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Jeong Y, Kim S, Lee JA, Kim H. Child and adolescent participation measurement tools and their translations: A systematic review. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13248. [PMID: 38494984 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous participation measurement tools targeting children and youth have been developed. Despite the translation of these tools into specific languages and cultures, the reliability and validity of the translated versions remain uncertain. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aims to identify tools for assessing the participation of children aged 5-18 years and to appraise the psychometric properties of their translated versions. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines was followed. Study titles and abstracts were screened by four independent reviewers. Data were extracted for both original and translated versions of eligible tools. Instrument quality assessments were performed using the Outcome Measures Rating Form Guidelines. Any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. RESULTS Out of the 31 measurement tools examined, 18 tools had at least one translated version available, and among those original measurement tools, a total of 58 translated versions were identified. The most widely translated tool was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (12 languages), and the most frequently translated language was Chinese (7 tools). Most translated versions verified internal consistency and content validity. Only three translated versions were verified inter-rater reliability, and seven translated versions were tested criterion validity with the gold standard tools assessing participation of children (e.g., accelerometer, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and four 24-h recalls). None of the translated versions were tested for intra-rater reliability and responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS These findings can support the selection of psychometrically sound tools for children with disabilities, given their culture and language, and tool quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwha Jeong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-A Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
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Lin CL, Lin HY, Wang PJ. Association between Mastery Motivation, Executive Function, and Daily Participation of Young Children with and without Global Developmental Delays. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:220. [PMID: 38397332 PMCID: PMC10887173 DOI: 10.3390/children11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the group differences in participation level between children with and without global delays and to explore the associations between mastery motivation, executive function, and participation in young children with and without global developmental delays (GDD). Methods: we recruited 26 children with GDD aged 2 to 5 years and 26 children with sex- and mental age-matched developing typically (TD). The participants were assessed child development using the standardized developmental test, and their mothers were asked to fill in questionnaires, including the revised Dimension of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ 18) with preschool version to assess mastery motivation, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function with preschool version (BRIEF-P) to assess executive function, and the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) used to obtain participation levels. Results and conclusions: young children with GDD showed significantly lower participation levels at home, daycare, and community than TD group. We found that for young children, child mastery pleasure, health condition, and total persistence were significant predictors of child participation. Therefore, coaching parents to observe and facilitate their children's motivation and executive function, as well as child developmental abilities, is important in order to enhance children's participation in daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Lin Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Jung Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
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Krieger B, Ederer F, Amann R, Morgenthaler T, Schulze C, Dawal B. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the young children participation and environment measure for its use in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1258377. [PMID: 38239598 PMCID: PMC10794623 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1258377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Concepts such as participation and environment may differ across cultures. Consequently, cultural equivalence must be assured when using a measure like the Young Children Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) in other settings than the original English-speaking contexts. This study aimed to cross-culturally translate and adapt the YC-PEM into German as it is used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Methods Following international guidelines, two translations were compared, and the research and expert team made the first adaptations. Twelve caregivers of children with and