Histiocytic differentiation in acute monocytic leukemia

Raman spectroscopy differ leukemic cells from their healthy counterparts and screen biomarkers in acute leukemia

Precision medicine is important in the treatment of acute leukemia (AL). The target therapies of AL provide an opportunity to reduce the mortality of AL. How AL cells differ from their healthy counterparts is the basis for the development of therapies and the outcome of AL patients. Therefore, a label-free and noninvasive single-cell Raman platform was used to characterize cell molecular profiles and found potential biomarkers from three healthy people and twelve AL patients with more than 90% accuracy. We analyzed myeloblasts, abnormal promyelocytes, monoblasts and B-ALL cells respectively, compared with their healthy counterparts, which could be distinguished by their intrinsic phenotypic Raman spectra using orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). Most importantly, we selected statistically significant markers of the four leukemia models. Further analysis of leukemic granulocytes, we found that a combination of the 1003, 1341 and 1579 cm^-1 Raman peaks could discriminate myeloblasts and abnormal promyelocytes from normal granulocytes. The assignments of 1579 cm^-1 gave us a clue to find potential important variables myeloperoxidase related with AL diagnosis. Our study demonstrates the capability of the Raman platform to characterize leukemia cells with non-invasively probing metabolites. The biomarker we identified could be extensible to other blood cells and potentially have a high impact on leukemia therapy.