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Muhamedejevs R, Živković L, Dzintare M, Sjakste N. DNA-binding activities of compounds acting as enzyme inhibitors, ion channel blockers and receptor binders. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109638. [PMID: 34508711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-binding activities of compounds used as remedies can display DNA-protection, but also damaging effects in biological systems. The current review compiles literature data on DNA-binding activities of drugs widely used as remedies with different therapeutic indications. The compounds are classified according their mechanism of action: enzyme inhibitors, ion channel inhibitors, inhibitors of viral RNA replication and HIV protease and receptor agonists. DNA binding was reported for such widely used drugs as paracetamol, aspirin, metformin, statins and many others. The capability of the drug to bind DNA is sometimes coupled to genotoxic effects, but in some cases - to genome protection. Data on atoms and chemical groups involved in the drug-DNA interactions are also presented. In many cases the same atoms are involved in both interactions of the compounds with proteins and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslans Muhamedejevs
- Laboratory of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Lada Živković
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maija Dzintare
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Biomechanics, Hygiene and Informatics, Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Brivibas gatve 333, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.
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Donmez-Altuntas H, Bayram F, Coskun-Demirkalp AN, Baspınar O, Kocer D, Toth PP. Therapeutic effects of statins on chromosomal DNA damage of dyslipidemic patients. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1089-1095. [PMID: 31426681 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219871895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are a group of cholesterol lowering drugs and frequently used in the therapy of dyslipidemia. Our knowledge of the impact of statin therapy on DNA damage is as yet rudimentary. In this study, we aimed to assess the possible (1) genotoxic, cytostatic, and cytotoxic effects of statins in peripheral blood lymphocytes by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay, and (2) oxidative DNA damage by measuring plasma 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in response to statin therapy. Thirty patients with dyslipidemia who had no chronic diseases and did not use any medicines that interfere lipid values and twenty control subjects were included in the study. Statin therapy was initiated at risk-stratified doses. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment with statins and from control subjects, and CBMN-cyt assay parameters and 8-OHdG levels were evaluated. The chromosomal DNA damage (micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges [NPBs]), cytostasis (nuclear division index [NDI]), and cytotoxicity (apoptotic and necrotic cell frequencies) were decreased in patients with dyslipidemia after statin treatment. No significant differences were found for 8-OHdG levels between patients with dyslipidemia before or after statin therapy. The total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels showed positive correlations with NPB frequency in patients with dyslipidemia prior to statin treatment. The present study is the first to evaluate CBMN-cyt assay biomarkers and 8-OHdG levels in patients with dyslipidemia before and after treatment with statins. The observed reductions of chromosomal DNA damage and NDI values with statin treatment could represent an important and under-appreciated pleiotropic effect of these agents. Impact statement In literature, it is possible to find some in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay studies about human lymphocytes and statins. But, there are no data on CBMN-cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay parameters related to statin therapy in patients with dyslipidemia. The present study is the first to evaluate CBMN-cyt assay biomarkers and 8-OHdG levels in patients with dyslipidemia before treatment and after treatment with statins (5–10 mg/day rosuvastatin or 10–20 mg/day atorvastatin). In this study we show that statin therapy decreased chromosomal DNA damage (micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges) and nuclear division index (NDI) values in patients with dyslipidemia by possible molecular reasons independent of oxidative DNA damage. In addition, the decrease of chromosomal DNA damage and NDI values with statin treatment could be indicated by the association between statin use and reduced risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamiyet Donmez-Altuntas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
| | - Fahri Bayram
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
| | - Ayse N Coskun-Demirkalp
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey.,Mucur Vocational School of Health Services, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 40500, Turkey
| | - Osman Baspınar
- Department of Internal Diseases, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Derya Kocer
- Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Peter P Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL 61081, USA
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Tunca H, Berber AA, Çanakçi K, Tuna M, Yildiz SZ, Aksoy H. Synthesis, characterization, and determination of genotoxic effect of a novel dimeric 8-hydroxyquinoline Cd(II) SCN complex. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:300-308. [PMID: 27631679 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1223094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Cd(II) complex was synthesized using 8-hydroxyquinoline and thiocyanate as the ligands and structurally characterized with the combination of FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-vis, and MS spectral data. Then, genotoxic effects of the prepared complex were investigated. Genotoxic properties of the dimeric 8-hydroxyquinolinthiocyanatoCd(II) [Cd2(8Q)2(SCN)2] complex synthesized as drug raw material were analyzed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 μg/mL [Cd2(8Q)2(SCN)2] were used for 24 and 48 h durations. [Cd2(8Q)2(SCN)2] significantly increased chromosomal aberrations (CAs) at 4, 6, and 8 μg/mL concentrations after a 24- h period and 2 and 4 μg/mL after a 48-h period. [Cd2(8Q)2(SCN)2] significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) at all concentrations, both at 24 and 48 h. Micronuclei frequency (MN) was not affected by [Cd2(8Q)2(SCN)2] treatment compared with the control. After application for a 48 h period, 6 and 8 μg/mL concentrations showed toxic effects both in chromosomal abnormality and in micronucleus tests. It also decreased the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI), but this result was statistically significant only at 6 and 8 μg/mL concentrations. In the comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)), significant increases in comet tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity were observed at all concentrations. [Cd2(8Q)2(SCN)2] displays clastogenic effect in the concentrations used in human peripheral lymphocytes at chromosomal abnormality, micronucleus tests, and cytokinesis-block proliferation index parameters. Further studies should be conducted in other test systems to evaluate the complete genotoxic potential of [Cd2(8Q)2(SCN)2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tunca
- a Department of Biology , Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University , Esentepe Campus , Sakarya , Turkey and
| | - Ahmet Ali Berber
- a Department of Biology , Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University , Esentepe Campus , Sakarya , Turkey and
| | - Kubra Çanakçi
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University , Esentepe Campus , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Murat Tuna
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University , Esentepe Campus , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Salih Zeki Yildiz
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University , Esentepe Campus , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Aksoy
- a Department of Biology , Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University , Esentepe Campus , Sakarya , Turkey and
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Orsolin PC, Silva-Oliveira RG, Nepomuceno JC. Modulating effect of synthetic statins against damage induced by doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 81:111-119. [PMID: 25846503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, popularly known as statins, exert pleiotropic effects, which result from the ability of statins to inhibit the synthesis of isoprenoids, which are fundamental for the functioning of proteins responsible for intracellular signaling. Some recent studies suggest an important role associated with the use of antineoplastic atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, the statins most widely used today. In this study, the Drosophila wing spot test was used to evaluate possible protective effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin against damage induced by DXR. Larvae were chronically treated with negative control (ethanol 5%), positive control (DXR 0.125 mg/mL) and five different concentrations of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. The results demonstrated absence of a mutagenic effect for the two statins tested. The analysis of the descendants co-treated with DXR and atorvastatin/rosuvastatin revealed a modulatory effect of these statins on damage induced by DXR. This effect was verified in all concentrations tested in the descendants of the ST and HB crosses treated with rosuvastatin, and only in descendants of the HB cross treated with atorvastatin. Induction of apoptosis and antioxidant activity appear to be the main mechanisms involved in reducing the frequency of mutant spots and consequent modulation of the damage induced by DXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Orsolin
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R G Silva-Oliveira
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J C Nepomuceno
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Citogenética e Mutagênese, Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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