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Wu M, Kim J, Gaebler-Spira D. Improving trunk posture control in children with CP through a cable-driven robotic hippotherapy: A randomized controlled feasibility study. Gait Posture 2024; 113:209-214. [PMID: 38943825 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children with cerebral palsy (CP) show impairments in trunk posture control, one crucial factor contributing to impairments in gait and arm manipulation. RESEARCH QUESTION The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of the cable-driven hippotherapy system on improving trunk posture control and walking function in children with CP. METHOD Ten children were recruited in this study with average age 6.4 ± 3.0 years old, and were randomly assigned to the robotic group and the conventional balance training group. A custom designed cable-driven robotic hippotherapy system was used to deliver controlled pelvis perturbations while children were sitting astride. Participants from both groups underwent intensive robotic hippotherapy training or conventional balance training, depending on their group assignment, for 6 weeks (3 time/week). Outcome measures were assessed pre and post 6 weeks of robotic or conventional balance training, and 8 weeks after the end of training (follow-up test). The primary outcome measure was trunk control, which was measured using the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS). In addition, the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66), self-selected overground walking speed, and 6-minute walking distance were also assessed. RESULTS The change in TCMS score from baseline to the post intervention was significantly greater for the robotic group than that for the conventional group (i.e., 6 ± 3 vs. -1 ± 5, p = 0.048, Mann-Whitney test). GMFM scores, self-selected overground walking speed, and 6-minute walking distance showed no significant improvement after robotic hippotherapy and after conventional balance training (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Results from this study indicated that it was feasible to improve trunk posture control in children with CP using a cable-driven robotic hippotherapy system. Knowledge obtained from this study may provide an insight for the development of new perturbation-based intervention approaches for improving trunk posture control in children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Legs and Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Janis Kim
- Legs and Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah Gaebler-Spira
- Legs and Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Korka ZG, Dehkordi SN, Sohani SM, Yassin M. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the trunk impairment scale in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 81:105098. [PMID: 38000131 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to provide an important measuring tool for the assessment, prognosis of recovery, and treatment of people with multiple sclerosis (PWMS), the aim of this research is to examine the validity and reliability of the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) in Persian. METHODS The research included 105 PWMS. The TIS questionnaire was translated and culturally equivalent according to the IQOLA approach. The Intra Class Correlations (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha were used to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Barthel Index (BI), Time Up and Go (TUG), Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12), and Trunk Control Test (TCT) scores were correlated with the TIS score in order to assess validity. RESULTS 86 of 105 participants in this study were female. For several subscales, the ICC correlation coefficient ranged from 0.89 to 0.98. The Cronbach's alpha value of the TIS total score indicates that the TIS questionnaire has quite good internal consistency. (Cronbach's alpha=0.97). The TIS and the MSWS-12, BI, TUG, and TCT questionnaires have correlation coefficients of 0.78, 0.72, 0.60, and 0.71, respectively, indicating strong construct and concurrent validity. CONCLUSION The results of the research showed that the TIS in Persian is a relevant and reliable tool for assessing trunk abnormalities in Persian-speaking PWMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghadimi Korka
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Noorizadeh Dehkordi
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheil Mansour Sohani
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Yassin
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Katırcı E, Adıgüzel H, Katırcı Kırmacı Zİ, Ergun N. The relationship between the backward walking and proprioception, trunk control, and muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2391-2399. [PMID: 36604372 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was planned to determine the factors affecting backward walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS The study included 30 children with CP, with a mean age of 10.43 ± 2.76 years. Backward walking abilities were evaluated with the 3-Meter Back Walk Test (3MBWT). A digital goniometer was used to evaluate proprioception, the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) was used for trunk control, a digital muscle dynamometer was used for muscle strength, and the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) was used for gait evaluation. RESULTS When the spasticity of children at levels I and II according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was compared, a significant difference was found in favor of level I in hamstring, gastro-soleus, and gastrocnemius spasticity (p < 0.05). When the results of the 3MBWT, TCMS, and FAQ were compared, a significant difference was found in favor of level I (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was revealed between the 3MBWT and lower extremity proprioception and TCMS (p > 0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between the 3MBWT and FAQ (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the 3MBWT and lower extremity muscle strengths (p > 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found only between hip extension proprioception and iliopsoas muscle strength (p = 0.023). There was no significant correlation between the FAQ and lower extremity muscle strength (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION It was revealed that the backward walking ability increased as the forward walking function improved in children with CP, but it was not affected by proprioception, trunk control, and muscle strength. CLINICAL TRIALS NCT05088629 (10/11/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Katırcı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, SANKO University, 27090, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hatice Adıgüzel
