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Ruiz MT, Azevedo NF, Raponi MBG, Fonseca LMM, Wernet M, Silva MPC, Contim D. Skin-to-Skin Contact in the Third Stage of Labor and Postpartum Hemorrhage Prevention: A Scoping Review. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:582-596. [PMID: 36867304 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Literature supports numerous benefits of skin-to-skin contact for neonatal adaptation to extrauterine life and bonding/attachment, but few studies explore the effects of skin-to-skin contact on maternal outcomes. This review aims to map the evidence on skin-to-skin contact in the third stage of labor for postpartum hemorrhage prevention. METHODS Scoping review, which covered stages recommended by the Institute Joanna Briggs, including studies from the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, using the descriptors "Postpartum hemorrhage", "Labor stages, third", "Prevention" and "Kangaroo care/Skin-to-skin". RESULTS 100 publications on the subject found, 13 articles met the inclusion criteria, with 10,169 dyads were assessed in all studies. Publications from 2008 to 2021 were mostly written in English and designed as a randomized controlled trial. Skin-to-skin contact was effective and significant in: reducing the duration of the third stage of labor; placenta delivery; uterine contractility and physiological involution; absence of atony, decreasing blood loss with lower rates of erythrocyte and hemoglobin drop; reducing the need for synthetic oxytocin and/or ergometrine to control bleeding; and reducing changing pads per period and length of stay. DISCUSSION Skin-to-skin contact was considered an effective, low-cost, and safe strategy, with positive effects already established in the literature for infants and extremely favorable results in postpartum hemorrhage prevention cases, being highly recommended in assistance for the dyad. Open Science Framework Registry ( https://osf.io/n3685 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Torreglosa Ruiz
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, Uberaba, MG, CEP 38025-015, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Freitas Azevedo
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, Uberaba, MG, CEP 38025-015, Brazil
| | | | | | - Monika Wernet
- Federal University of Sāo Carlos, Sāo Carlos, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Custódio Silva
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, Uberaba, MG, CEP 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Divanice Contim
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Centro, Uberaba, MG, CEP 38025-015, Brazil
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Agudelo SI, Gamboa OA, Molina CF. Análisis de Costo Efectividad del Contacto Piel a Piel al Nacimiento, Temprano vs Inmediato, en la Morbilidad Neonatal de Recién Nacidos de Bajo Riesgo. Value Health Reg Issues 2022; 30:100-108. [PMID: 35334253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of immediate skin-to-skin contact compared with early skin-to-skin contact in the prevalent neonatal morbidity of the low-risk newborn in Colombia. METHODS A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted. The perspective of the third payer (health system) was used, and the time horizon was the first month of life. Low-risk term infants were included at birth. The cost estimate was obtained from an expert consensus and a retrospective cohort of neonates hospitalized in a neonatal unit. The effectiveness of the interventions was obtained from a clinical trial and was defined as an avoided case of hospitalization. A decision tree was built, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses of the effects and costs were performed. RESULTS Early skin-to-skin contact was a dominated intervention. In the probabilistic sensitivity analyses, early skin-to-skin contact was not an option to choose in any scenario and it was dominated in 68% of the simulations. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that early skin-to-skin contact is a dominated intervention. From an economic perspective, immediate skin-to-skin contact is a desired intervention for the prevention of prevalent diseases of the low-risk newborn at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio I Agudelo
- Pediatra y Perinatologo, Escuela de Graduados, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia; Jefe Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
| | - Oscar A Gamboa
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Carlos F Molina
- Ciencias de La Salud, Escuela de Graduados, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
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Immediate and Sustained Skin-to-Skin Contact for Healthy Late Preterm and Term Newborns After Birth: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 14. Nurs Womens Health 2021; 25:e9-e11. [PMID: 34462236 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Immediate and Sustained Skin-to-Skin Contact for Healthy Late Preterm and Term Newborns After Birth: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 14. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2021; 50:e13-e15. [PMID: 34462182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Gupta N, Deierl A, Hills E, Banerjee J. Systematic review confirmed the benefits of early skin-to-skin contact but highlighted lack of studies on very and extremely preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:2310-2315. [PMID: 33973279 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM We systematically reviewed the literature to identify the benefits of early skin-to-skin contact (SSC) for all gestational ages. METHODS The MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched for papers published in English from 1 January 1975 to 31 March 2020. Early SSC was defined as when the infant was placed directly onto the mother's chest within 180 min of birth. Two authors independently searched the databases, appraised study quality and extracted the study design and outcome data. The primary outcomes were the infants' physiological stability after birth: thermoregulation and stabilisation. The secondary outcomes were exclusive breastfeeding and mother-infant interaction. RESULTS We reviewed 30 studies that assessed the benefits of early SSC: 22 comprised term-born healthy infants and eight focused on preterm or ill infants. These included various gestational ages, birth methods and cultural backgrounds. The studies demonstrated that early SSC stabilised neonatal physiological parameters, promoted exclusive breastfeeding and supported bonding. Most of the data were from term and late preterm births. CONCLUSION This systematic review showed that early SSC could be beneficial. Further studies that focus on providing very and extremely preterm infants with SSC, and parental experiences, are needed to enable SSC to be adopted as routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK
