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Kumar V, Hertz M, Agro A, Byrne AJ. Type 1 invariant natural killer T cells in chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260503. [PMID: 37818376 PMCID: PMC10561218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic tissue inflammation often results in fibrosis characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix components remodeling normal tissue architecture and function. Recent studies have suggested common immune mechanisms despite the complexity of the interactions between tissue-specific fibroblasts, macrophages, and distinct immune cell populations that mediate fibrosis in various tissues. Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognizing lipid antigens bound to CD1d molecules have been shown to play an important role in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Here we review recent data in both experimental models and in humans that suggest a key role of type 1 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activation in the progression of inflammatory cascades leading to recruitment of neutrophils and activation of the inflammasome, macrophages, fibroblasts, and, ultimately, fibrosis. Emerging evidence suggests that iNKT-associated mechanisms contribute to type 1, type 2 and type 3 immune pathways mediating tissue fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Thus, targeting a pathway upstream of these immune mechanisms, such as the inhibition of iNKT activation, may be important in modulating various fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- GRI Bio, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Adam J. Byrne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Jing R, He S, Liao XT, Xie XL, Mo JL, Hu ZK, Dai HJ, Pan LH. Transforming growth factor-β1 attenuates inflammation and lung injury with regulating immune function in ventilator-induced lung injury mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109462. [PMID: 36476487 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a lung injury induced or aggravated by mechanical ventilation. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a cytokine that mediates immune function, enabling inflammatory attenuation and tissue repair. Here, we hypothesized that it plays an important role in the attenuation of VILI and inflammation. Ventilation with high tidal volume was performed on C57BL/6 mice to establish a VILI model. After 4 h of ventilation, mice were sacrificed (end of ventilation [EOV]) or extubated for resuscitation at 4 h (post-ventilation 4 h [PV4h]), 8 h (PV8h) and 24 h post-ventilation (PV1d). Recombinant mouse TGF-β1 (rTGF-β1) and the neutralization antibody of TGF-β1 (nTAb) were used in vivo to examine the effect of TGF-β1 on immune function and inflammatory attenuation in VILI mice. Lung injury was exacerbated at the same trend as the interleukin (IL)-1β level, peaking at PV1d, whereas IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels gradually reduced. Most active phagosomes, swollen round mitochondria, and cavitating lamellar bodies were observed at PV4h. The CD4+ T cells were significantly increased from PV4h to PV1d, and the CD8a + T cells were higher in the PV4h and PV1d groups; furthermore, the mice in the PV8h group showed highest proportion of CD4+CD8a+ T cells and CD4+/CD8a+ ratio. CD19 + and CD5 + CD19 + B cells in VILI mice began to increase at PV1d. The pulmonary expression of latent and monomer TGF-β1 increased at PV4h and PV8h. Treatment of rTGF-β1 only induced high expression of latent and monomer TGF-β1 at EOV to decrease pulmonary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; however, lung injury attenuated from EOV to PV1d. TGF-β1 induced the delayed elevation of CD4+/CD8a+ T cells ratio and activation of pulmonary CD4+CD8a+ double-positive T cells under certain conditions. Elastic fibers and celluloses, although relatively less proteoglycan, were observed with the overexpression of TGF-β1 at PV4h and PV8h. In conclusion, TGF-β1 attenuates the inflammatory response and lung injury of VILI via immune function regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Dysfunction, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Dysfunction, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Dysfunction, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
| | - Xian-Long Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Dysfunction, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jian-Lan Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Dysfunction, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao-Kun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Dysfunction, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
| | - Hui-Jun Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Dysfunction, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China
| | - Ling-Hui Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Basic Science and Prevention of Perioperative Organ Dysfunction, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology, Nanning, China.
