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Andreev-Andrievskiy AA, Lagereva EA, Pankova NV, Mashkin MA, Manskikh VN, Frolova OY, Fadeeva OV, Telyatnikova EV. Chronic bladder catheterization for precise urine collection in awake mice. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 113:107128. [PMID: 34678429 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic chambers are routinely used for urine collection in rodents. In mice, due to small urination volume, evaporation in the metabolic chambers (≈50%) distorts diuresis and urinalysis parameters. We have developed a new technique of bladder catheterization enabling long-term accurate and contamination-free urine collection in awake male and female mice for 30 days or longer. Daily diuresis in catheterized mice was twice higher as compared to metabolic cages. The twofold difference in urine recovery was preserved when the circadian variation of diuresis, the effects of furosemide, desmopressin and water load were estimated using the two techniques. Urine osmolarity, urinalysis, and microbiological parameters evidence higher quality of the catheter-collected urine. Using phenol red, we demonstrate utility of our technique for pharmacokinetic studies. 30 days after the surgery the catheters were patent and had minimal impact on the animals' heath. Bladder catheterization is a useful tool for physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Andreev-Andrievskiy
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, 119991 Moscow, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Russia; Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia.
| | - Evgeniya A Lagereva
- Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Nadezda V Pankova
- Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Mashkin
- Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Vasily N Manskikh
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia; A.N. Belozerskiy Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, 1-40 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Frolova
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Olga V Fadeeva
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
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Nassar AF, Wisnewski AV, Wu T, Lam TT, King I. Development and Validation of LC-MS-MS Assay for the Determination of the Emerging Alkylating Agent Laromustine and Its Active Metabolite in Human Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:195-203. [PMID: 30395213 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate a method for the determination of laromustine (VNP40101M) and short-lived its active metabolite (VNP4090CE) that has a half-life in human blood of <90 s in human plasma by liquid chromatography (LC) with tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection. We overcome the stability dilemma by acidified the human plasma with citric acid. Laromustine "breaks" down on the source of mass spectrometry to give m/z 249 which is the same m/z for VNP4090CE. Because VNP4090CE and laromustine elute at approximate retention time of 1.93 and 2.94 min, respectively, we were able to quantify both of them in one method. VNP40101M, VNP4090CE and the internal standards were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction into ethyl ether. The ethyl ether layer was evaporated, reconstituted and analyzed using LC with MS/MS detection. Validation parameters such as selectivity, limit of quantitation, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, autosampler viability, freeze-thaw cycles and compounds stability are evaluated for this method. Results were calculated using peak area ratios, and calibration curves were generated using a weighted (1/x2) linear least-squares regression. Calibration curves for VNP40101M and VNP4090CE in human plasma ranged from 1.00 to 1,000 ng/mL. In this study, both intra- and inter-assay results demonstrated a relative standard deviation for calibration standards (inter-assay) and quality control samples (intra- and inter-assay) to be ≤15.0%. In this method, there is ~1.79% isotopic interference of VNP40101M to VNP40101M-IS, and ~3.76% isotopic interference of VNP4090CE to VNP4090CE-IS. It was concluded that there was no significant carryover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala F Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Chemistry, 55 N. Eagleville Rd., University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Adam V Wisnewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Terence Wu
- West Campus Analytical Core, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tukiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale-Keck MS and Proteomics Resource, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ivan King
- Metastagen, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA
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Nassar AF, Wisnewski AV, King I. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of laromustine, an emerging alkylating agent, in cancer patients. Xenobiotica 2017; 47:394-407. [PMID: 27440490 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1201703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
1. Alkylating agents are capable of introducing an alkyl group into nucleophilic sites on DNA or RNA through covalent bond. Laromustine is an active member of a relatively new class of sulfonylhydrazine prodrugs under development as antineoplastic alkylating agents, and displays significant single-agent activity. 2. This is the first report of the population pharmacokinetic analysis of laromustine, 106 patients, 66 with hematologic malignancies and 40 with solid tumors, participated in five clinical trials worldwide. Of these, 104 patients were included in the final NONMEM analysis. 3. The population estimates for total clearance (CL) and volume of distribution of the central compartment (V1) were 96.3 L/h and 45.9 L, associated with high inter-patient variability of 52.9% and 79.8% and inter-occasion variability of 26.7% and 49.3%, respectively. The population estimates for Q and V2 were 73.2 L/h and 29.9 L, and inter-patient variability in V2 was 63.1%, respectively. 4. The estimate of Vss (75.8 L) exceeds total body water, indicating that laromustine is distributed to tissues. The half-life is short, less than 1 h, reflecting rapid clearance. Population PK analysis showed laromustine pharmacokinetics to be independent of dose and organ function with no effect on subsequent dosing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala F Nassar
- a School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA , and
| | - Adam V Wisnewski
- a School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Ivan King
- c Metastagen Inc , Wilmington , DE , USA
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