| | | | - Emily Hills
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK
| | - Jayanta Banerjee
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK
- Imperial College London London UK
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Montoya A, Fritz J, Labora A, Rodriguez M, Walker D, Treviño-Siller S, González-Hernández D, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. Respectful and evidence-based birth care in Mexico (or lack thereof): An observational study. Women Birth 2020; 33:574-582. [PMID: 32111555 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM In Mexico, women are often disrespected and abused during birth, evidence-based practices are seldom used, while outdated and dangerous procedures linger. BACKGROUND Disrespectful and abusive practices in Mexico have been reported but are not necessarily well-documented; none of the reports so far have relied on direct observation of births. AIM To describe birth practices and factors associated with respectful and evidence-based care at 15 referral hospitals in Mexico. METHODS We observed 401 births from 2010-2016. We analysed woman, provider, and hospital characteristics and their association with the performance of 14 evidence-based and 15 respectful birth practices via descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models. FINDINGS Only in four births were all the analysed evidence-based and respectful-birth practices performed. Essential interventions like uterine massage was only given to 46.1% of women and the administration of a uterotonic soon after birth only occurred in 58.3% of births. Professionals who were trained in respectful birth care were more likely to address women by their name (Odds Ratio=3.34, p<0.05), allow consumption of liquids during labour (Odds Ratio=31.6, p<0.05), encourage skin-to-skin contact (Odds Ratio=31.82, p<0.05), and examine the placenta after birth (Odds Ratio=16.55, p<0.01); they were less likely to perform episiotomies (Odds Ratio=0.27, p<0.05). DISCUSSION This study reveals low rates of evidence-based practices and respectful maternity care but shows training in the topic can have a considerable positive impact. Our results call for further efforts to improve the quality of maternal healthcare, a universal right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Montoya
- Department of Perinatal Health, Centre for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Data Mining Coordinator, Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jimena Fritz
- Department of Perinatal Health, Centre for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Amanda Labora
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Dilys Walker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States; Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sandra Treviño-Siller
- Division of Determinants and Challenges of Health Systems, Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dolores González-Hernández
- Department of Perinatal Health, Centre for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa
- Department of Perinatal Health, Centre for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Achieving Early Mother-baby Skin-to-skin Contact in Caesarean Section: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Indian Pediatr 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-018-1377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cleveland L, Hill CM, Pulse WS, DiCioccio HC, Field T, White-Traut R. Systematic Review of Skin-to-Skin Care for Full-Term, Healthy Newborns. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2017; 46:857-869. [PMID: 28950108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of skin-to-skin mother-infant holding, touch, and/or massage on full-term, healthy newborns and their primary caregivers. DATA SOURCES A seven-member scientific advisory panel searched the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus using the search terms massage, skin-to-skin contact, kangaroo care, touch, therapeutic touch, and full-term newborns for research with human participants published in English with no date parameters. STUDY SELECTION The initial search yielded 416 articles. After reviewing titles and retaining only articles that met the review criteria, 280 articles remained. The panel co-chairs reviewed and discussed the abstracts of these articles and retained 90 for review. DATA EXTRACTION Each article was assigned to one panel member and one co-chair for review. Members of the panel met via teleconference to present articles and to determine whether they had scientific merit and addressed the research question. Articles that did not meet these standards were eliminated. Forty articles included relevant evidence: 33 articles on skin-to-skin holding and 7 on infant massage. DATA SYNTHESIS We created a table that included the purpose, design, and findings of each study. This information was synthesized into a feasibility report by the co-chairs. CONCLUSION Evidence supports recommendations for skin-to-skin care for all full-term, healthy newborns. Although there is inadequate evidence to recommend massage as standard care for all newborns, massage has been shown to help consolidate sleep patterns and reduce jaundice.
