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CircEXOC5 facilitates cell pyroptosis via epigenetic suppression of Nrf2 in septic acute lung injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:743-754. [PMID: 36074295 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis is characterized by a destructive high inflammatory response in lungs, which is the ultimate cause of high mortality to patients diagnosed with sepsis. The objective of the present study is to explore the effect and related mechanisms of circEXOC5 on pyroptosis in septic ALI. Sepsis ALI mouse model was induced and established by CLP induction and sepsis MPVEC cell model by LPS. HE staining was used to detect lung tissue pathological changes. ELISA, flow cytometry, and Western blot were utilized to evaluate the release of inflammatory cytokines and cell pyroptosis, and RIP was applied to verify the binding relationship between EZH2 and circEXOC5 or Nrf2. Finally, the interaction between CircEXOC5 and EZH2, H3k27me3, and Nrf2 promoter regions was clarified using ChIP. CircEXOC5 levels were notably ascended in the lung tissues of septic ALI mice. And silencing circEXOC5 inhibited cell pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines in MPVEC stimulated by LPS. In addition, RIP and ChIP indicated that Nrf2 expression in MPVECs cells could be inhibited by circEXOC5 via recruiting EZH2. In addition, ML385 (a specific inhibitor of Nrf2) reversed the efficacy of Knockdown of circEXOC5 on the Inhibition of pyroptosis and inflammation of MPVEC cells stimulated by LPS. These results indicated that CircEXOC5 could promote cell pyroptosis through epigenetic inhibition of Nrf2 in septic ALI.
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Hirao H, Dery KJ, Kageyama S, Nakamura K, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Heme Oxygenase-1 in liver transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury: From bench-to-bedside. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:75-82. [PMID: 32084514 PMCID: PMC7434658 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a major risk factor for early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and acute or chronic graft rejection, contributes to donor organ shortage for life-saving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The graft injury caused by local ischemia (warm and/or cold) leads to parenchymal cell death and release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), followed by reperfusion-triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of inflammatory cells, hepatocellular damage and ultimate organ failure. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a heat shock protein-32 induced under IR-stress, is an essential component of the cytoprotective mechanism in stressed livers. HO-1 regulates anti-inflammatory responses and may be crucial in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and steatosis. An emerging area of study is macrophage-derived HO-1 and its pivotal intrahepatic homeostatic function played in IRI-OLT. Indeed, ectopic hepatic HO-1 overexpression activates intracellular SIRT1/autophagy axis to serve as a key cellular self-defense mechanism in both mouse and human OLT recipients. Recent translational studies in rodents and human liver transplant patients provide novel insights into HO-1 mediated cytoprotection against sterile hepatic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current bench-to-bedside knowledge on HO-1 molecular signaling and discuss their future therapeutic potential to mitigate IRI in OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirao
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth J Dery
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Surgery, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, 5-7-1 Koji-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2273, Japan
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects the Liver from Septic Injury by Modulating TLR4-Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Control in Mice. Shock 2019; 50:209-218. [PMID: 29028772 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Mitochondrial quality control (QC) is characterized by self-recovering mitochondrial damage through mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and fission/fusion. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts as a signaling molecule to modulate inflammation. The present study elucidated the cytoprotective mechanisms of HO-1 in sepsis, particularly focusing on toll-like receptor (TLR)4-mediated mitochondrial QC. Mice were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mice were injected intraperitoneally with hemin (10 mg/kg) at 12 h before CLP or zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP; 30 mg/kg) at 2 h before CLP. The serum and tissues were collected 6 h after CLP. Mortality, MODS, and proinflammatory cytokines increased in septic mice. These increases were augmented by ZnPP but attenuated by hemin. Hemin decreased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hemin enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, as indicated by increased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Hemin also enhanced mitophagy, as indicated by decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) level and increased Parkin level. Hemin decreased fission-related protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and increased fusion-related protein, mitofusin 2. Hemin attenuated the increased TLR4 expression. TAK-242, a TLR4 antagonist, attenuated mortality, inflammatory response, and impaired mitochondrial QC. Our findings suggest that HO-1 attenuates septic injury by modulating TLR4-mediated mitochondrial QC.
