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Tang B, Yang X, Zhang A, Wang Q, Fan L, Fang G. Polypseudorotaxane hydrogel based on Tween 80 and α-cyclodextrin for sustained delivery of low molecular weight heparin. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kimicata M, Mahadik B, Fisher JP. Long-Term Sustained Drug Delivery via 3D Printed Masks for the Development of a Heparin-Loaded Interlayer in Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50812-50822. [PMID: 34670077 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches in small-diameter vascular grafts for coronary artery bypass surgeries fail to address physiological variations along the graft that contribute to thrombus formation and ultimately graft failure. We present an innovative interlayer drug delivery system that can be utilized for the sustained delivery of heparin through a graft with a high degree of temporal and spatial control. A heparin-loaded gelatin methacrylate (gelMA) interlayer sits within a biohybrid composed of decellularized bovine pericardium (dECM) and poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), and its UV crosslinking is controlled via three-dimensional (3D) printed shadow masks. The masks can be readily designed to modulate the incident light intensity on the graft, enabling us to control the resultant gelMA crosslinking and properties. A high heparin loading efficiency was obtained in gelMA and was independent of crosslinking. We achieved sustained heparin release over the course of 2 weeks within the biohybrid material using the 3D printed mask patterns. High doses of heparin were observed to have detrimental effects on endothelial cell function. However, when exposed to heparin in a slower, more sustained manner consistent with the masks, endothelial cells behave similarly to untreated cells. Further, slower release profiles cause significantly more release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor, an anticoagulant, than a faster release profile. The heparin-loaded gelMA interlayer we have developed is a useful tool for the temporal and spatial control of heparin release that supports endothelial function and promotes an antithrombotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Kimicata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John P Fisher
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3121 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Sawant A, Kamath S, KG H, Kulyadi GP. Solid-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsion: An Innovative Paradigm to Improve Drug Stability and Biological Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:199. [PMID: 34212274 PMCID: PMC8249250 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract An emulsion is a biphasic dosage form comprising of dispersed phase containing droplets that are uniformly distributed into a surrounding liquid which forms the continuous phase. An emulsifier is added at the interface of two immiscible liquids to stabilize the thermodynamically unstable emulsion. Various types of emulsions such as water-in-oil (w-o), oil-in-water (o-w), microemulsions, and multiple emulsions are used for delivering certain drugs in the body. Water (aqueous) phase is commonly used for encapsulating proteins and several other drugs in water-in-oil-in-water (w-o-w) emulsion technique. But this method has posed certain problems such as decreased stability, burst release, and low entrapment efficiency. Thus, a novel “solid-in-oil-in-water” (s-o-w) emulsion system was developed for formulating certain drugs, probiotics, proteins, antibodies, and tannins to overcome these issues. In this method, the active ingredient is encapsulated as a solid and added to an oil phase, which formed a solid-oil dispersion. This dispersion was then mixed with water to form a continuous phase for enhancing the drug absorption. This article focuses on the various studies done to investigate the effectiveness of formulations prepared as solid-oil-water emulsions in comparison to conventional water-oil-water emulsions. A summary of the results obtained in each study is presented in this article. The s-o-w emulsion technique may become beneficial in near future as it has shown to improve the stability and efficacy of the entrapped active ingredient. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Sipos B, Katona G, Csóka I. A Systematic, Knowledge Space-Based Proposal on Quality by Design-Driven Polymeric Micelle Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050702. [PMID: 34065825 PMCID: PMC8150990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle research and development for pharmaceuticals is a challenging task in the era of personalized medicine. Specialized and increased patient expectations and requirements for proper therapy adherence, as well as sustainable environment safety and toxicology topics raise the necessity of well designed, advanced and smart drug delivery systems on the market. These stakeholder expectations and social responsibility of pharma sector open the space and call new methods on the floor for new strategic development tools, like Quality by Design (QbD) thinking. The extended model, namely the R&D QbD proved to be useful in case of complex and/or high risk/expectations containing or aiming developments. This is the case when we formulate polymeric micelles as promising nanotherapeutics; the risk assessment and knowledge-based quality targeted QbD approach provides a promising tool to support the development process. Based on risk assessment, many factors pose great risk in the manufacturing process and affect the quality, efficacy and safety profile. The quality-driven strategic development pathway, based on deep prior knowledge and an involving iterative risk estimation and management phases has proven to be an adequate tool, being able to handle their sensitive stability issues and make them efficient therapeutic aids in case of several diseases.