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 46100, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Zekiye İpek Katırcı Kırmacı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 46100, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Ergun
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, SANKO University, 27090, Gaziantep, Turkey
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López-Ruiz J, Estrada-Barranco C, Martín-Gómez C, Egea-Gámez RM, Valera-Calero JA, Martín-Casas P, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I. Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS): Psychometric Properties of Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20065144. [PMID: 36982053 PMCID: PMC10049461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a Spanish Version of the Trunk Measurement Scale (TCMS-S) to analyze its validity and reliability and determine the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Participants were assessed twice 7-15 days apart with the TCMS-S and once with the Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 (GMFM-88), Pediatric Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life (CPQoL), and Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS). Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, and the intraclass correlation (ICC) and kappa coefficients were used to investigate the agreement between the assessments. Finally, 96 participants with CP were included. The TCMS-S showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95 [0.93 to 0.96]); was highly correlated with the GMFM-88 (rho = 0.816) and the "mobility" subscale of the PEDI-CAT (rho = 0.760); showed a moderate correlation with the "feeling about functioning" CPQoL subscale (rho = 0.576); and differentiated between the GMFCS levels. Excellent test-retest agreement was found for the total and subscale scores (ICC ≥ 0.94 [0.89 to 0.97). For the total TCMS-S score, an SEM of 1.86 and an MDC of 5.15 were found. The TCMS-S is a valid and reliable tool for assessing trunk control in children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Ruiz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.-R.); (C.E.-B.)
- Doctoral Program in Healthcare, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry. University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.V.-C.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
| | - Cecilia Estrada-Barranco
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.-R.); (C.E.-B.)
| | | | - Rosa M. Egea-Gámez
- Spinal Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.V.-C.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
- InPhysio Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Martín-Casas
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.V.-C.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
- InPhysio Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.V.-C.); (I.L.-d.-U.-V.)
- InPhysio Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Dasoju V, Kovela RK, Tedla JS, Sangadala DR, Reddy RS. Psychometric properties of trunk impairment scale in children with spastic diplegia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18529. [PMID: 34535713 PMCID: PMC8448770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) is a valid and reliable tool to assess trunk impairment in children with heterogeneous cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the TIS in assessing children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. The sample was a total of 30 subjects (15 = boys, 15 = girls). All subjects underwent an assessment of the sitting component of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 and TIS by rater 1. Rater one observed video recordings within 24 h and scored TIS for intra-rater reliability, while rater two did likewise after 48 h for inter-rater reliability. The mean and standard deviation of the TIS and sitting components of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 were 15.66 ± 4.20 and 52.36 ± 6.26, respectively. We established intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the TIS with Intra Class Correlation Coefficient 0.991 and 0.972, respectively. The concurrent validity of the TIS with the sitting component of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 was good, with an r-value of 0.844 (p < 0.001). This study showed the excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and high concurrent validity of the TIS in assessing children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedasri Dasoju
- Department of Physical Therapy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Rakesh Krishna Kovela
- Department of Neuro Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jaya Shanker Tedla
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Devika Rani Sangadala
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Bilek F, Tekin F. Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Postural Control and Balance in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:2621-2637. [PMID: 34474622 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211044057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) applied to paraspinal muscles on balance and postural control in children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP). A total of 32 children with unilateral CP were included in the study. The children participated in a one-session control to evaluate their reactions to ESWT before randomly assigning them into experimental and control groups. We evaluated children twice: before and after the treatment. We used the Trunk Control Measurement Scale, Trunk Impairment Scale, Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in these assessments. Following the pre-test session, we applied Neuro-Developmental Treatment (NDT) programs to both groups at the rate of twice per week for eight weeks; additionally, we applied ESWT only to the experimental group at the rate of twice a week for eight weeks. While there were trends toward increased trunk control skills, PBS scores and TUG test performances from pre- to post-testing in both groups, these improvements were only statistically significant in the experimental group (p < 0.05). We conclude that for children with unilateral CP, ESWT applied to paraspinal muscles has significant additive value when combined with NDT to improve postural control and balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Bilek
