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Fahmy SA, Elghanam R, Rashid G, Youness RA, Sedky NK. Emerging tendencies for the nano-delivery of gambogic acid: a promising approach in oncotherapy. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4666-4691. [PMID: 38318629 PMCID: PMC10840092 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancements in cancer therapies during the past few years, chemo/photo resistance, severe toxic effects, recurrence of metastatic tumors, and non-selective targeting remain incomprehensible. Thus, much effort has been spent exploring natural anticancer compounds endowed with biosafety and high effectiveness in cancer prevention and therapy. Gambogic acid (GA) is a promising natural compound in cancer therapy. It is the major xanthone component of the dry resin extracted from the Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f. tree. GA has significant antiproliferative effects on different types of cancer, and it exerts its anticancer activities through various pathways. Nonetheless, the clinical translation of GA has been hampered, partly due to its water insolubility, low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetics, rapid plasma clearance, early degradation in blood circulation, and detrimental vascular irritation. Lately, procedures have been invented demonstrating the ability of nanoparticles to overcome the challenges associated with the clinical use of natural compounds both in vitro and in vivo. This review sheds light on the recent emerging trends for the nanodelivery of GA to cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, no similar recent review described the different nanoformulations designed to improve the anticancer therapeutic activity and targeting ability of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation R5 New Garden City, New Capital Cairo 11835 Egypt +20 1222613344
| | - Rawan Elghanam
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74 New Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Amity Medical School, Amity University Gurugram Haryana 122413 India
| | - Rana A Youness
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU) Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Nada K Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital Cairo Egypt
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2
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Hatami E, Nagesh PKB, Chauhan N, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. In Situ Nanoparticle Self-Assembly for Combination Delivery of Therapeutics to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1104-1119. [PMID: 35179871 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy often experiences several challenges including severe systemic toxicity and adverse effects. The combination chemotherapy arose as an effective clinical practice aimed at reducing doses of drugs to achieve synergistic actions with low toxicity. Our recent efforts demonstrated a synergistic therapeutic benefit of gambogic acid (GA) and gemcitabine (Gem) against lung cancer. However, simultaneous delivery of these two drugs at the tumor site is highly challenging. Therefore, the development of an injectable formulation that can effectively deliver both hydrophobic (GA) and hydrophilic (Gem) drugs in one formulation is a clinically unmet need. Herein, this study reports an in situ human serum albumin (HSA)- and tannic acid (TA)-mediated complexed GA and Gem nanoparticles (G-G@HTA NPs). G-G@HTA NP formation was confirmed by the particle size, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The superior therapeutic activity of G-G@HTA NPs was demonstrated by multiple in vitro functional assays. Additionally, G-G@HTA NPs revealed an obvious and precise targeting of tumors in vivo. The promoted and more synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of G-G@HTA NPs was attained than that of combined treatments and single drug treatments. These events have resulted in no apparent systemic and organ toxicities. Together, this study suggests that in situ HSA-TA-based combinatorial treatment strategy is a suitable approach for application in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States.,Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
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3
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Qian Y, Markowitz JS. Natural Products as Modulators of CES1 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:993-1007. [PMID: 32591414 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) 1 is the predominant esterase expressed in the human liver and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of a wide range of therapeutic agents, toxins, and endogenous compounds. Accumulating studies have demonstrated associations between the expression and activity of CES1 and the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of CES1 substrate medications (e.g., methylphenidate, clopidogrel, oseltamivir). Therefore, any perturbation of CES1 by coingested xenobiotics could potentially compromise treatment. Natural products are known to alter drug disposition by modulating cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, but this issue is less thoroughly explored with CES1. We report the results of a systematic literature search and discuss natural products as potential modulators of CES1 activity. The majority of research reports reviewed were in vitro investigations that require further confirmation through clinical study. Cannabis products (Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol); supplements from various plant sources containing naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, oleanolic acid, and asiatic acid; and certain traditional medicines (danshen and zhizhuwan) appear to pose the highest inhibition potential. In addition, ursolic acid, gambogic acid, and glycyrrhetic acid, if delivered intravenously, may attain high enough systemic concentrations to significantly inhibit CES1. The provision of a translational interpretation of in vitro assessments of natural product actions and interactions is limited by the dearth of basic pharmacokinetic data of the natural compounds exhibiting potent in vitro influences on CES1 activity. This is a major impediment to assigning even potential clinical significance. The modulatory effects on CES1 expression after chronic exposure to natural products warrants further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Modulation of CES1 activity by natural products may alter the course of treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have summarized the natural products that can potentially interact with CES1 substrate medications. We have also noted the limitations of existing reports and outlined challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Qian
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Liu SY, Qu RY, Li RR, Yan YC, Sun Y, Yang WC, Yang GF. An Activity-Based Fluorogenic Probe Enables Cellular and in Vivo Profiling of Carboxylesterase Isozymes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9205-9213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 30071, P.R. China
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Hatami E, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Gambogic acid: A shining natural compound to nanomedicine for cancer therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188381. [PMID: 32492470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration has permitted number of therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Most of them are expensive and have some degree of systemic toxicity which makes overbearing in clinical settings. Although advanced research continuously applied in cancer therapeutics, but drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence remain unanswerable. These accounts to an urgent clinical need to discover natural compounds with precisely safe and highly efficient for the cancer prevention and cancer therapy. Gambogic acid (GA) is the principle bioactive and caged xanthone component, a brownish gamboge resin secreted from the of Garcinia hanburyi tree. This molecule showed a spectrum of biological and clinical benefits against various cancers. In this review, we document distinct biological characteristics of GA as a novel anti-cancer agent. This review also delineates specific molecular mechanism(s) of GA that are involved in anti-cancer, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, and chemo-/radiation sensitizer activities. Furthermore, recent evidence, development, and implementation of various nanoformulations of gambogic acid (nanomedicine) have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.