without disabilities from three German-speaking countries participated in two rounds of think-aloud interviews. Data were analyzed by content analysis to look for item, semantic, operational, conceptual, and measurement equivalence to reach a cultural equivalence version in German. Results Adaptations were needed in all fields but prominently in item, operational, and conceptual equivalence. Operational equivalence resulted in graphical adaptations in the instructions and questions to make the German version of YC-PEM, YC-PEM (G), more user-friendly. Conclusion This study presents a cross-cultural translation and adaptation process to develop a German version of the YC-PEM suitable for Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. A culturally adapted YC-PEM (G) is now available for research, practice, and further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Krieger
- Institute of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Ederer
- Department of Economic and Social Sciences, Institute for Social Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Services Research, Nordhausen University of Applied Sciences, Nordhausen, Germany
| | - Ruth Amann
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graz University Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Morgenthaler
- Institute of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Christina Schulze
- Institute of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Britta Dawal
- Department of Education and Social Sciences, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
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Villegas VC, Bosak DL, Salgado Z, Phoenix M, Parde N, Teplicky R, Khetani MA. Diversified caregiver input to upgrade the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure for equitable pediatric re/habilitation practice. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2023; 7:87. [PMID: 37639038 PMCID: PMC10462549 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practitioner and family experiences of pediatric re/habilitation can be inequitable. The Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) is an evidence-based and promising electronic patient-reported outcome measure that was designed with and for caregivers for research and practice. This study examined historically minoritized caregivers' responses to revised YC-PEM content modifications and their perspectives on core intelligent virtual agent functionality needed to improve its reach for equitable service design. METHODS Caregivers were recruited during a routine early intervention (EI) service visit and met five inclusion criteria: (1) were 18 + years old; (2) identified as the parent or legal guardian of a child 0-3 years old enrolled in EI services for 3 + months; (3) read, wrote, and spoke English; (4) had Internet and telephone access; and (5) identified as a parent or legal guardian of a Black, non-Hispanic child or as publicly insured. Three rounds of semi-structured cognitive interviews (55-90 min each) used videoconferencing to gather caregiver feedback on their responses to select content modifications while completing YC-PEM, and their ideas for core intelligent virtual agent functionality. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, cross-checked for accuracy, and deductively and inductively content analyzed by multiple staff in three rounds. RESULTS Eight Black, non-Hispanic caregivers from a single urban EI catchment and with diverse income levels (Mdn = $15,001-20,000) were enrolled, with children (M = 21.2 months, SD = 7.73) enrolled in EI. Caregivers proposed three ways to improve comprehension (clarify item wording, remove or simplify terms, add item examples). Environmental item edits prompted caregivers to share how they relate and respond to experiences with interpersonal and institutional discrimination impacting participation. Caregivers characterized three core functions of a virtual agent to strengthen YC-PEM navigation (read question aloud, visual and verbal prompts, more examples and/or definitions). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate four ways that YC-PEM content will be modified to strengthen how providers screen for unmet participation needs and determinants to design pediatric re/habilitation services that are responsive to family priorities. Results also motivate the need for user-centered design of an intelligent virtual agent to strengthen user navigation, prior to undertaking a community-based pragmatic trial of its implementation for equitable practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C Villegas
- Children's Participation in Environment Research Lab, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dianna L Bosak
- Children's Participation in Environment Research Lab, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zurisadai Salgado
- Children's Participation in Environment Research Lab, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle Phoenix
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, USA
| | - Natalie Parde
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Teplicky
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, USA
| | - Mary A Khetani
- Children's Participation in Environment Research Lab, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 316A, Chicago, IL, 60612-7250, USA.