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tekin
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Meyns P, Blanckaert I, Bras C, Jacobs N, Harlaar J, van de Pol L, Plasschaert F, Van Waelvelde H, Buizer AI. Exergaming improves balance in children with spastic cerebral palsy with low balance performance: results from a multicenter controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5990-5999. [PMID: 34365883 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1954704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies investigating the effectiveness of exergame balance-training (using video-games) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) yielded inconsistent results that could be related to underpowered studies. Therefore, in this multicenter intervention study, we investigated whether exergaming improves balance clinically in spastic CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 35 children with unilateral or bilateral spastic CP (GMFCS-level I-II) were included (age-range: 7-16 years); 16 at VUMC (trial: NTR6034), 19 at UHG (trial: NCT03219112). All participants received care as usual. The intervention group (n = 24) additionally performed exergame-training; 6-8 weeks home-based X-box One Kinect training focused on balance. Balance performance was assessed with the pediatric balance scale (PBS) and two subscales of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2nd edition ("balance" [BOTbal] and "running speed and agility" [BOTrsa]). Mixed model ANOVAs with between and within factors were used to test differences between and within groups. RESULTS On group level, no post-intervention differences were found between the intervention and control group (PBS: p = 0.248, ηp2 = 0.040; BOTbal: p = 0.374, ηp2 = 0.024; BOTrsa: p = 0.841, ηp2 = 0.001). Distribution of CP-symptoms (unilateral versus bilateral) did not affect training (PBS: p = 0.373, ηp2 = 0.036; BOTbal: p = 0.127, ηp2 = 0.103; BOTrsa: p = 0.474, ηp2 = 0.024). Children with low baseline balance performance (based on PBS) in the intervention group showed improvements in balance performance after training (PBS: p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.304; BOTbal: p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.258), whereas children with high baseline balance performance did not. CONCLUSIONS This exergame-training resulted in balance improvements for the current population of CP that had a low baseline function.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONExergame-training (training using video-games) shows mixed results in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Children with spastic CP (GMFCS level I-II) with a high baseline balance-level did not show functional balance improvements after this home-based exergame-training, suggesting that these children should not be enrolled in this type of exergame-training protocol.Children with spastic CP (GMFCS level I-II) with a low baseline balance-level showed clinically relevant functional balance improvements after this home-based exergame-training, suggesting that these children can benefit from enrolment in this type of exergame-training protocol to improve their balance.The distribution of CP-symptoms did not affect the effectiveness of this balance exergame-training in children with spastic CP with GMFCS-level I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Meyns
- Rehabilitation Research (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ian Blanckaert
- Pediatric Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chloé Bras
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Jacobs
- Rehabilitation Research (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jaap Harlaar
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biomechatronics and Human-Machine Control, Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van de Pol
- Child Neurology, Amsterdam UMC locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Plasschaert
- Cerebral Palsy Reference Center, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Human Structure and Repair, Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van Waelvelde
- Pediatric Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke I Buizer
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sato K, Maeda K, Ogawa T, Shimizu A, Nagami S, Nagano A, Murotani K, Inoue T, Suenaga M. The functional assessment for control of trunk (FACT): An assessment tool for trunk function in stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48:59-66. [PMID: 33386820 DOI: 10.3233/nre-201533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Functional Assessment for Control of Trunk (FACT) was developed to evaluate trunk function after stroke. However, only a few studies used FACT to show functional outcome. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to validate the FACT predictive ability for functional outcome following stroke and create an English version of the FACT. METHODS This retrospective, observational study was conducted with patients aged≥65 years with stroke. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median FACT score at admission: trunk impairment or high trunk function group. Multiple regression analysis was performed for Functional Independence Measure (FIM) gain and FIM efficiency to examine the relationship between trunk function assessed by FACT at admission and functional prognosis. RESULTS 105 participants (mean age, 80.2±7.6, 57.1%were men) were included. Of these, 48 (45.7%) and 57 (54.3%) were categorized to the trunk impairment group and high trunk function group, respectively. FACT score at admission was associated with FIM gain (coefficient = 0.875, P = 0.001) and FIM efficiency (coefficient = 0.015, P = 0.016) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Trunk impairment at admission assessed by FACT could predict functional prognosis. The English version of FACT was created and further demonstrated the validity of FACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sato
- Okinawa Chuzan Clinical Research Center, Chuzan Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Okinawa Chuzan Clinical Research Center, Chuzan Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chuzan Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Department of Nutrition, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nagami
