Bilateral Acute Proptosis as Initial Manifestation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Bilateral Acute Proptosis With Papilledema and Sub-retinal Fluid As Initial Manifestations of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Child

A five-year-old boy presented with bilateral acute proptosis, papilledema, and sub-retinal fluid. Notably, choroidal thickening exceeded 600 microns. These ocular findings were the initial manifestations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This case underscores the importance of recognizing uncommon ocular presentations in pediatric leukemia for timely diagnosis and management.

Bilateral Orbital Myeloid Sarcomas: A Unique Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are solid manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are commonly present in children. These tumors can arise in many tissues including bone, soft tissue, or skin, and are commonly seen in the orbit. As practically all MS will, if left untreated, eventually present as AML, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are imperative. We highlighted a case of bilateral orbital MS in a pediatric patient that presented concurrently with AML and the steps taken to diagnose and initiate treatment. Our case highlights the potentially occult presentation of AML as well as myeloid sarcoma and, therefore, the importance of swift workup and diagnosis. Epidemiology, radiographic features, diagnosis, and treatment for myeloid sarcoma and AML were discussed.

[Bilateral orbital myeloid sarcoma: the circumstance of the discovery of acute myeloid leukemia (a case report)]

Le sarcome myéloïde est une forme rare parmi les manifestations oculaires au cours de la leucémie aiguë myéloïde. Le caractère bilatéral et précédant tout signe clinique de la leucémie est d´autant plus rare. Nous rapportons le cas d´un patient de 16 mois consultant pour une exophtalmie aigue bilatérale d´allure inflammatoire, rapidement progressive, avec une kératite d´exposition. La tomodensitométrie oculo-cérébrale montrait une infiltration d´allure tissulaire bilatérale occupant la cavité orbitaire. Le bilan sanguin montrait un syndrome inflammatoire biologique, une bicytopénie et une blastose circulante à 83%. La présence de blastes circulant a motivé la réalisation d´un myélogramme qui a permis d´établir le diagnostic de leucémie aiguë myéloïde 4. Devant une exophtalmie, même bilatérale, il faut penser au sarcome myéloïde et étudier minutieusement les résultats de l´hémogramme.