The coexistence of ribosome-lamella complex and annulate lamellae in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Role of Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein in translation machinery and cell chemotaxis: a comparative genomics approach

Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) is linked to a mutation in a single gene. The SBDS proinvolved in RNA metabolism and ribosome-associated functions, but SBDS mutation is primarily linked to a defect in polymorphonuclear leukocytes unable to orient correctly in a spatial gradient of chemoattractants. Results of data mining and comparative genomic approaches undertaken in this study suggest that SBDS protein is also linked to tRNA metabolism and translation initiation. Analysis of crosstalk between translation machinery and cytoskeletal dynamics provides new insights into the cellular chemotactic defects caused by SBDS protein malfunction. The proposed functional interactions provide a new approach to exploit potential targets in the treatment and monitoring of this disease.

Ribosome-lamella complexes in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated with serological immune deficiency

The ribosome-lamella complex (RLC) is a cylindrical structure composed of different numbers of circular lamellae with associated particles, regarded as ribosomes, around a central core. Structures resembling RLC, but lacking the typical mature appearance of RLC, have been called pre-RLC. The authors have found RLCs and pre-RLCs in peripheral lymphocytes of 3 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The fact that CLL patients with RLCs were in early Rai clinical stages, had good clinical prognostic factors, and did not require immediate therapy indicates that RLCs occurred in the early course of some cases of CLL. Moreover, the presence of RLC was associated with hypogammaglobulinemia M.

Ribosome-lamella complexes in injured podocytes: description of a case and review of the literature

Ribosome-lamella complexes (RLCs) are mainly observed in a variety of hematological disorders and occasionally in solid neoplasms and in nonneoplastic diseases. These intracytoplasmic organelles are held to arise from rough endoplasmic reticulum, but, in agreement with more recent literature data, their function is still unclear. Ultrastructural analysis of glomeruli from a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis secondary to metabolic syndrome disclosed significant foot process loss and abundant cytoskeletal proteins in major podocyte processes; two of the latter also displayed RLCs. This is the second report of RLCs in human renal glomerulus. Their close association with cytoskeletal proteins and lysosomes suggests a relationship with abnormal protein biosynthesis.

Ribosome-lamella complexes in the perineurial cells of neurofibromatosis

Ribosome-lamella complexes are occasionally seen in neoplastic disorders of the hematopoietic system, particularly in hairy cell leukemia. However, these structures are rare in epithelial and mesenchymal cells. In this report three tumors from a patient with neuro-fibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) are examined by electron microscopy. Ribosome-lamella complexes were seen in the perineurial cells. This may be the first report of these complexes in nerve sheath tumors.

Ultrastructural changes of chick bursal epithelial cells experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium sp

The ultrastructural changes in the bursal epithelial cells of chickens infected with Cryptosporidium sp. were investigated. The principal features were as follows: deep invaginations or indentations of the nucleus with separate lobulations in some instances, nucleolar hypertrophy with formation of reticular or open nucleolonema, increase or swelling of mitochondria, increase in coated vesicles, ribosomes and well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), increase in mitochondrial-RER association, appearance of small, smooth-membraned vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm, and formation of electron dense fibres. In addition, nuclear bodies, thin-shelled or ring-shaped nucleoli, nucleolar segregation, nucleolar margination, ribo-some-lamella complex, microtubuloreticular complex, disaggregation of polysomes and vesiculation of RER were rarely observed. Most of the ultrastructural changes observed here seemed to be related to a heightened metabolic activity, namely active or increased protein synthesis, in response to the parasitism.

Ribosome-lamella complexes observed in an Epstein-Barr virus-producing B-cell line, infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I

Co-cultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from a 4-year-old boy with infectious mononucleosis, with a human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I)-producing T-cell line resulted in the establishment of an HTLV-I infected Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-producing B-cell line. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of ribosome-lamella complexes (RLCs), in a small proportion of long-term cultured cells. Evidence is presented of continuity between RLC and the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and in some instances there was also an intimate relationship with tubuloreticular structures. The findings support the view that RLC is derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and also provide further evidence of the non-specific nature of RLC in relation to cell type.

The annulate lamellae--from obscurity to spotlight

This review aims to provide a comprehensive and in-depth survey of a cell organelle, the annulate lamellae, that is widely distributed and especially prevalent in both female and male sex cells as well as tumor and cancer cells. The organelle is also present in many somatic cells and plant cells. Emphasis is placed on the contributions that electron microscopy and associated experimental approaches have made in providing information about the distribution, ultrastructure, morphogenesis and relationships of annulate lamellae to other cellular organelles, especially the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum, as well as cell product. An increasing number of experimental manipulations have recently been shown to alter, either increase or decrease, the amount of annulate lamellae and these studies are explored in depth. Information about the origin and morphogenesis of annulate lamellae in different cells is summarized and extensive coverage is given to several hypotheses about possible annulate lamellae function. A detailed bibliography provides a thorough compilation of research dealing with annulate lamellae. A major goal of this extensive review is to generate increased awareness of, and interest in, this cell organelle for students and investigators of the cell who, by bringing current techniques in cell and molecular biology to bear, might focus and intensify studies on the function of an organelle whose precise role in the cell is presently enigmatic.

Concentric membranous bodies in hepatocytes from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Concentric membranous bodies (CMB) are described in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in a liver biopsy from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Histologically, the biopsy showed binucleated hepatocytes and rosette formation with lymphocytic infiltrates in portal fields. Hepatocyte cytoplasm showed focal fatty metamorphosis, focal staining for RNA with azure B at pH 4.0 (which was perchloric acid labile), diffuse alloxan-Schiff staining for protein, and PAS-positive, diastase-sensitive glycogen. By electron microscopy one to three CMB were present in 10-15% of hepatocytes. CMB appeared as concentric, "fingerprint" or parallel arrays of particle-studded, membranous profiles. Other membranous configurations included mazelike forms. The space of Disse was dilated. Bile ductular changes included basement membrane thickening and redoubling and luminal bulging of ductular epithelium devoid of microvilli. CMB have been rarely reported in human hepatoma and have not heretofore been observed in non-neoplastic human liver. Their appearance in hepatocytes in a patient with SLE may reflect an increase in protein synthesis during regeneration.

Ribosome-lamella complex of the lymphocytes in a case of plasmacytic lymphadenopathy with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia

A case of lymphoid hyperplasia with prominent plasmacytic proliferation histologically and with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and anemia clinically was reported. This condition in a 54-year-old Japanese male was probably a type of plasma cell dyscrasia similar to a plasma cell variant of Castleman's disease. About 19% of apparently nonatypical lymphocytes in the biopsy material of this case were found to have ribosome-lamella complexes (RLC) similar to those previously described in patients with hairy cell leukemia and some other hematologic disorders. An intimate association with the rough endoplasmic reticulum of these structures suggested aberrant protein synthesis by B-lymphocytes.