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ayano Nagano
- Department of Nursing Care, Nishinomiya Kyoritsu Neurosurgical Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Asahimachi, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Inoue
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Suenaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chuzan Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
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9
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Facilitating new movement strategies: Equine assisted physiotherapy for children with cerebral palsy. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 26:364-373. [PMID: 33992271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine Assisted Physiotherapy (EAPT) offers children with cerebral palsy (CP) opportunities for new movement experiences, and may influence movement qualities. Descriptions of how, and to what extent EAPT affects trunk control is missing. The aim of this study was to explore if, and how changes in trunk control and changes in other movement aspects were observable in children with CP during EAPT, and if potential changes in trunk control could be measured. METHOD A multiple case study with a mixed methods design was completed. Two children with CP, GMFCS grade 1, were observed using video during a period of six months, and tested with Trunk Impairment Scale modified Norwegian Version. Skilled physiotherapists analyzed the videos qualitatively, and triangulated recurring changes in movement with the results from the test. RESULTS Riding bareback, improvements in trunk control were observed and measured. However, riding in a saddle led to reduced trunk control. Other observable movement changes were: from asymmetry to symmetry, adaptation to rhythm, mastery of riding skills, and reduced loss of postural control. Increased instances of adapting own movements in spontaneous dialogue with the horse, were observed. Instructions and feedback from the therapist influenced the dialogue with the horse both positively and negatively. CONCLUSION This study describes in detail how balance and symmetry can be stimulated during EAPT in a body characterized by imbalance and asymmetry. During EAPT, the children gained the possibility to explore new movement qualities. Equipment and feedback influenced movement qualities.
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10
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Ravizzotti E, Vercelli S, Pellicciari L, Furmanek MP, Zagnoni G, Piscitelli D. Reliability and Validity of the Trunk Control Measurement Scale Among Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy in Tanzania. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 128:731-745. [PMID: 33357090 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520983701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) among children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were living in Tanzania. Two physiotherapy trainees, each blinded to the other's test findings, independently administered the TCMS to 38 children with CP (16 female; M age = 7.2, SD = 4.8 years) twice over sessions separated by a 30-day interval. We assessed internal consistency and intra/inter-rater reliability using Cronbach's alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), respectively. We examined measurement error through Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC). We assessed construct validity with Spearman's correlation coefficient between the TCMS and both the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS). We found a frank floor effect. Internal consistency (α = 0.945) and reliability indices were excellent for the total scale (ICC for intra-rater reliability = 0.985, inter- reliability = 0.997) and for each sub-scale score. We found low values of SEM (1.7 points) and MDC (4.8 points). Construct validity was supported by moderate and strong correlations between the TCMS and the GMFCS and MACS in this sample. We conclude that the psychometric properties of the TMCS support its clinical and research use for youth with CP in low-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Vercelli
- Laboratory of Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders Assessment, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mariusz P Furmanek
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Science, Bouvé College of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. United States
| | - Giulia Zagnoni
- Nyumba Ali Organization, Bologna, Italy.,School of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Piscitelli
- Nyumba Ali Organization, Bologna, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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11
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Accelerometric Assessment of Postural Balance in Children: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010008. [PMID: 33375206 PMCID: PMC7822105 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct development of postural control in children is fundamental to ensure that they fully reach their psychomotor capacities. However, this capacity is one of the least studied in the clinical and academic scope regarding children. The objective of this study was to analyze the degree of implementation of accelerometry as an evaluation technique for postural control in children and how it is being used. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, SpringerLink, SportsDiscus, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science with the following terms: balance, postural control, children, kids, accelerometry, and accelerometer. RESULTS The search generated a total of 18 articles. Two groups of studies were differentiated: those which exclusively included healthy individuals (n = 5) and those which included children with pathologies (n = 13). Accelerometry is being used in children mainly to assess the gait and static balance, as well as to identify the differences between healthy children and children with developmental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Accelerometry has a discrete degree of implementation as an evaluation tool to assess postural control. It is necessary to define a systematic method for the evaluation of postural control in pediatrics, in order to delve into the development of this capacity and its alterations in different neurodevelopmental disorders.
