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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Ameliorate Morphological Defects and Hypoexcitability of iPSC-Neurons from Rubinstein-Taybi Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115777. [PMID: 34071322 PMCID: PMC8197986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in CREBBP or EP300 genes encoding CBP/p300 lysine acetyltransferases. We investigated the efficacy of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Trichostatin A (TSA) in ameliorating morphological abnormalities of iPSC-derived young neurons from P149 and P34 CREBBP-mutated patients and hypoexcitability of mature neurons from P149. Neural progenitors from both patients’ iPSC lines were cultured one week with TSA 20 nM and, only P149, for 6 weeks with TSA 0.2 nM, in parallel to neural progenitors from controls. Immunofluorescence of MAP2/TUJ1 positive cells using the Skeletonize Image J plugin evidenced that TSA partially rescued reduced nuclear area, and decreased branch length and abnormal end points number of both 45 days patients’ neurons, but did not influence the diminished percentage of their neurons with respect to controls. Patch clamp recordings of TSA-treated post-mitotic P149 neurons showed complete/partial rescue of sodium/potassium currents and significant enhancement of neuron excitability compared to untreated replicas. Correction of abnormalities of P149 young neurons was also affected by valproic acid 1 mM for 72 h, with some variation, with respect to TSA, on the morphological parameter. These findings hold promise for development of an epigenetic therapy to attenuate RSTS patients cognitive impairment.
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Kang KW, Kim W, Cho YW, Lee SK, Jung KY, Shin W, Kim DW, Kim WJ, Lee HW, Kim W, Kim K, Lee SH, Choi SY, Kim MK. Genetic characteristics of non-familial epilepsy. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8278. [PMID: 31875159 PMCID: PMC6925949 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the genetic etiology of epilepsy can provide essential prognostic information and influence decisions regarding treatment and management, leading us into the era of precision medicine. However, the genetic basis underlying epileptogenesis or epilepsy pharmacoresistance is not well-understood, particularly in non-familial epilepsies with heterogeneous phenotypes that last until or start in adulthood. Methods We sought to determine the contribution of known epilepsy-associated genes (EAGs) to the causation of non-familial epilepsies with heterogeneous phenotypes and to the genetic basis underlying epilepsy pharmacoresistance. We performed a multi-center study for whole exome sequencing-based screening of 178 selected EAGs in 243 non-familial adult patients with primarily focal epilepsy (122 drug-resistant and 121 drug-responsive epilepsies). The pathogenicity of each variant was assessed through a customized stringent filtering process and classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Results Possible causal genetic variants of epilepsy were uncovered in 13.2% of non-familial patients with primarily focal epilepsy. The diagnostic yield according to the seizure onset age was 25% (2/8) in the neonatal and infantile period, 11.1% (14/126) in childhood and 14.7% (16/109) in adulthood. The higher diagnostic yields were from ion channel-related genes and mTOR pathway-related genes, which does not significantly differ from the results of previous studies on familial or early-onset epilepsies. These potentially pathogenic variants, which were identified in genes that have been mainly associated with early-onset epilepsies with severe phenotypes, were also linked to epilepsies that start in or last until adulthood in this study. This finding suggested the presence of one or more disease-modifying factors that regulate the onset time or severity of epileptogenesis. The target hypothesis of epilepsy pharmacoresistance was not verified in our study. Instead, neurodevelopment-associated epilepsy genes, such as TSC2 or RELN, or structural brain lesions were more strongly associated with epilepsy pharmacoresistance. Conclusions We revealed a fraction of possible causal genetic variants of non-familial epilepsies in which genetic testing is usually overlooked. In this study, we highlight the importance of earlier identification of the genetic etiology of non-familial epilepsies, which leads us to the best treatment options in terms of precision medicine and to future neurobiological research for novel drug development. This should be considered a justification for physicians determining the hidden genetics of non-familial epilepsies that last until or start in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Wook Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Wonkuk Kim
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Won Cho
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonchul Shin
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyang Woon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woojun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keuntae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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Jiang Y, Qian YQ, Yang MM, Zhan QT, Chen Y, Xi FF, Sagnelli M, Dong MY, Zhao BH, Luo Q. Whole-Exome Sequencing Revealed Mutations of MED12 and EFNB1 in Fetal Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum. Front Genet 2019; 10:1201. [PMID: 31824579 PMCID: PMC6886535 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a birth defect in which the corpus callosum is either partially or completely missing. With recent advances in prenatal ultrasound, detection of ACC in obstetric practices is becoming more common. Etiologies of ACC include chromosome errors, genetic factors, prenatal infections, and other factors related to the prenatal environment. In an effort to elucidate more about the genetic influence in the pathogenesis of ACC, we identified, through whole-exome sequencing (WES), two gene mutations in two families with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. These two mutations are located on chromosome X: one is a hemizygous missense mutation c.3746T>C (p. L1249P) in the gene mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12); the other one is a heterozygous missense mutation c.128+5G>C in gene ephrin B1 (EFNB1). Historically, early diagnosis of complete ACC during pregnancy has been difficult; however, WES has provided us with a creative avenue of diagnosis, combining identification of genetic mutations with prenatal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Qing Qian
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Tao Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xi
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Sagnelli