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Jiang L, Jiang Q, Yang S, Huang S, Han X, Duan J, Pan S, Zhao M, Guo S. GYY4137 attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via heme oxygenase-1 modulation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018; 54:77-86. [PMID: 30605726 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GYY4137, a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity and protect against sepsis. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an important anti-inflammatory heat shock protein and plays a similar effect on sepsis. This study investigated the role of GYY4137 in acute lung injury (ALI) via HO-1 regulation. Lung injury was assessed in mice challenged with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects of GYY4137 was investigated in mice and RAW264.7 cells. GYY4137 reduced the LPS-mediated pulmonary injury and neutrophil infiltration, and inhibited the LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Moreover, GYY4137 suppressed the LPS-evoked NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells. GYY4137, not time-expired GYY4137 significantly induced HO-1 expression compared with the LPS group. The beneficial effects of GYY4137 above were reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). These results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect and a therapeutic role of GYY4137 in LPS-induced ALI via HO-1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- School of Statistics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shicong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- The Key Hepatosplenic Surgery Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Pereira MLM, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Could Heme Oxygenase-1 Be a New Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Malaria-Associated Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:161. [PMID: 29868517 PMCID: PMC5964746 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious disease and was responsible for 429,000 deaths in 2015. Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the main clinical complications of severe malaria; it is characterized by a high mortality rate and can even occur after antimalarial treatment when parasitemia is not detected. Rodent models of ALI/ARDS show similar clinical signs as in humans when the rodents are infected with murine Plasmodium. In these models, it was shown that the induction of the enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is protective against severe malaria complications, including cerebral malaria and ALI/ARDS. Increased lung endothelial permeability and upregulation of VEGF and other pro-inflammatory cytokines were found to be associated with malaria-associated ALI/ARDS (MA-ALI/ARDS), and both were reduced after HO-1 induction. Additionally, mice were protected against MA-ALI/ARDS after treatment with carbon monoxide- releasing molecules or with carbon monoxide, which is also released by the HO-1 activity. However, high HO-1 levels in inflammatory cells were associated with the respiratory burst of neutrophils and with an intensification of inflammation during episodes of severe malaria in humans. Here, we review the main aspects of HO-1 in malaria and ALI/ARDS, presenting the dual role of HO-1 and possibilities for therapeutic intervention by modulating this important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L M Pereira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Artesunate Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury Via Heme Oxygenase-1 Modulation. Inflammation 2017; 39:651-62. [PMID: 26627481 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Artesunate, a derivative of artemisinin, has anti-inflammatory properties and exerts protective roles in sepsis. Heme oxygense-1 (HO-1) inhibits the inflammatory response through reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte influx into tissues. The present study investigated the effects of artesunate on HO-1 and septic lung injury. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was employed to induce septic lung injury. Mice pretreated with artesunate (AS) (15 mg/kg) exhibited decreased sepsis-induced mortality and lung injury and alleviated lung pathological changes and neutrophil infiltration. In addition, AS lowered the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) expression and NF-κB activation in lung tissue. In addition, AS enhanced NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation and HO-1 expression and enzymatic activity in lung tissue. However, the protective effects of AS on sepsis-induced lung injury were eliminated by ZnPP IX, an HO-1 competitive inhibitor. Therefore, AS plays protective roles in septic lung injury related to the upregulation of HO-1. These findings suggest an effective and applicable treatment to sepsis-induced lung injury and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms and actions of AS.
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Association of Heme Oxygenase 1 with Lung Protection in Malaria-Associated ALI/ARDS. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4158698. [PMID: 27974865 PMCID: PMC5126464 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4158698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious disease, caused by the parasite of the genus Plasmodium, which was responsible for 440,000 deaths in 2015. Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the main clinical complications in severe malaria. The murine model DBA/2 reproduces the clinical signs of ALI/ARDS in humans, when infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. High levels of HO-1 were reported in cases of severe malaria. Our data indicated that the HO-1 mRNA and protein expression are increased in mice that develop malaria-associated ALI/ARDS (MA-ALI/ARDS). Additionally, the hemin, a HO-1 inducing drug, prevented mice from developing MA-ALI/ARDS when administered prior to the development of MA-ALI/ARDS in this model. Also, hemin treatment showed an amelioration of respiratory parameters in mice, high VEGF levels in the sera, and a decrease in vascular permeability in the lung, which are signs of ALI/ARDS. Therefore, the induction of HO-1 before the development of MA-ALI/ARDS could be protective. However, the increased expression of HO-1 on the onset of MA-ALI/ARDS development may represent an effort to revert the phenotype of this syndrome by the host. We therefore confirm that HO-1 inducing drugs could be used for prevention of MA-ALI/ARDS in humans.