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12
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van der Linden ML, Corrigan O, Tennant N, Verheul MHG. Cluster analysis of impairment measures to inform an evidence-based classification structure in RaceRunning, a new World Para Athletics event for athletes with hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:159-166. [PMID: 33337948 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1860360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RaceRunning enables athletes with limited or no walking ability to propel themselves independently using a three-wheeled frame that has a saddle, handle bars and a chest plate. For RaceRunning to be included as a para athletics event, an evidence-based classification system is required. This study assessed the impact of trunk control and lower limb impairment measures on RaceRunning performance and evaluated whether cluster analysis of these impairment measures produces a valid classification structure for RaceRunning. The Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE), the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS), and knee extension were recorded for 26 RaceRunning athletes. Thirteen male and 13 female athletes aged 24 (SD = 7) years participated. All impairment measures were significantly correlated with performance (rho = 0.55-0.74). Using ASAS, SCALE, TCMS and knee extension as cluster variables in a two-step cluster analysis resulted in two clusters of athletes. Race speed and the impairment measures were significantly different between the clusters (p < 0.001). The findings of this study provide evidence for the utility of the selected impairment measures in an evidence-based classification system for RaceRunning athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orla Corrigan
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Tennant
- Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martine H G Verheul
- Human Performance Science Research Group, Institute for Sport, Physical Education & Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Decavele S, Ortibus E, Van Campenhout A, Molenaers G, Jansen B, Omelina L, Franki I. The Effect of a Rehabilitation Specific Gaming Software Platform to Achieve Individual Physiotherapy Goals in Children with Severe Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Games Health J 2020; 9:376-385. [PMID: 32614723 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2019.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of permanent neurological disabilities in children. Many children require long-term daily physiotherapy (PT), and videogaming is a promising tool to increase motivation in rehabilitation. The short- and medium-term effects of an intervention with rehabilitation specific videogames were evaluated on individually defined therapy goals, gross motor function, and motivation. Thirty-two children with bilateral spastic CP, Gross Motor Function Classification level III-IV, and 6-15 years were randomized into an intervention group (regular PT and gaming) or a control group (regular PT), followed by a crossover. The effects of both training periods (each 12 weeks) were compared using the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS), Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), and Dimensions of Mastery Motivation Questionnaire (DMQ). After 3 months follow-up, children were retested using the GMFM, TCMS, and PBS. The GAS change scores were significantly higher after the intervention compared to the control period (8.5 and 2.4, P < 0.001). The change scores for standing exercises (3.85 and 0.22, P = 0.04) and dynamic sitting balance (5.9 and -1.7, P < 0.001) were also significantly higher. After 3 months follow-up the results did not persist. A combined approach of regular PT and rehabilitation specific gaming showed significant effects on individually defined therapy goals, dynamic sitting balance, and standing exercises. However, the lack of persistent effect indicates that continuous individual goal-oriented PT with the addition of gaming is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Decavele
- CP Reference Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- CP Reference Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- CP Reference Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Molenaers
- CP Reference Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Jansen
- Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lubos Omelina
- Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Franki
- CP Reference Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Clutterbuck GL, Auld ML, Johnston LM. High-level motor skills assessment for ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and decision tree. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:693-699. [PMID: 32237147 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the psychometric evidence for high-level motor skills assessment tools for ambulant, school-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD We searched five databases for population (children with CP aged 5-18y in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II), assessment focus (high-level motor skills), and psychometric evidence. We evaluated evidence strength using the number of studies, quality, and conduct according to COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments checklists. RESULTS Eleven assessments (39 studies) met the criteria. Seven high-level motor skills assessment items (Muscle Power Sprint Test, 10m Shuttle Run Test, 10×5m Sprint Test, vertical jump, standing broad jump, seated throw, and Timed Up and Down Stairs) had strong validity and responsiveness evidence. Jumping items and seated throw lacked reliability data. Four high-level motor skills assessment batteries (Functional Strength Measure in CP, Gross Motor Function Measure-Challenge, Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, and Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition) had moderate-to-strong validity and/or reliability evidence. Responsiveness data were only available for the Gross Motor Function Measure-Challenge battery. The decision tree was developed with five levels: clinical feasibility, relevance, tool design, clinical utility, and psychometric properties. INTERPRETATION High-level motor skills assessment tools have strong psychometric evidence for ambulant, school-aged children with CP. The decision tree can assist clinicians and researchers in identifying appropriate tools to measure high-level motor skills. