Kitchen I, Tremblay J, André J, Dring LG, Idle JR, Smith RL, Williams RT. Interindividual and interspecies variation in the metabolism of the hallucinogen 4-methoxyamphetamine.
Xenobiotica 1979;
9:397-404. [PMID:
582863 DOI:
10.3109/00498257909038744]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of the urinary elimination of orally administered 4-methoxy[14C]amphetamine have been examined in the rat and guinea-pig and in three volunteer human subjects, to determine interspecies and interindividual variations in disposition of the drug. 2. Both rat and guinea-pig excreted 70--80% of the administered dose(6 mg/kg) in the urine within 24 h, mainly as metabolites. 3. In the guinea-pig, the drug was metabolized by O-demethylation to give 4-hydroxyamphetamine, which was excreted free (4% dose) and conjugated (73%). No other metabolite was detected. 4. The rat metabolizes the drug both by O-dealkylation and by side-chain oxidation, the products being 4-hydroxyamphetamine (5% of dose free and 60% conjugated) and 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-one oxime (5% dose, free and conjugated). 5. In man the drug (dose 5 mg) is metabolized by O-demethylation and by side-chain oxidation. Marked intersubject variations were observed both in the array and quantitative aspects of metabolite excretion. Two subjects excreted mainly 4-hydroxyamphetamine (free and conjugated) together with smaller amounts of 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-one oxime and 4-hydroxynorephedrine. The third subject, however, who was previously known to exhibit a genetically determined defect in drug oxidation, was defective in O-dealkylation of 4-methoxyamphetamine, and the main excretion products were the unchanged drug together with products of side-chain oxidation, namely, 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-one oxime, 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-one and 4-methoxybenzoic acid. 6. Inter-individual differences in oxidative O-demethylation of the drug are discussed in relation to current theories on the aetiology of schizophrenia and reported fatalities arising from abuse of the drug.
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