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Thakur M, Medintz IL, Walper SA. Enzymatic Bioremediation of Organophosphate Compounds-Progress and Remaining Challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:289. [PMID: 31781549 PMCID: PMC6856225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate compounds are ubiquitously employed as agricultural pesticides and maintained as chemical warfare agents by several nations. These compounds are highly toxic, show environmental persistence and accumulation, and contribute to numerous cases of poisoning and death each year. While their use as weapons of mass destruction is rare, these never fully disappear into obscurity as they continue to be tools of fear and control by governments and terrorist organizations. Beyond weaponization, their wide-scale dissemination as agricultural products has led to environmental accumulation and intoxication of soil and water across the globe. Therefore, there is a dire need for rapid and safe agents for environmental bioremediation, personal decontamination, and as therapeutic detoxicants. Organophosphate hydrolyzing enzymes are emerging as appealing targets to satisfy decontamination needs owing to their ability to hydrolyze both pesticides and nerve agents using biologically-derived materials safe for both the environment and the individual. As the release of genetically modified organisms is not widely accepted practice, researchers are exploring alternative strategies of organophosphate bioremediation that focus on cell-free enzyme systems. In this review, we first discuss several of the more prevalent organophosphorus hydrolyzing enzymes along with research and engineering efforts that have led to an enhancement in their activity, substrate tolerance, and stability. In the later half we focus on advances achieved through research focusing on enhancing the catalytic activity and stability of phosphotriesterase, a model organophosphate hydrolase, using various approaches such as nanoparticle display, DNA scaffolding, and outer membrane vesicle encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Thakur
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Sciences, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott A Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Sciences, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
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Petsas AS, Vagi MC. Trends in the Bioremediation of Pharmaceuticals and Other Organic Contaminants Using Native or Genetically Modified Microbial Strains: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:787-824. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190527113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, numerous synthetic and semisynthetic chemicals are extensively produced and consequently used worldwide for many different purposes, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, hydrocarbons with aromatic rings (known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs), multi-substituted biphenyls with halogens (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs), and many other toxic and persistent chemical species. The presence of the aforementioned xenobiotic substances not only in various environmental matrices (water, air, and soil), but also in biological tissues (organisms) as well as in several compartments of raw or processed food (of fruit, vegetal, and animal origin), has raised global scientific concerns regarding their potential toxicity towards non target organisms including humans. Additionally, the ability of those persistent organic pollutants to be magnified via food consumption (food chain) has become a crucial threat to human health. Microbial degradation is considered an important route influencing the fate of those toxicants in each matrix. The technique of bioremediation, either with microorganisms (native or genetically modified) which are applied directly (in a reactor or in situ), or with cell extracts or purified enzymes preparations, is reported as a low cost and potential detoxification technology for the removal of toxic chemicals. The sources and toxic impacts of target groups of chemicals are briefly presented in the present study, whereas the bioremediation applications for the removal of pharmaceuticals and other organic contaminants using microbial strains are critically reviewed. All the recently published data concerning the genes encoding the relevant enzymes that catalyze the degradation reactions, the mechanisms of reactions and parameters that influence the bioremediation process are discussed. Finally, research needs and future trends in the direction of decontamination are high-lightened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S. Petsas
- Laboratory of Environmental Quality and Geospatial Applications, Department of Marine Sciences, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Lesvos, Greece
| | - Maria C. Vagi
- Laboratory of Environmental Quality and Geospatial Applications, Department of Marine Sciences, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Lesvos, Greece
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Zouiten A, Beltifa A, Van Loco J, Mansour HB, Reyns T. Ecotoxicological potential of antibiotic pollution-industrial wastewater: bioavailability, biomarkers, and occurrence in Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15343-15350. [PMID: 27109112 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by pharmaceutical residues has become a major problem in many countries worldwide. However, little is known about the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in water sources in Tunisia. Residues in the natural environment have been of increasing concern due to their impact on bacteria resistance development and toxicity to natural communities and ultimately to public health. In this work, we collected the wastewater sample from a pharmaceutical industry, which specializes in the antibiotics manufacture, during the years 2014-2015. Generally, this effluent is discharged into the marine environment and causes environmental problems. The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was commonly used as a model organism for its peculiar morphofunctional properties which also make it an excellent marine environmental biomonitoring species. The histological sections of mussel, which are exposed at different dilutions of pharmaceutical wastewater (PW), indicate a large pathological power revealed on the gills. On the other hand, genotoxicity of the studied effluent was evaluated using comet assay for quantification of DNA fragmentation in gill cells. Results show that PW exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.001) genotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner. However, the toxic effects of PW decreased significantly after its treatment with Bacillus atrophaeus. Toxicities can be imputed to the presence of antibiotics. In fact, chemical analysis of the gills of mussel M. galloprovincialis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) showed the presence of some antibiotic residues. These concentrations decrease to half in mussels treated with PW biodegraded by B. atrophaeus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Zouiten