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Coussens M, Bulckmans N, Desoete A, Vanderstraeten G, Van Waelvelde H, Van de Velde D. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Testing of the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) in the Dutch Culture. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SCHOOLS, & EARLY INTERVENTION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2023.2179156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Coussens
- Occupational Therapy program, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niki Bulckmans
- Occupational Therapy program, AP Hogeschool Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Annemie Desoete
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Vanderstraeten
- Occupational Therapy program, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van Waelvelde
- Occupational Therapy program, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van de Velde
- Occupational Therapy program, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Tomas V, Srinivasan R, Kulkarni V, Teplicky R, Anaby D, Khetani M. A guiding process to culturally adapt assessments for participation-focused pediatric practice: the case of the Participation and Environment Measures (PEM). Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:6497-6509. [PMID: 34410207 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1960645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is unprecedented opportunity to evaluate children's participation in diverse cultural contexts, to enhance cross-cultural research, advance the delivery of culturally responsive pediatric rehabilitation, and translate new knowledge on a global scale. The participation concept is complex and heavily influenced by a child's context. Therefore, effectively capturing the participation concept requires valid, reliable, and culturally sensitive participation-focused measures. This perspective paper proposes a structured process for culturally adapting measures of participation for children and youth with disabilities. METHODS Elements of the Applied Cultural Equivalence Framework and Beaton and colleagues' six-step process were used to create a guiding process for culturally adapting a Participation and Environment Measure (PEM) while drawing on two distinct cultural contexts. This process included forward and back language translations, and semi-structured cognitive interviews, to develop adapted versions of the PEM that are ready for psychometric validation. RESULTS Common challenges to culturally adapting PEM content and administration are identified and methodological strategies to mitigate these challenges are proposed. CONCLUSIONS The proposed process can guide rehabilitation specialists and researchers in adapting participation measures that are suitable for their culture. Such a process can facilitate scalable implementation of evidence-based tools to support participation-based practice in the rehabilitation field.Implications for RehabilitationThe use of a systematic process can harmonize efforts by rehabilitation researchers and service providers to effectively culturally adapt pediatric participation measures to optimize its impact for culturally sensitive research and practice targeting participation.Two distinct, yet complementary, illustrative exemplars showcase the range of considerations and strategies, such as by conducting consecutive rounds of cognitive interviews, when teams use this systematic process to cultural adapt a pediatric participation measure.The systematic process outlined in this paper promotes rigor in achieving all elements of cultural equivalency, when feasible, to best ensure that the participation measure is suitable for use in the target cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tomas
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | | | - Rachel Teplicky
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dana Anaby
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mary Khetani
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Srinivasan R, Kulkarni V, Smriti S, Teplicky R, Anaby D. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth to the Indian Context-A Mixed-Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1514. [PMID: 33562602 PMCID: PMC7915983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Culturally appropriate measures enable knowledge transfer and quality improvement of rehabilitation services in diverse contexts. The Applied Cultural Equivalence Framework (ACEF) was used in a two-phased mixed methods study to adapt and evaluate the Participation and Environment Measure-Children and Youth (PEM-CY) in India. Cognitive interviews with caregivers of children with disabilities (n = 15) aged 5-17 years established conceptual, item, semantic, and operational equivalence of the Indian PEM-CY. Construct validity was assessed by comparing PEM-CY scores of children with and without disabilities (n = 130) using a case-control design. Cognitive interviews resulted in operational (60.3%), semantic (26.4%), and item-level (13.2%) modifications in the PEM-CY with no changes at the conceptual level. Internal consistency (n = 130) was acceptable to excellent (0.61-0.87) on most scales. Test-retest reliability (n = 30) was good to excellent (ICC ≥ 0.75, Kappa 0.6-1.0) for most scales. Significant differences in all PEM-CY summary scores were found between children with and without disabilities, except for environmental supports. Children with disabilities had lower scores on frequency and involvement in activities across all settings; their caregivers desired greater change in participation and reported experiencing more environmental barriers across settings. Findings suggest the adapted PEM-CY is a valid and reliable measure for assessing the participation of Indian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Srinivasan
- Ummeed Child Development Center, Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Occupational Therapy, Mumbai 400011, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Vrushali Kulkarni
- Ummeed Child Development Center, Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Occupational Therapy, Mumbai 400011, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Sana Smriti
- Butterflies Child Development Centre, Hyderabad 500081, Telangana, India;
| | - Rachel Teplicky
- CanChild Center for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Dana Anaby
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada;