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Human carboxylesterases: a comprehensive review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:699-712. [PMID: 30245959 PMCID: PMC6146386 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases (CEs) are key enzymes from the serine hydrolase superfamily. In the human body, two predominant carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) have been identified and extensively studied over the past decade. These two enzymes play crucial roles in the metabolism of a wide variety of endogenous esters, ester-containing drugs and environmental toxicants. The key roles of CES in both human health and xenobiotic metabolism arouse great interest in the discovery of potent CES modulators to regulate endobiotic metabolism or to improve the efficacy of ester drugs. This review covers the structural and catalytic features of CES, tissue distributions, biological functions, genetic polymorphisms, substrate specificities and inhibitor properties of CES1 and CES2, as well as the significance and recent progress on the discovery of CES modulators. The information presented here will help pharmacologists explore the relevance of CES to human diseases or to assign the contribution of certain CES in xenobiotic metabolism. It will also facilitate medicinal chemistry efforts to design prodrugs activated by a given CES isoform, or to develop potent and selective modulators of CES for potential biomedical applications.
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Sa S, Gu M, Chappell J, Shao NY, Ameen M, Elliott KAT, Li D, Grubert F, Li CG, Taylor S, Cao A, Ma Y, Fong R, Nguyen L, Wu JC, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Reveals Novel Gene Expression and Patient Specificity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:930-941. [PMID: 27779452 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1200oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by loss and obliteration of lung vasculature. Endothelial cell dysfunction is pivotal to the pathophysiology, but different causal mechanisms may reflect a need for patient-tailored therapies. OBJECTIVES Endothelial cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells were compared with pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from the same patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension, to determine whether they shared functional abnormalities and altered gene expression patterns that differed from those in unused donor cells. We then investigated whether endothelial cells differentiated from pluripotent cells could serve as surrogates to test emerging therapies. METHODS Functional changes assessed included adhesion, migration, tube formation, and propensity to apoptosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and its target, collagen IV, signaling of the phosphorylated form of the mothers against decapentaplegic proteins (pSMAD1/5), and transcriptomic profiles were also analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Native pulmonary arterial and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells from patients with idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension compared with control subjects showed a similar reduction in adhesion, migration, survival, and tube formation, and decreased BMPR2 and downstream signaling and collagen IV expression. Transcriptomic profiling revealed high kisspeptin 1 (KISS1) related to reduced migration and low carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), to impaired survival in patient cells. A beneficial angiogenic response to potential therapies, FK506 and Elafin, was related to reduced slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), an antimigratory factor. CONCLUSIONS Despite the site of disease in the lung, our study indicates that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are useful surrogates to uncover novel features related to disease mechanisms and to better match patients to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Sa
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mingxia Gu
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Ning-Yi Shao
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kathryn A T Elliott
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Dan Li
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Fabian Grubert
- 5 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Caiyun G Li
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Shalina Taylor
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Aiqin Cao
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Yu Ma
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ryan Fong
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Long Nguyen
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Joseph C Wu
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael P Snyder
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
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Gambogic Acid Induces Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits MAPK Pathway in PTEN -/-/p53 -/- Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 24:109-116. [PMID: 28578487 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of gambogic acid (GA) on the growth and cell death of castrate resistant prostate cancer (PC) with phosphate and tension homology (PTEN) and p53 genes deleted in vitro and ex vivo, and elucidate the underlying possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS PTEN-/-/p53-/- PC cells and Los Angeles prostate cancer-4 (LAPC-4) cells were treated with GA for 24 h and 48 h, then cell viability was determined by cell proliferation assay. PTEN-/-/p53-/- PC cells organoids number was calculated under GA treatment for 1 week. In addition, cell titer glo assay was performed to analyze 3 dimensional cell viability of patients derived xenografts (PDX) 170.2 organoids. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptotic cells treated with GA. And confocal image was performed to detect the apoptotic mitochondrial morphological changes. Apoptotic cell death related protein levels were measured through Western blot (WB) in GA treated cells and organoids. The expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway related ribonucleic acid (RNAs) and proteins were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and WB, respectively. RESULTS The treatment of GA significantly reduced cell viability of PTEN-/-/p53-/- PC cells and LAPC-4 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In organoids, GA showed strong inhibition towards organoids' numbers and diameters and continuously led to a complete organoids inhibition with GA 150 nmol/L. Ex vivo results validated that GA 1 μmol/L inhibited 44.6% PDX170.2 organoids growth. As for mechanism, flow cytometry detected continuously increased apoptotic portion under GA treatment from 1.98% to 11.78% (6 h) and 29.94% (8 h, P<0.05). In addition, mitochondrial fragmentation emerged in GA treated cells indicated the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway might be involved. Furthermore, WB detected caspases-3, -9 activation and light chain (LC)-3 conversion with GA treatment. WB revealed decreased activity of MAPK pathway and down-regulation of downstream c-fos oncogene RNA level was detected by RT-PCR before undergoing apoptosis (P<0.05). CONCLUSION GA was a potent anti-tumor compound as for PTEN-/-/p53-/- PC, which contributed to cell apoptosis via inhibition of the MAPK pathway and c-fos.
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