cellular glucuronidation (38.3% for genistein, 38.6% for apigenin, and 34.7% for emodin; p < 0.01). Knock-down of a MRP transporter led to substantial decreases in excretion of GG (32.3% for MRP1, 36.7% for MRP3, and 36.6% for MRP4; p < 0.01) and AG (59.3% for MRP1, 24.7% for MRP3, and 34.1% for MRP4; p < 0.01). Also, cellular glucuronidation of genistein (38.3% for MRP1, 32.3% for MRP3, and 31.1% for MRP4; p < 0.01) and apigenin (40.6% for MRP1, 32.4% for MRP3, and 34.6% for MRP4; p < 0.001) was markedly suppressed. By contrast, silencing of MRPs did not cause any changes in either excretion of EG or cellular glucuronidation of emodin. In conclusion, cellular glucuronidation was significantly altered by decreasing expression of efflux transporters, revealing a strong interplay of glucuronidation with efflux transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhang
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and ‡Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Huailing Wang
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and ‡Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and ‡Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Baojian Wu
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and ‡Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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