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Mobbs CA, Spittle AJ, Johnston LM. Participation Measures for Infants and Toddlers Aged Birth to 23 Months: A Systematic Review. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2021; 41:567-589. [PMID: 33771074 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2021.1900488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Participation is a key health outcome; however little is known specifically about how to measure participation of infants and toddlers. The aim of this review was to identify and examine the psychometric properties of participation measures for infants and toddlers aged birth to 23 months according to family of Participation-Related Constructs (fPRC). METHODS Four electronic databases were searched to identify (i) measures available in English, (ii) that quantify at least one participation concept of 'attendance' and/or 'involvement' according to the fPRC, (iii) with psychometric data for infants or toddlers aged from birth to 23 months published in a full text, peer reviewed journal. Psychometric quality was examined using the COSMIN checklist. RESULTS Four measures met the inclusion criteria: Child Engagement in Daily Life (CEDL) measure, Daily Activities of Infants Scale (DAIS), Test of Playfulness (ToP), and Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM). All measured 'attendance' and three also measured 'involvement'. Measures showed unknown to moderate validity and unknown to moderate reliability, with the CEDL reporting the strongest psychometric properties. CONCLUSION There are few measures that evaluate infant and toddler participation. Further research is needed to develop psychometrically sound participation measures that evaluate 'attendance' and 'involvement' for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Mobbs
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leanne M Johnston
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Shi L, Granlund M, Zhao Y, Hwang AW, Kang LJ, Huus K. Transcultural adaptation, content validity and reliability of the instrument 'Picture My Participation' for children and youth with and without intellectual disabilities in mainland China. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 28:147-157. [PMID: 32941109 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1817976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Picture My Participation' (PMP) is a validated questionnaire for assessing participation in everyday activities by children with disabilities in low and middle income countries, but it is not yet available in simplified Chinese. AIM To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the simplified Chinese version of 'Picture My Participation' (PMP-C; Simplified) and explore its validity and reliability. METHODS A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted using PMP-C (Simplified) with structured interviews supported by pictures for children and youth with and without intellectual disabilities (ID) in mainland China. The validity of the PMP-C (Simplified) was demonstrated by face validity and content validity while the reliability was evaluated for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. RESULTS Five items were slightly modified and eight pictures were revised to improve their fit with the culture of mainland China. All the items in PMP-C (Simplified) had excellent content validity, and face validity. The internal consistency, reliability coefficient and test-retest reliability of the subscale attendance for children and youth with and without ID were excellent. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence of the content validity of PMP-C (Simplified) items and reliability of the subscale attendance for use with children and youth in mainland China has been gathered. However, psychometric properties in terms of construct validity for the whole instrument and reliability for the engagement subscale need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Shi
- CHILD Research group, Swedish Institute of Disability Research, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mats Granlund
- CHILD Research group, Swedish Institute of Disability Research, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai-Wen Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,The Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ju Kang
- Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,The Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Karina Huus
- CHILD Research group, Swedish Institute of Disability Research, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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A Systematic Review on Clinimetric Properties of Play Instruments for Occupational Therapy Practice. Occup Ther Int 2020; 2020:2490519. [PMID: 32821250 PMCID: PMC7416293 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2490519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Play is considered the main occupation for children. Pediatric occupational therapists utilize play either for evaluation or intervention purpose. However, play is not properly measured by occupational therapists, and the use of play instrument is limited. This systematic review was aimed at identifying play instruments relevant to occupational therapy practice and its clinimetric properties. A systematic search was conducted on six databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection, Scopus, and ASEAN Citation Index) in January 2020. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using Law and MacDermid's Appraisal for Clinical Measurement Research Reports, and psychometric properties of play instruments were evaluated using Terwee's checklist while the clinical utility is extracted from each instrument. Initial search identifies 1,098 articles, and only 30 articles were included in the final analysis, extracting 8 play instruments. These instruments were predominantly practiced in the Western culture, which consists of several psychometric evidences. The Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale is considered the most extensive and comprehensive play instrument for extrinsic aspect, whereas the Test of Playfulness + Test of Environmental Supportiveness Unifying Measure is a promising play instrument for intrinsic aspect on play, where both instruments utilize observation. My Child's Play is a potential questionnaire-based play instrument. However, the current development of play instruments in the occupational therapy field is immature and constantly evolving, and occupational therapists should exercise good clinical reasoning when selecting a play instrument to use in practice.