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Ehrnthaller C, Flierl M, Perl M, Denk S, Unnewehr H, Ward PA, Radermacher P, Ignatius A, Gebhard F, Chinnaiyan A, Huber-Lang M. The molecular fingerprint of lung inflammation after blunt chest trauma. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:70. [PMID: 26303896 PMCID: PMC4548898 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After severe blunt chest trauma, the development of an acute lung injury (ALI) is often associated with severe or even lethal complications. Especially in multiple injured patients after blunt chest trauma ALI/ARDS [acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)] is frequent. However, in the initial posttraumatic phase, inflammatory clinical signs are often not apparent and underlying changes in gene-expression profile are unknown. Methods Therefore, inflammation in lung tissue following blunt chest trauma was characterized in a well-defined bilateral lung injury model. Using DNA microarrays representing 9240 genes, the temporal sequence of blunt chest trauma-induced gene-expression patterns in lung tissue was examined. Results The results suggest an activation of a highly complex transcriptional program in response to chest trauma. Chest trauma led to elevated expression levels of inflammatory and coagulatory proteins (such as TNFα receptor, IL-1α, IL-1β, C3, NF-κB and plasminogen activator). However, upregulation of proteins was found, usually incoherent of exerting effects in blunt thoracic trauma (pendrin, resistin, metallothionein and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper). Furthermore, significant downregulation was observed as early as 10 min after trauma for cytokines and complement factors (LCR-1, C4) as well as for intracellular signaling molecules (inhibitory protein phosphatase) and ion-channels (voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel). Conclusions Taken together, the provided global perspective of the inflammatory response following blunt chest trauma could provide a molecular framework for future research in trauma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehrnthaller
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Michael Flierl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA.
| | - Mario Perl
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,BG-Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Denk
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Heike Unnewehr
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Peter A Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Development, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Arul Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Universtiy of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Grailer JJ, Kalbitz M, Zetoune FS, Ward PA. Persistent neutrophil dysfunction and suppression of acute lung injury in mice following cecal ligation and puncture sepsis. J Innate Immun 2014; 6:695-705. [PMID: 24861731 DOI: 10.1159/000362554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, both in humans and in rodents, is associated with persistent immunosuppression accompanied by defects in innate immunity during the acute phase of sepsis. Mice were rendered septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by the induction of acute lung injury, employing distal airway deposition of IgG immune complexes, in order to quantitatively evaluate innate immune responses following the induction of sepsis. Suppression of innate immune responses in the lung occurred as early as 12 h after CLP and up to 21 days thereafter. The mechanism of innate immune defects included a reduced leak of albumin into the lungs together with reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and increased levels of interleukin-10 that were persistent. Bone marrow-derived neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PMNs) from CLP mice also had reduced levels of the activation marker CD11b and a depressed respiratory burst following stimulation in vitro. These results were not observed in mice with endotoxemia, where the innate inflammatory response was preserved. However, sustained lymphopenia was present in both models, suggesting differential regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the two sepsis models. These data indicate that CLP induced a prolonged suppression of inflammatory responses both in the lung and systemically, as defined by bone marrow-derived PMN dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison J Grailer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA
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Luo YP, Jiang L, Kang K, Fei DS, Meng XL, Nan CC, Pan SH, Zhao MR, Zhao MY. Hemin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-induced acute lung injury, involving heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 20:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Heme oxygenase 1 modulates thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor levels to attenuate septic kidney injury. Shock 2014; 40:136-43. [PMID: 23807243 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31829d23f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) on thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) expression in sepsis-induced kidney injury. The role of HO-1 was evaluated in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced model. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: sham, CLP, CLP + hemin (an HO-1 inducer), CLP + ZnPP (zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor), and CLP + bilirubin. Compared with the sham group, the CLP group exhibited significantly elevated plasma levels of cystatin C, creatinine, urea nitrogen (blood urea nitrogen), tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, TM, and EPCR; lower plasma level of activated protein C, shorter prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time; significantly increased microthrombus formation; and lower TM and EPCR mRNA and protein expression in the kidney. The administration of hemin lowered the plasma levels of cystatin C, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, TM, and EPCR; elevated plasma level of activated protein C; prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time; attenuated microthrombus formation; and upregulated the expression of TM and EPCR and mRNA levels of TM and EPCR in the kidney in the CLP + hemin group. In contrast, ZnPP had the opposite effects. The results indicated that the enhanced induction of HO-1 increased the expression of TM and EPCR in the kidney and exerted an anticoagulant effect, thereby attenuating kidney injury in septic rats.