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS An evidence-based decision tree guides the selection of appropriate high-level motor skills assessment tools. Seven high-level motor skills assessment items have strong psychometric evidence and clinical utility for ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Four high-level motor skills assessment batteries with recreation and mobility items have emerging psychometric evidence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Clutterbuck
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Leanne M Johnston
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Inter-Rater Reliability, Concurrent Validity and Sensitivity of Current Methods to Assess Trunk Function in Boccia Player with Cerebral Palsy. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030130. [PMID: 32110853 PMCID: PMC7139471 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trunk function is a core factor to allocate Boccia players with cerebral palsy in BC1 and BC2 sport classes, according to the Boccia International Sports Federation (BISFed). However, the appropriateness of the current test to assess trunk function has never been studied to determine its reliability, validity and sensitivity to discriminate between different levels of impairment. Thirty-six players (BC1 = 13 and BC2 = 23) took part in this study. Trunk control was assessed through the BISFed trunk function scale (TFS) and a posturographic test battery consisting of two static and three dynamic tasks. The inter-rater reliability for the BISFed TFS was set at 94.44% of agreement. Moderate-to-high correlations were obtained between posturographic tasks (0.39 < r < 0.96; p < 0.05–0.01), while the BISFed TFS only correlated with two of the dynamic tasks and the overall dynamic score (−0.38 < r < −0.51; p < 0.05). The BISFed TFS was not able to discriminate between sport classes, whereas the static posturographic task did so (p = 0.004). Even though the current BISFed TFS presented good inter-rater reliability, it does not seem to have enough sensitivity to discriminate between BC1 and BC2. Although the static posturographic tasks were able to discriminate between sports classes, it seems necessary to develop new field tests assessing participants’ trunk stabilization abilities.
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Sah AK, Balaji GK, Agrahara S. Effects of Task-oriented Activities Based on Neurodevelopmental Therapy Principles on Trunk Control, Balance, and Gross Motor Function in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Single-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr Neurosci 2019; 14:120-126. [PMID: 31649770 PMCID: PMC6798271 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_35_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effects of task-oriented activities based on neurodevelopmental therapy (TOA-NDT) principles on trunk control, balance, and gross motor function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP). Materials and Methods: Forty-four children with SDCP, aged 7–15 years, were recruited to participate in the randomized clinical trial. After random allocation, twenty-two (n = 22) children with SDCP participated in TOA-NDT principles and twenty-two (n = 22) in conventional physiotherapy (CPT) program. Each group underwent the treatment for a duration of 60min per day, 6 days a week for 6 weeks. Gross motor function measure-88 (GMFM-88), postural assessment scale (PAS), pediatric balance scale (PBS), and trunk impairment scale (TIS) were the outcome measures used to document the pre- and post-intervention effect. Results: The mean difference of GMFM-88, PAS, PBS, and TIS was 8.53 (5.84–11.23), 0.90 (5.84–11.23), 4.86 (2.93–6.79), and 1.45 (0.30–2.60), respectively. TOA-NDT group showed improvement in all the outcomes. Conclusion: TOA-NDT principles are more beneficial in improving the trunk control, balance, and gross motor function parameters than CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya K Sah
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sahana Agrahara
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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17
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of trunk control in children with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP). We included 15 children with ataxic CP with a mean age of 9.46 years (SD = 1.08 years, 5-17 years) and 15 healthy children with a mean age of 9.06 years (SD = 0.84 years, 5-13 years). While the small sample size and large age range used here were not ideal for generalizability, they were made necessary by the rarity of this clinical sample. We used the Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E&R) to classify the children's functional levels, and we tested trunk control with the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS). We then used the Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 (GMFM-88) to assess their gross motor functions. We compared the total and subscale scores of the TCMS in healthy children and children with ataxic CP by using the Mann-Whitney U Test. We also analyzed differences between TCMS scores according to the children's GMFCS levels with the Mann-Whitney U Test and also compared TCMS scores with the GMFM-88 by means of Spearman correlation analysis. Spearman correlation analysis was used to compare the scores of the TCMS with the GMFM-88. Our results showed that healthy children showed significantly higher scores than children with ataxic CP in total and subscale scores of TCMS (p < .05).There was no significant difference between the TCMS scores in children of different GMFCS levels, but the GMFM-88B subscale was significantly correlated with the static sitting balance (rho = .568, p < .05) and dynamic sitting balance (rho = .547, p < .05) TCMS subscales and with the TCMS total score (rho = .590, p < .05). We concluded that trunk control, especially its dynamic aspects, was impaired in children with ataxic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Kallem Seyyar
