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Louie JS. Lessons from Carl M. Pearson 1919 - 1981. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2024; 50:73-77. [PMID: 37973289 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Carl M. Pearson was an energetic and exceptional physician-scholar-leader who founded, established, and broadened the Divisions of Rheumatology at University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) beginning in 1956. His studies to induce myositis by injecting muscle saturated with the heat-killed tubercle bacillus, an emulsifier, and mineral oil (Freund's adjuvant) enabled his report that polyarthritis occurred with Freund's adjuvant alone in certain strains of rat and mice. This model of adjuvant arthritis allowed the next generation of studies to assess therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Louie
- Rheumatology and Arthritis, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Tenazinha C, Barros R, Fonseca JE, Vieira-Sousa E. Histopathology of Psoriatic Arthritis Synovium—A Narrative Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:860813. [PMID: 35847785 PMCID: PMC9283901 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.860813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease associated to type I major histocompatibility complex alleles whose complex pathogenesis is still not completely understood. The psoriatic synovium shares general features of chronic inflammation with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other arthritis, such as hyperplasia of the intimal lining layer, sublining influx of inflammatory cells and neoangiogenesis, but recognizing disease-specific histopathologic findings may help in diagnosis and definition of therapeutic targets. Available literature reports conflicting data regarding the extension of lining hyperplasia, that does not allow depiction from RA. Sublining inflammatory cells consist of T and B cells and macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells and follicular dendritic cells, with a higher amount of overall T, mast cell and IL-17 producing CD8+ T lymphocytes and lower proportion of plasma cells when compared to the rheumatoid synovium. The amount of synovium IL17+ CD8+ T cells correlates positively to measures of disease activity. Lymphoid follicles with characteristics of germinal centers have been identified, similar to the ones described in RA. Neoangiogenesis is more prominent in PsA but can also be an outstanding feature in some RA samples, and different molecules involved in the process appear to have different influence in each disease. IL-17 and IL-22 expression in the synovium does not allow depiction between diseases. Among other cytokines and molecules likely implicated in disease physiopathology, only IL-35 is demonstrated to be reduced in PsA when compared to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Tenazinha
- Department of Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitàrio de Lisboa-Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Catarina Tenazinha,
| | - Rita Barros
- Department of Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitàrio de Lisboa-Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Department of Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitàrio de Lisboa-Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Department of Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitàrio de Lisboa-Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Carvalho AL, Hedrich CM. The Molecular Pathophysiology of Psoriatic Arthritis-The Complex Interplay Between Genetic Predisposition, Epigenetics Factors, and the Microbiome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:662047. [PMID: 33869291 PMCID: PMC8047476 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.662047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a symmetric autoimmune/inflammatory disease that primarily affects the skin. In a significant proportion of cases, it is accompanied by arthritis that can affect any joint, the spine, and/or include enthesitis. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are multifactor disorders characterized by aberrant immune responses in genetically susceptible individuals in the presence of additional (environmental) factors, including changes in microbiota and/or epigenetic marks. Epigenetic changes can be heritable or acquired (e.g., through changes in diet/microbiota or as a response to therapeutics) and, together with genetic factors, contribute to disease expression. In psoriasis, epigenetic alterations are mainly related to cell proliferation, cytokine signaling and microbial tolerance. Understanding the complex interplay between heritable and acquired pathomechanistic factors contributing to the development and maintenance of psoriasis is crucial for the identification and validation of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers, and the introduction of individualized effective and tolerable new treatments. This review summarizes the current understanding of immune activation, genetic, and environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Particular focus is on the interactions between these factors to propose a multifactorial disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Carvalho
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Cafaro G, McInnes IB. Psoriatic arthritis: tissue-directed inflammation? Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:859-868. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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