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Min-Yue Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bai-Hui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Algahtani H, Al-Hakami F, Al-Shehri M, Shirah B, Al-Qahtani MH, Abdulkareem AA, Naseer MI. A very rare form of autosomal dominant progressive myoclonus epilepsy caused by a novel variant in the PRICKLE1 gene. Seizure 2019; 69:133-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Hakanen J, Ruiz-Reig N, Tissir F. Linking Cell Polarity to Cortical Development and Malformations. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:244. [PMID: 31213986 PMCID: PMC6558068 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of signaling molecules, cellular organelles, and cytoskeleton in a cell. Neural progenitors and neurons are highly polarized cells in which the cell membrane and cytoplasmic components are compartmentalized into distinct functional domains in response to internal and external cues that coordinate polarity and behavior during development and disease. In neural progenitor cells, polarity has a prominent impact on cell shape and coordinate several processes such as adhesion, division, and fate determination. Polarity also accompanies a neuron from the beginning until the end of its life. It is essential for development and later functionality of neuronal circuitries. During development, polarity governs transitions between multipolar and bipolar during migration of postmitotic neurons, and directs the specification and directional growth of axons. Once reaching final positions in cortical layers, neurons form dendrites which become compartmentalized to ensure proper establishment of neuronal connections and signaling. Changes in neuronal polarity induce signaling cascades that regulate cytoskeletal changes, as well as mRNA, protein, and vesicle trafficking, required for synapses to form and function. Hence, defects in establishing and maintaining cell polarity are associated with several neural disorders such as microcephaly, lissencephaly, schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. In this review we summarize the role of polarity genes in cortical development and emphasize the relationship between polarity dysfunctions and cortical malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Hakanen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
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Sudden unexpected death with rare compound heterozygous variants in PRICKLE1. Neurogenetics 2018; 20:39-43. [PMID: 30564977 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy-ataxia syndrome (EPM5) is an autosomal recessive form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy that has been associated with a homozygous missense mutation in PRICKLE1. We report a 23-year-old male who died shortly after refractory convulsion and respiratory failure. Autopsy showed unilateral hippocampal malformation without significant neuronal loss or gliosis. Genetic analysis that targeted both epilepsy and cardiac disease using next-generation sequencing revealed two variants of PRICKLE1. Additional investigation showed that the patient's father (p.Asp760del) and mother (p.Asp201Asn) each had a mutation in this gene. The present case shows that EPM5 can also be caused by compound heterozygous mutations.
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Mastrangelo M, Tolve M, Martinelli M, Di Noia SP, Parrini E, Leuzzi V. PRICKLE1
-related early onset epileptic encephalopathy. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2841-2845. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mastrangelo
- Department of Human Neuroscience; “Sapienza, University of Rome”; Rome Italy
| | - Manuela Tolve
- Department of Experimental Medicine; “Sapienza, University of Rome”; Rome Italy
| | - Martina Martinelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience; “Sapienza, University of Rome”; Rome Italy
| | - Sofia P. Di Noia
- Department of Human Neuroscience; “Sapienza, University of Rome”; Rome Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Department; Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience; “Sapienza, University of Rome”; Rome Italy
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Calhoun JD, Carvill GL. Unravelling the genetic architecture of autosomal recessive epilepsy in the genomic era. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:295-312. [PMID: 30247086 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1513509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The technological advancement of next-generation sequencing has greatly accelerated the pace of variant discovery in epilepsy. Despite an initial focus on autosomal dominant epilepsy due to the tractable nature of variant discovery with trios under a de novo model, more and more variants are being reported in families with epilepsies consistent with autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance. In this review, we touch on the classical AR epilepsy variants such as the inborn errors of metabolism and malformations of cortical development. However, we also highlight recently reported genes that are being identified by next-generation sequencing approaches and online 'matchmaking' platforms. Syndromes mainly characterized by seizures and complex neurodevelopmental disorders comorbid with epilepsy are discussed as an example of the wide phenotypic spectrum associated with the AR epilepsies. We conclude with a foray into the future, from the application of whole-genome sequencing to identify elusive epilepsy variants, to the promise of precision medicine initiatives to provide novel targeted therapeutics specific to the individual based on their clinical genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Calhoun
- a Department of Neurology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- a Department of Neurology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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Todd BP, Bassuk AG. A de novo mutation in PRICKLE1 associated with myoclonic epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:313-315. [PMID: 29790814 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1473862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous recessive mutations in the PRICKLE1 gene were first described in three consanguineous families with myoclonic epilepsy. Subsequent studies have identified neurological abnormalities in humans and animal models with both heterozygous and homozygous mutations in PRICKLE1 orthologs. We describe a 7-year-old with a novel de novo missense mutation in PRICKLE1 associated with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P Todd
- a Department of Pediatrics , The University of Iowa , Iowa City , United States
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- a Department of Pediatrics , The University of Iowa , Iowa City , United States
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Genetics and mechanisms leading to human cortical malformations. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 76:33-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mahajan VB, Bassuk AG. Response to Sandford et al.: PRICKLE2 Variants in Epilepsy: A Call for Precision Medicine. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:590-591. [PMID: 26942292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinit B Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics, Neuroscience, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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