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Cornélio Favarin D, Robison de Oliveira J, Jose Freire de Oliveira C, de Paula Rogerio A. Potential effects of medicinal plants and secondary metabolites on acute lung injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:576479. [PMID: 24224172 PMCID: PMC3810192 DOI: 10.1155/2013/576479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome that causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALI is characterized by increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, edema, uncontrolled neutrophils migration to the lung, and diffuse alveolar damage, leading to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Although corticosteroids remain the mainstay of ALI treatment, they cause significant side effects. Agents of natural origin, such as medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites, mainly those with very few side effects, could be excellent alternatives for ALI treatment. Several studies, including our own, have demonstrated that plant extracts and/or secondary metabolites isolated from them reduce most ALI phenotypes in experimental animal models, including neutrophil recruitment to the lung, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, edema, and vascular permeability. In this review, we summarized these studies and described the anti-inflammatory activity of various plant extracts, such as Ginkgo biloba and Punica granatum, and such secondary metabolites as epigallocatechin-3-gallate and ellagic acid. In addition, we highlight the medical potential of these extracts and plant-derived compounds for treating of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniely Cornélio Favarin
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de ImunoFarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Manoel Carlos 162, 38025-380 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Jhony Robison de Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de ImunoFarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Manoel Carlos 162, 38025-380 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre de Paula Rogerio
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de ImunoFarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Manoel Carlos 162, 38025-380 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Tucsek Z, Gautam T, Sonntag WE, Toth P, Saito H, Salomao R, Szabo C, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Aging exacerbates microvascular endothelial damage induced by circulating factors present in the serum of septic patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012. [PMID: 23183901 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The elderly patients show a significantly elevated mortality rate during sepsis than younger patients, due to their higher propensity to microvascular dysfunction and consequential multiorgan failure. We tested whether aging renders vascular endothelial cells more susceptible to damage induced by inflammatory factors present in the circulation during sepsis. Primary microvascular endothelial cells derived from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats were treated with sera obtained from sepsis patients and healthy controls. Oxidative stress (MitoSox fluorescence), death receptor activation (caspase 8 activity), and apoptotic cell death (caspase 3 activity) induced by treatment with septic sera were exacerbated in aged endothelial cells as compared with responses obtained in young cells. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 and thrombomodulin in response to treatment with septic sera was impaired in aged endothelial cells. Treatment with septic sera elicited greater increases in tumor necrosis factor-α expression in aged endothelial cells, as compared with young cells, whereas induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule did not differ between the two groups. Collectively, aging increases sensitivity of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) to oxidative stress and cellular damage induced by inflammatory factors present in the circulation during septicemia. We hypothesize that these responses may contribute to the increased vulnerability of elderly patients to multiorgan failure associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Tucsek
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Wang X, Cao J, Sun BW, Liu DD, Liang F, Gao L. Exogenous carbon monoxide attenuates inflammatory responses in the small intestine of septic mice. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5719-28. [PMID: 23155312 PMCID: PMC3484340 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i40.5719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether the carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (CORM)-liberated CO suppress inflammatory responses in the small intestine of septic mice.
METHODS: The C57BL/6 mice (male, n = 36; weight 20 ± 2 g) were assigned to four groups in three respective experiments. Sepsis in mice was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (24 h). Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2) (8 mg/kg, i.v.) was administrated immediately after induction of CLP. The levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] in tissue homogenates were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tissues were determined. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) in tissue homogenate were measured and the expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the small intestine were also assessed. NO and IL-8 levels in the supernatants were determined after the human adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 g/mL) for 4 h in vitro.
RESULTS: At 24 h after CLP, histological analysis showed that the ileum and jejunum from CLP mice induced severe edema and sloughing of the villous tips, as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa. Semi-quantitative analysis of histological samples of ileum and jejunum showed that granulocyte infiltration in the septic mice was significantly increased compared to that in the sham group. Administration of CORM-2 significantly decreased granulocyte infiltration. At 24 h after CLP, the tissue MDA levels in the mid-ileum and mid-jejunum significantly increased compared to the sham animals (103.68 ± 23.88 nmol/mL vs 39.66 ± 8.23 nmol/mL, 89.66 ± 9.98 nmol/mL vs 32.32 ± 7.43 nmol/mL, P < 0.01). In vitro administration of CORM-2, tissue MDA levels were significantly decreased (50.65 ± 11.46 nmol/mL, 59.32 ± 6.62 nmol/mL, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the tissue IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the mid-ileum significantly increased compared to the sham animals (6.66 ± 1.09 pg/mL vs 1.67 ± 0.45 pg/mL, 19.34 ± 3.99 pg/mL vs 3.98 ± 0.87 pg/mL, P < 0.01). In vitro administration of CORM-2, tissue IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased (3.87 ± 1.08 pg/mL, 10.45 ± 2.48 pg/mL, P < 0.05). The levels of NO in mid-ileum and mid-jejunum tissue homogenate were also decreased (14.69 ± 2.45 nmol/mL vs 24.36 ± 2.97 nmol/mL, 18.47 ± 2.47 nmol/mL vs 27.33 ± 3.87 nmol/mL, P < 0.05). The expression of iNOS and ICAM-1 in the mid-ileum of septic mice at 24 h after CLP induction significantly increased compared to the sham animals. In vitro administration of CORM-2, expression of iNOS and ICAM-1 were significantly decreased. In parallel, the levels of NO and IL-8 in the supernatants of Caco-2 stimulated by LPS was markedly decreased in CORM-2-treated Caco-2 cells (2.22 ± 0.12 nmol/mL vs 6.25 ± 1.69 nmol/mL, 24.97 ± 3.01 pg/mL vs 49.45 ± 5.11 pg/mL, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: CORM-released CO attenuates the inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β and TNF-α), and suppress the oxidative stress in the small intestine during sepsis by interfering with protein expression of ICAM-1 and iNOS.
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