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Chien CW, Leung C, Schoeb V, Au A. A Chinese version of the young children's participation and environment measure: psychometric evaluation in a Hong Kong sample. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3061-3069. [PMID: 32096426 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1727032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the psychometric properties of a Chinese-translated version of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure was translated into Chinese using cultural adaptation by adding/replacing with activities relevant to Chinese culture. Parents of 53 children aged 2-5 years with developmental disabilities and of 50 typical developing children completed the questionnaires. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, known-group validity, and discriminant validity were examined using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients respectively. RESULTS Internal consistency was acceptable for most scales (α = 0.42-0.89). Test-retest reliability of the summary scores was moderate to high for all scales (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.65-0.90). Known-group validity was supported by demonstrating significant differences by disability status in all community participation scales, two daycare/preschool participation scales, and one home participation scale. Low or negative correlations between the scores of some scales and children's cognition (ρ = 0.27-0.32; -0.36-to-0.35) and parental stress (ρ = -0.42-to-0.31) supported discriminant validity. CONCLUSION This study provided psychometric evidence supporting the use of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure to assess Chinese children's participation and environmental support.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure is translated into Chinese using a cultural adaptation process.The Chinese version of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure demonstrates evidence for internal consistency, test-retest reliability (including the minimal detectable change).The Chinese version of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure demonstrates evidence for known-group validity and discriminant validity.The Chinese version of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure holds promise for use in children aged 2-5 years to assess their participation and identify environmental barriers warranting intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wen Chien
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Cynthia Leung
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Veronika Schoeb
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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12
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Chien CW, Li-Tsang CWP, Cheung PPP, Leung KY, Lin CY. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:2204-2214. [PMID: 31081396 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1553210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To adapt the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth for use with Chinese children and youths, and to investigate its psychometric properties.Materials and methods: The Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth was translated into Chinese using a cultural adaptation process. Parents of 69 children aged 5-12 years with disabilities and 319 children without disabilities completed the questionnaires. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factorial structure, and known-group validity were examined using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and t-test, respectively.Results: We added and/or replaced activities with culturally-relevant activities in the Chinese version. Internal consistency was acceptable for most of the scales (0.55-0.86). Test-retest reliability of the summary scores was moderate to high (0.70-0.84). Data-model fit was confirmed in a one-factor structure for the participation scales and a two-factor structure for the environment scales. There were also significant differences in the summary scores between 65 gender- and age-matched pairs of children with and without disabilities on the school participation scales and all the environment scales.Conclusion: This study provides psychometric evidence supporting the use of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth to assess Chinese children's participation and environmental supports/barriers.Implications for rehabilitationThe Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth was developed through a rigorous translation and cultural adaptation process.There is evidence for the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability) and construct validity (factorial structure and known-group validity) of the Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth.The Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth can be used to assess children's participation in home, school and community settings and to identify environmental barriers that require further intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wen Chien
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Cecilia W P Li-Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Phoebe Pui Pui Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Ka-Yan Leung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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13