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Can a simulation-based training program impact the use of evidence based routine practices at birth? Results of a hospital-based cluster randomized trial in Mexico. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172623. [PMID: 28319122 PMCID: PMC5358738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Mexico, although the majority of births are attended in hospitals, reports have emerged of obstetric violence, use of unsafe practices, and failure to employ evidence-based practices (EBP). Recent attention has refocused global efforts towards provision of quality care that is both patient-centered and evidence-based. Scaling up of local interventions should rely on strong evidence of effectiveness. Objective To perform a secondary analysis to evaluate the impact of a simulation and team-training program (PRONTO) on the performance of EBP in normal births. Methods A pair-matched cluster randomized controlled trial of the intervention was designed to measure the impact of the program (PRONTO intervention) on a sample of 24 hospitals (12 hospitals received the PRONTO training and 12 served as controls) in the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, and Mexico. We estimated the impact of receiving the intervention on the probability of birth practices performance in a sample of 641 observed births of which 318 occurred in the treated hospitals and 323 occurred in control hospitals. Data was collected at 4 time points (baseline, 4th, 8th and 12th months after the training). Women were blinded to treatment allocation but observers and providers were not. Estimates were obtained by fitting difference-in-differences logistic regression models considering confounding variables. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov: # NCT01477554. Results Significant changes were found following the intervention. At 4 months post-intervention an increase of 20 percentage points (p.p.) for complete Active Management of Third Stage of Labor (AMTSL) (p = 0.044), and 16 p.p. increase for Skin-to-Skin Contact (p = 0.067); at 12 months a 25 p.p. increase of the 1st step of AMTSL (p = 0.026) and a 42 p.p. increase of Delayed Cord Clamping (p = 0.004); at 4 months a 30 (p = 0.001) and at 8 months a 22 (p = 0.010) p.p. decrease for Uterine Sweeping. Conclusions The intervention has an impact on adopting EBP at birth, contributing to an increased quality of care. Long lasting impacts on these practices are possible if there were to be a widespread adoption of the training techniques including simulation, team-training and facilitated discussions regarding routine care.