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Joelsson JP, Ingthorsson S, Kricker J, Gudjonsson T, Karason S. Ventilator-induced lung-injury in mouse models: Is there a trap? Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:30. [PMID: 34715943 PMCID: PMC8554750 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a serious acute injury to the lung tissue that can develop during mechanical ventilation of patients. Due to the mechanical strain of ventilation, damage can occur in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium resulting in a cascade of events that may be fatal to the patients. Patients requiring mechanical ventilation are often critically ill, which limits the possibility of obtaining patient samples, making VILI research challenging. In vitro models are very important for VILI research, but the complexity of the cellular interactions in multi-organ animals, necessitates in vivo studies where the mouse model is a common choice. However, the settings and duration of ventilation used to create VILI in mice vary greatly, causing uncertainty in interpretation and comparison of results. This review examines approaches to induce VILI in mouse models for the last 10 years, to our best knowledge, summarizing methods and key parameters presented across the studies. The results imply that a more standardized approach is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Petur Joelsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, BioMedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Seltjarnarnes, Iceland.
| | - Saevar Ingthorsson
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, BioMedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Seltjarnarnes, Iceland
| | - Sigurbergur Karason
- Stem Cell Research Unit, BioMedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Intensive Care Unit, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Dhanushkodi NR, Srivastava R, Prakash S, Roy S, Coulon PGA, Vahed H, Nguyen AM, Salazar S, Nguyen L, Amezquita C, Ye C, Nguyen V, BenMohamed L. High Frequency of Gamma Interferon-Producing PLZF loRORγt lo Invariant Natural Killer 1 Cells Infiltrating Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Infected Corneas Is Associated with Asymptomatic Ocular Herpesvirus Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:e00140-20. [PMID: 32102882 PMCID: PMC7163123 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00140-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells are among the first innate immune cells to elicit early protective immunity that controls invading viral pathogens. The role of the iNKT cell subsets iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17 in herpesvirus immunity remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the protective role of cornea-resident iNKT cell subsets using the mouse model of ocular herpesvirus infection and disease. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6) mice and CD1d knockout (KO) mice were infected ocularly with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (strain McKrae). Cornea, spleen, and liver were harvested at 0, 2, 5, 8, and 14 days postinfection (p.i.), and the frequency and function of the three major iNKT cell subsets were analyzed and correlated with symptomatic and asymptomatic corneal herpesvirus infections. The profiles of 16 major pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in corneal lysates using Western blot and Luminex assays. Early during ocular herpesvirus infection (i.e., day 2), the gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing PLZFloRORγtlo (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gT) iNKT1 cell subset was the predominant iNKT cell subset in infected asymptomatic corneas. Moreover, compared to the asymptomatic corneas of HSV-1-infected WT mice, the symptomatic corneas CD1d KO mice, with iNKT cell deficiency, had increased levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreased levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, and the JAK1, STAT1, NF-κB, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways. Our findings suggest that IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells play a role in the protective innate immune response against symptomatic ocular herpes.IMPORTANCE We investigated the protective role of iNKT cell subsets in asymptomatic ocular herpesvirus infection. We found that early during ocular herpesvirus infection (i.e., on day 2 postinfection), IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells were the predominant iNKT cell subset in infected corneas of asymptomatic B6 mice (with little to no corneal herpetic disease), compared to corneas of symptomatic mice (with severe corneal herpetic disease). Moreover, compared to asymptomatic corneas of wild-type (WT) B6 mice, the symptomatic corneas of CD1d KO mice, which lack iNKT cells, showed (i) decreases in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12, (ii) an increase in the level of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6; and (iii) downregulation of the JAK1, STAT1, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 pathways. The findings suggest that early during ocular herpesvirus infection, cornea-resident IFN-γ-producing PLZFloRORγtlo iNKT1 cells provide protection from symptomatic ocular herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pierre-Gregoire A Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Angela M Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Salazar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cassandra Amezquita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Caitlin Ye
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vivianna Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
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Kronenberg M, Lantz O. Mucosal-Resident T Lymphocytes with Invariant Antigen Receptors. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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