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Åström FM, Khetani M, Axelsson AK. Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure: Swedish Cultural Adaptation. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2018; 38:329-342. [PMID: 28467126 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2017.1318430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) for use by caregivers of Swedish children with and without disabilities, aged 2-5 years. METHODS Thirteen cognitive interviews and two focus groups with caregivers of children with and without disabilities were conducted to evaluate the cultural relevance of YC-PEM content for use in Sweden. Per participant feedback, a revised version of the Swedish YC-PEM was created and pilot tested with caregivers of children with disabilities (n = 11) and children with typical development (n = 22). RESULTS User feedback informed content revisions to 7% of items. Internal consistency estimates of the Swedish YC-PEM pilot version were acceptable and ranged from .70 to .92 for all but two of the YC-PEM scales. Mean percentage agreement between raters ranged from 47% to 93% across YC-PEM scales for inter-rater, and 44% to 86% for test-retest. One of twelve YC-PEM scales revealed significant group differences between young children with and without disabilities. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes preliminary evidence for the use of some scales within a culturally adapted YC-PEM in Sweden. Further validation with larger samples will allow for parametric testing to evaluate its psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Marie Åström
- a Swedish Institute for Disability Research, CHILD Research Group , Jönköping University , Jönköping , Sweden
| | - Mary Khetani
- b Department of Occupational Therapy , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA.,c Department of Disability and Human Development , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Anna Karin Axelsson
- a Swedish Institute for Disability Research, CHILD Research Group , Jönköping University , Jönköping , Sweden
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Khetani MA, Lim HK, Corden ME. Caregiver Input to Optimize the Design of a Pediatric Care Planning Guide for Rehabilitation: Descriptive Study. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2017; 4:e10. [PMID: 29066421 PMCID: PMC5676028 DOI: 10.2196/rehab.7566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caregiver input has informed the design of a valid electronic patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure for use in pediatric rehabilitation. This proxy assessment may be further developed to expedite and enhance patient-centered care planning processes, but user input is first needed to finalize the core requirements that will guide its design. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of a stepwise process for building on a baseline assessment of young children's participation in activities to develop a care plan relevant to pediatric rehabilitation. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed using qualitative methods. Data were collected via Web-based technology and by telephone. Twenty-five caregivers of young children (9 with developmental delays, 16 without delays) and between 1 and 7 years were recruited from a subsample of parents who had previously enrolled in a Web-based validation of a PRO on children’s participation and provided consent for future contact. Each caregiver completed a demographic questionnaire and Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) online, followed by a 20- to 60-min semistructured and audiotaped phone interview to review and build upon PRO results as summarized in an electronic report. Interview data were content coded to the interview guide and reviewed by multiple research staff to estimate feasibility according to stepwise completion rates, perceptions of difficulty in step completion, and perceptions of overall utility. Results Half of the participants in the final study sample (N=25) fully completed a stepwise process of building on their baseline PRO assessment to develop an initial care plan for their child. In most cases, similar stepwise completion rates and trends in the approaches taken for step completion were found regardless of the child’s disability status. However, more parents of children with disabilities reported difficulties in rank ordering their priorities for change and identified child-focused strategies for goal attainment. Nearly 77% (19/25) of users were willing to use the process to develop and communicate intervention priorities and strategies with professionals, family, and friends. Conclusions Results informed revisions to the care planning guide before usability and feasibility testing of an initial Web-based prototype that is now underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Khetani
- Children's Participation in Environment Research Lab, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Heather K Lim
- Children's Participation in Environment Research Lab, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marya E Corden
- Children's Participation in Environment Research Lab, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Arestad KE, MacPhee D, Lim CY, Khetani MA. Cultural adaptation of a pediatric functional assessment for rehabilitation outcomes research. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:658. [PMID: 28915817 PMCID: PMC5603009 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Significant racial and ethnic health care disparities experienced by Hispanic children with special health care needs (CSHCN) create barriers to enacting culturally competent rehabilitation services. One way to minimize the impact of disparities in rehabilitation is to equip practitioners with culturally relevant functional assessments to accurately determine service needs. Current approaches to culturally adapting assessments have three major limitations: use of inconsistent translation processes; current processes assess for some, but not all, elements of cultural equivalence; and limited evidence to guide decision making about whether to undertake cultural adaptation with and without language translation. The aims of this observational study are (a) to examine similarities and differences of culturally adapting a pediatric functional assessment with and without language translation, and (b) to examine the feasibility of cultural adaptation processes. Methods The Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM), a pediatric functional assessment, underwent cultural adaptation (i.e., language translation and cognitive testing) to establish Spanish and English pilot versions for use by caregivers of young CSHCN of Mexican