- 1 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
| | - Bahar Aras
- 1 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
| | - Ozgen Aras
- 1 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between trunk control in sitting and functionality in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Fifty-eight children with spastic CP were included in the study. Functional abilities were evaluated with the Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 (GMFM-88) and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Functional Skills domain (PEDI-FSD). Trunk control in sitting was tested with the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) and the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS). The scores of the TCMS and TIS were compared with GMFM-88 and PEDI-FSD with Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS The total score of GMFM-88 was significantly correlated with the total score of TCMS (rho = 0.90, p < 0.01) and TIS (rho = 0.78, p < 0.01). The total score of PEDI-FSD was also significantly correlated with the total score of TCMS (rho = 0.76, p < 0.01) and TIS (rho = 0.72, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of trunk control can provide valuable information for functional abilities of children with spastic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Kallem Seyyar
- a School of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Bahar Aras
- a School of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Ozgen Aras
- a School of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
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Barbado D, Reina R, Roldan A, McCulloch K, Campayo-Piernas M, Vera-Garcia FJ. How much trunk control is affected in adults with moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy? J Biomech 2019; 82:368-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Assessing the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Trunk Impairment Scale in stroke patients. North Clin Istanb 2018; 6:156-165. [PMID: 31297483 PMCID: PMC6593917 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2018.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Trunk impairment scale (TIS), used in the evaluation of somatic, motor, and coordination disturbances in stroke patients, and provide a culturally adapted version for use in the Turkish population. METHODS: A total of 80 patients who were either hospitalized at our facility and rehabilitated for stroke or admitted at our outpatient clinics were included in this study. Reliability was evaluated by the internal consistency (Cronbach α) and test reproducibility [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICCC)] methods, and validity was evaluated by the correlation between subgroups and the total scores of the TIS and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Brunnstrom phases, Barthel index (BI), Rivermead mobility index (RMI), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 63.00±12.1 years. Out of a total of 80 subjects, 34 were female and 46 were male. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by the internal consistency, inter- and intra-observer reliability, and test reproducibility. The findings showed that the Turkish form of the scale was reliable at a good level. The test values were as follows; Cronbach α: >0.70, ICCC: 0.969–1, subgroups and total score comparison: 0. The correlation between TIS and BBS was considerably high in the validity analysis (p<0.001). Further, significant associations among the BI, RMI, KF-36, Brunnstrom, and TIS scores were found (p<0.001), which indicate the structural validity of this scale. CONCLUSION: TIS is a scale used in measuring the motor derangement that develops after a stroke. It has sufficient reliability, internal consistency, and validity for use in clinical practice and stroke investigations. Our study has shown that TIS used for the evaluation of body balance is valid and reliable for the Turkish population.
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Pavão SL, Maeda DA, Corsi C, Santos MMD, Costa CSND, de Campos AC, Rocha NACF. Discriminant ability and criterion validity of the Trunk Impairment Scale for cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:2199-2205. [PMID: 29663838 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1462410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To compare the performance of children with mild and moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy (CP) on the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and on center-of-pressure variables; to establish the discriminant ability of these tools to predict severity of motor impairment in CP; and to investigate the criterion validity of the TIS. Methods: Children with mild (n = 18, 11 males, 7 females, mean age = 9.5 ± 2.9 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System I-II) and moderate-to-severe (n = 18, 11 males, 7 females, mean age = 9.2 ± 229, Gross Motor Function Classification System III-IV) CP were tested using the TIS and the GMFM, and during static sitting on force-plate. Results: Children with mild CP showed better trunk (median; 95% confidence interval = 22.5; 21.29-22.59 vs. 13; 11.97-14.8; p < 0.001) and gross motor (60; 57.73-59.3 vs. 40; 38.96-46.25; p < 0.001) scores, and better postural control (lower center of pressure (CoP) displacement [anterior-posterior: (0.42; 0.32-1.11 vs. 0.89; 0.70-1.65; p = 0.022); medial-lateral: (0.42; 0.31-1.08 vs. 0.91; 0.65-1.17; p = 0.044)], and lower area of sway, (0.05; -0.15-0.97 vs. 0.44; 0.23-0.90; p = 0.008) than