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environmental -APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Beltifa
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environmental -APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environmental -APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Tim Reyns
- Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Dridi D, Bchir F, Zouiten A, Tahrani L, Ben Mansour H. Murine chronotoxicity to pharmaceutical wastewater. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.787684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mustapha N, Zouiten A, Dridi D, Tahrani L, Zouiten D, Mosrati R, Cherif A, Chekir-Ghedira L, Mansour HB. Comet assay with gill cells of Mytilus galloprovincialis end point tools for biomonitoring of water antibiotic contamination. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:686-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713506958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article investigates the ability of Pseudomonas peli to treat industrial pharmaceuticals wastewater (PW). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis revealed the presence, in this PW, of a variety of antibiotics such as sulfathiazole, sulfamoxole, norfloxacine, cloxacilline, doxycycline, and cefquinome. P. peli was very effective to be grown in PW and inducts a remarkable increase in chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand (140.31 and 148.51%, respectively). On the other hand, genotoxicity of the studied effluent, before and after 24 h of shaking incubation with P. peli, was evaluated in vivo in the Mediterranean wild mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis using comet assay for quantification of DNA fragmentation. Results show that PW exhibited a statistically significant ( p < 0.001) genotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner; indeed, the percentage of genotoxicity was 122.6 and 49.5% after exposure to 0.66 ml/kg body weight (b.w.); 0.33 ml/kg b.w. of PW, respectively. However, genotoxicity decreased strongly when tested with the PW obtained after incubation with P. peli. We can conclude that using comet assay genotoxicity end points are useful tools to biomonitor the physicochemical and biological quality of water. Also, it could be concluded that P. peli can treat and detoxify the studied PW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mustapha
- Faculté de Médicine Dentaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Amina Zouiten
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Valorisation de Bio Géo Ressources (LBVBGR), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie (LR11-ES31), BioTechPole Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Dorra Dridi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Valorisation de Bio Géo Ressources (LBVBGR), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie (LR11-ES31), BioTechPole Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Leyla Tahrani
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Valorisation de Bio Géo Ressources (LBVBGR), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie (LR11-ES31), BioTechPole Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Dorra Zouiten
- Laboratoire d’Aquaculture, Institut Nationale des Sciences et Technologie de la Mer, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Ridha Mosrati
- Laboratoire des Aliments Bioprocédés, Toxicologie, Environnements (ABTE-EA 4651), IUT de Caen, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Valorisation de Bio Géo Ressources (LBVBGR), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie (LR11-ES31), BioTechPole Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Faculté de Médicine Dentaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Valorisation de Bio Géo Ressources (LBVBGR), Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie (LR11-ES31), BioTechPole Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
- Laboratoire des Aliments Bioprocédés, Toxicologie, Environnements (ABTE-EA 4651), IUT de Caen, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
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Auger C, Han S, Appanna VP, Thomas SC, Ulibarri G, Appanna VD. Metabolic reengineering invoked by microbial systems to decontaminate aluminum: implications for bioremediation technologies. Biotechnol Adv 2012. [PMID: 23201464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As our reliance on aluminum (Al) increases, so too does its presence in the environment and living systems. Although generally recognized as safe, its interactions with most living systems have been nefarious. This review presents an overview of the noxious effects of Al and how a subset of microbes can rework their metabolic pathways in order to survive an Al-contaminated environment. For instance, in order to expulse the metal as an insoluble precipitate, Pseudomonas fluorescens shuttles metabolites toward the production of organic acids and lipids that play key roles in chelating, immobilizing and exuding Al. Further, the reconfiguration of metabolic modules enables the microorganism to combat the dearth of iron (Fe) and the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoted by Al toxicity. While in Rhizobium spp., exopolysaccharides have been invoked to sequester this metal, an ATPase is known to safeguard Anoxybacillus gonensis against the trivalent metal. Hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate moieties have also been exploited by microbes to trap Al. Hence, an understanding of the metabolic networks that are operative in microorganisms residing in polluted environments is critical in devising bioremediation technologies aimed at managing metal wastes. Metabolic engineering is essential in elaborating effective biotechnological processes to decontaminate metal-polluted surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Auger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
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