descent. Following language translation to develop a Spanish YC-PEM pilot version, 7 caregivers (4 Spanish-speaking; 3 English-speaking) completed cognitive testing to inform decisions regarding content revisions to English and Spanish YC-PEM versions. Participant responses were content coded to established cultural equivalencies. Coded data were summed to draw comparisons on the number of revisions needed to achieve cultural equivalence between the two versions. Feasibility was assessed according to process data and data quality. Results Results suggest more revisions are required to achieve cultural equivalence for the translated (Spanish) version of the YC-PEM. However, issues around how the participation outcome is conceptualized were identified in both versions. Feasibility results indicate that language translation processes require high resource investment, but may increase translation quality. However, use of questionnaires versus interview methods for cognitive testing may have limited data saturation. Conclusions Results lend preliminary support to the need for and feasibility of cultural adaptation with and without language translation. Results inform decisions surrounding cultural adaptations with and without language translation and thereby enhance cultural competence and quality assessment of healthcare need within pediatric rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Arestad
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Occupational Therapy Building, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1573, USA
| | - David MacPhee
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Behavioral Sciences Building 319, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570, USA
| | - Chun Y Lim
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Rd, #05-06 Boon Siew Building, 75 Bukit Timah, 229833, Singapore
| | - Mary A Khetani
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 316A, Chicago, IL, 60612-7250, USA.
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Benjamin TE, Lucas-Thompson RG, Little LM, Davies PL, Khetani MA. Participation in Early Childhood Educational Environments for Young Children with and Without Developmental Disabilities and Delays: A Mixed Methods Study. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2017; 37:87-107. [PMID: 26930134 PMCID: PMC5209297 DOI: 10.3109/01942638.2015.1130007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This mixed methods study examined: 1) how young children with and without developmental disabilities and delays participate in daycare or preschool activities; 2) similarities and differences in environmental factors impacting daycare or preschool participation; and 3) strategies used by parents who desired a change in their child's participation. METHODS Data were drawn from 129 parents of young children with and without developmental disabilities and delays (mean age = 49.3 months) residing in North America. Summary and item-level group differences based on disability status were assessed for participation and environmental supports to participation. Narrative data on parental strategies were content coded, transformed into numerical counts, and summarized to identify strategies commonly employed by parents to promote their child's participation. RESULTS Moderate to large disability related group differences in participation and environmental support to participation were found even after controlling for confounding effects of child age, child gender, and family income. Parents commonly described strategies focused on "child care tasks" and "child peer groups," irrespective of the type(s) of change they desired. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that discrepancies in school participation between young children with and without disabilities and delays can be detected and intervened on during the early childhood period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya E Benjamin
- a Department of Occupational Therapy , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- a Department of Occupational Therapy , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Lauren M Little
- b Department of Occupational Therapy Education , University of Kansas , Kansas City , Kansas , USA
| | - Patricia L Davies
- a Department of Occupational Therapy , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Mary A Khetani
- a Department of Occupational Therapy , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
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Lim CY, Law M, Khetani M, Pollock N, Rosenbaum P. Participation in Out-of-Home Environments for Young Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2016; 36:112-25. [PMID: 27618847 DOI: 10.1177/1539449216659859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines caregivers' perceptions of participation patterns and environmental supports and barriers for young children with and without developmental disabilities within their child care/preschool and community settings. The Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) was completed by 151 parents of Singaporean children (0-7 years old) with and without developmental disabilities. Setting-specific summary and item-level scores of these children were compared using ANCOVA, Mann-Whitney U, and Pearson chi-square tests. Children with developmental disabilities had significantly lower participation and environment summary scores in both settings as compared with children without developmental disabilities (p < .05; [Formula: see text] = 0.03-0.31). Group differences were also evident at the item level, particularly when comparing the percentage of parents who desire change in their child's activity participation. Adequate financial support, public awareness, programs, and services have been identified as environmental factors that are potentially important to parents of children with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yi Lim
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mary Law
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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