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Immediate and Sustained Skin-to-Skin Contact for the Healthy Term Newborn After Birth: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 5. Nurs Womens Health 2016; 20:614-616. [PMID: 27938802 DOI: 10.1016/s1751-4851(16)30331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nimbalkar AS, Patel DV, Nimbalkar SM, Patel VK, Patel DN, Phatak AG. Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Infants Receiving Skin to Skin Care at Birth: Follow-up of Randomized Cohort. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:SC09-SC12. [PMID: 28208964 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22930.9003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin to Skin Care (SSC) in neonatal period influences immediate breastfeeding outcomes in early childhood, especially the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. AIM We investigated influence of 17 hours of SSC given from day one of life on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices through one year of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Follow-up of a Superiority Randomized Control Trial (RCT) (CTRI/2013/06/003790) conducted in a teaching hospital located in central Gujarat. Mothers of 100 neonates (48 girls, 52 boys) from previous study cohort of RCT on SSC were followed. A survey on IYCF practices during the first year of life was administered after the end of infancy. In RCT, 50 neonates had received SSC beginning of 30 min- 1 hour after birth for average 17 hours on day 1 of life. In the control group, 50 newborn were placed next to the mother and conventional care was provided. There was a significant difference between hypothermia incidences in these groups in the first two days of life. RESULTS There was no difference in the groups as far as the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, number of times breastfed per day, or stoppage of night feeds. No baby in either group received bottled feeds but about 53 received some form of extra lacteal feeds in the first 6 months without significant group difference. Fewer SSC mothers reported difficulties with breastfeeding or extra lacteal supplementation. All mothers who faced problems contacted physicians for advice and 20 were advised top milk and 6 given other foods. At one year of life 66% mothers were giving less than the recommended five food servings. There was no difference in practices related to hand washing, food preparation and storage, feeding habits of child and illness episodes in the children. CONCLUSION IYCF practices in this small group were not as per guidelines. Few positive trends were seen with fewer SSC mothers facing problems related to breastfeeding. The study was underpowered to detect differences in IYCF practices in relation to SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipen Vasudev Patel
- Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College , Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Vijay Karshanbhai Patel
- Senior Resident, Department of Paediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College , Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Ajay Gajanan Phatak
- Manager, Central Research Services, Charutar Arogya Mandal , Karamsad, Gujarat, India
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Immediate and Sustained Skin-to-Skin Contact for the Healthy Term Newborn After Birth: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 5. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2016; 45:842-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Koopman I, Callaghan-Koru JA, Alaofin O, Argani CH, Farzin A. Early skin-to-skin contact for healthy full-term infants after vaginal and caesarean delivery: a qualitative study on clinician perspectives. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:1367-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inez Koopman
- Selective Utrecht Medical Master; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Oluwatope Alaofin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Cynthia H. Argani
- Labor and Delivery at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center; Baltimore MD USA
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Azadeh Farzin
- Department of International
Health; International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore MD USA
- Division of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
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Boundy EO, Dastjerdi R, Spiegelman D, Fawzi WW, Missmer SA, Lieberman E, Kajeepeta S, Wall S, Chan GJ. Kangaroo Mother Care and Neonatal Outcomes: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-2238. [PMID: 26702029 PMCID: PMC4702019 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an intervention aimed at improving outcomes among preterm and low birth weight newborns. OBJECTIVE Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the association between KMC and neonatal outcomes. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, African Index Medicus (AIM), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Information System (LILACS), Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR), Index Medicus for the South-East Asian Region (IMSEAR), and Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM). STUDY SELECTION We included randomized trials and observational studies through April 2014 examining the relationship between KMC and neonatal outcomes among infants of any birth weight or gestational age. Studies with <10 participants, lack of a comparison group without KMC, and those not reporting a quantitative association were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers extracted data on study design, risk of bias, KMC intervention, neonatal outcomes, relative risk (RR) or mean difference measures. RESULTS 1035 studies were screened; 124 met inclusion criteria. Among LBW newborns, KMC compared to conventional care was associated with 36% lower mortality(RR 0.64; 95% [CI] 0.46, 0.89). KMC decreased risk of neonatal sepsis (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.34, 0.83), hypothermia (RR 0.22; 95% CI 0.12, 0.41), hypoglycemia (RR 0.12; 95% CI 0.05, 0.32), and hospital readmission (RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.23, 0.76) and increased exclusive breastfeeding (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.26, 1.78). Newborns receiving KMC had lower mean respiratory rate and pain measures, and higher oxygen saturation, temperature, and head circumference growth. LIMITATIONS Lack of data on KMC limited the ability to assess dose-response. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to scale up KMC implementation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donna Spiegelman
- Departments of Epidemiology, Departments of Global Health and Population, and Biostatistics, and
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Departments of Epidemiology, Departments of Global Health and Population, and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Departments of Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ellice Lieberman
- Departments of Epidemiology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Grace J Chan
- Departments of Global Health and Population, and Save the Children, Washington, DC; and Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Vilinsky A, Sheridan A. Hypothermia in the newborn: An exploration of its cause, effect and prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.12968/bjom.2014.22.8.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Sheridan
- Lecturer, UCD School of Nursing Midwifery & Health Systems, Health Sciences Centre, University College, Dublin
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