the moderate-to-severe group. Trunk control and gross motor function explained 81.5% of the variance in the severity of motor condition. Correlations between the TIS and the GMFM were excellent (ρ = 0.944, p < 0.001); correlations between the TIS and CoP variables were low (anterior-posterior displacement: ρ = -0.411, p < 0.05; medial-lateral displacement: ρ = -0.327, p < 0.05); area of sway: ρ = -0.430, p < 0.05; velocity of sway: ρ = -0.308, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The TIS is able to differentiate levels of trunk control across various levels of motor impairments in CP. It is a valid tool to assess trunk control, showing very high concurrent validity with the GMFM sitting dimension. Implications for Rehabilitation Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) can be used by rehabilitation professionals to differentiate levels of trunk control across levels of motor impairment. TIS showed concurrent validity with Gross Motor Function Measure and should be used to assess trunk control in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in clinical settings. The use of TIS allows a reliable assessment of postural control in children with CP in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Leticia Pavão
- a Department of Physiotherapy, Neuropediatrics Section , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Davi Adiwardana Maeda
- a Department of Physiotherapy, Neuropediatrics Section , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Carolina Corsi
- a Department of Physiotherapy, Neuropediatrics Section , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Dos Santos
- a Department of Physiotherapy, Neuropediatrics Section , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Carolina Souza N da Costa
- a Department of Physiotherapy, Neuropediatrics Section , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Campos
- a Department of Physiotherapy, Neuropediatrics Section , Federal University of São Carlos , São Carlos , Brazil
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Heo JY, Shin HK. Reliability analysis of the Korean version of the trunk control measurement scale in cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:1-4. [PMID: 29410555 PMCID: PMC5788764 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to translate the Trunk Control Measurement Scale into a Korean version and to analyze the intra- and inter-rater reliability. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen children with spastic cerebral palsy and four physical therapists with over 10 years of clinical experience participated in this study. A Korean-American physical therapist translated the trunk control measurement scale from English into a Korean version. Four physical therapists viewed the video data of 15 children and scored each child's trunk control measurement scale performance on seven separate days. Four testers analyzed the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability using the intra-class correlation coefficient. [Results] Intra-class correlation coefficients for test-retest and inter-rater reliability for the Korean trunk control measurement scale showed significantly high reliability in all testers and sublevels. [Conclusion] The Korean version of the measurement scale is a reliable and suitable instrument for assessing trunk control in individuals with cerebral palsy in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Heo
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Kyung Shin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Bio and Medical Science, Daegu Catholic University: 13-13 Hayang-Ro, Hayang-Eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
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Marsico P, Mitteregger E, Balzer J, van Hedel HJA. The Trunk Control Measurement Scale: reliability and discriminative validity in children and young people with neuromotor disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59:706-712. [PMID: 28374541 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the intra- and interrater reliability of the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) German version, with its subscores, in children with neuromotor disorders. Further, the discriminative validity of the TCMS was assessed by comparing the TCMS scores with the Functional Independence Measure for children. METHOD Bland-Altman analyses and intraclass correlation coefficients were applied to investigate reliability. The discriminative ability of the TCMS was evaluated with receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS Ninety children (mean age 11y 5mo; range 5y-18y 11mo) participated for the reliability, and 50 for the discriminative validity study. The reliability proved to be excellent (intrarater: bias=0.57 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.71 to 4.85; interrater: bias=-0.31 points, 95% CI -5.77 to 5.10). A change in the TCMS total score of six points (10%) can be considered a true change. The TCMS subscores appeared to be clinically relevant because children with less than around 80% of the static balance score, less than 55% of the dynamic reaching score, or less than around 35% of the selective movement control score needed support for daily life activities. INTERPRETATION The TCMS is a reliable and clinically relevant assessment for children aged 5 years and older with different neurological impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Marsico
- Paediatric Rehab Research Group, Rehabilitation Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Mitteregger
- ZHAW, Institute for Physiotherapy, Zürich University of Applied Studies, Zürich, Switzerland.,Children Therapy Centres of the Foundation Regional Group Zurich (Stiftung RgZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Balzer
- Paediatric Rehab Research Group, Rehabilitation Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hubertus J A van Hedel
- Paediatric Rehab Research Group, Rehabilitation Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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