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Polysaccharides-based nanocomplexes for the prolonged delivery of enoxaparin: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:271-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yildiz-Pekoz A, Ozsoy Y. Inhaled Heparin: Therapeutic Efficacy and Recent Formulations. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 30:143-156. [PMID: 28418758 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin is well known for its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. Inhaled heparin regimens are increasingly being used to manage lung disease. It has been used to treat cystic fibrosis, thromboembolism, and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as bronchial asthma and asthma-induced airway hypersensitivity. Several preclinical studies attained some useful effects of heparin-administered, parenterally and through inhalation, treatment of lung disease. Besides, recent clinical trials suggest that inhaled heparin for lung diseases is beneficial and safe, but such data remain to be limited. In 2005, the orphan designation was granted by the European Commission for heparin sodium (inhalation use) for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. The positive results of heparin in the pulmonary route necessitate a focus on the preparation and evaluation of heparin in advanced drug delivery systems, namely nano/microparticles and liposomes. Through this pulmonary delivery, heparin is protected from enzymatic degradation within the airway. Heparin is thus passively targeted into the lungs, and long-lasting localized treatment is achieved. On the other hand, these systems have encountered several problems as follows: (1) polymers, such as poly-L-lactide-glycolic acid, poly (lactic acid), and chitosan, used to prepare heparin-loaded microparticle/nanoparticle (MP/NP) systems have not been granted approval for lung application by the FDA and (2) liposomal and NP formulation stability is the main problem of formulation design. We propose that additional in vitro and in vivo research is necessary to assess the clinical applicability of this treatment strategy. The present article discusses heparin treatments for lung diseases and the use of heparin and/or heparin-loaded drugs in advanced delivery systems through the pulmonary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Yildiz-Pekoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Ozsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Mustafa S, Devi VK, Pai RS. Comparative study of kanamycin sulphate microparticles and nanoparticles for intramuscular administration: preparation in vitro release and preliminary in vivo evaluation. J Microencapsul 2016; 33:679-688. [PMID: 27733086 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2016.1248511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Kanamycin sulphate (KS) is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein synthesis inhibitor. KS is polycationic, a property responsible for KS poor oral absorption half-life (2.5 h) and rapid renal clearance, which results in serious nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity. The current study aimed to develop KS-loaded PLGA vitamin-E-TPGS microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) to reduce the dosing frequency and dose-related adverse effect. In vitro release was sustained up to 10 days for KS PLGA-TPGS MPs and 13 days for KS PLGA-TPGS NPs in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4. The in vivo pharmacokinetic test in Wistar rats showed that the AUC0-∞ of KS PLGA-TPGS NPs (280.58 μg/mL*min) was about 1.62-fold higher than that of KS PLGA-TPGS MPs (172.30 μg/mL*min). Further, in vivo protein-binding assay ascribed 1.20-fold increase in the uptake of KS PLGA-TPGS NPs through the alveolar macrophage (AM). The studies, therefore, could provide another useful tool for successful development of KS MPs and NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaul Mustafa
- a Pharmaceutics Division, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - V Kusum Devi
- a Pharmaceutics Division, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
| | - Roopa S Pai
- a Pharmaceutics Division, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore , Karnataka , India
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Recent advances in controlled pulmonary drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:380-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Simões SMN, Figueiras AR, Veiga F, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Polymeric micelles for oral drug administration enabling locoregional and systemic treatments. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:297-318. [PMID: 25227130 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.960841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amphiphilic block copolymers are recognized components of parenteral drug nanocarriers. However, their performance in oral administration has barely been evaluated to any great extent. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the methods used to prepare drug-loaded polymeric micelles and to evaluate their stability in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, and then analyzes in detail recent in vitro and in vivo results about their performance in oral drug delivery. Oral administration of polymeric micelles has been tested for a variety of therapeutic purposes, namely, to increase apparent drug solubility in the GI fluids and facilitate absorption, to penetrate in pathological regions of the GI tract for locoregional treatment, to carry the drug directly toward the blood stream minimizing presystemic loses, and to target the drug after oral absorption to specific tissue or cells in the body. EXPERT OPINION Each therapeutic purpose demands micelles with different performance regarding stability in the GI tract, ability to overcome physiological barriers and drug release patterns. Depending on the block copolymer composition and structure, a wealth of self-assembled micelles with different morphologies and stability can be prepared. Moreover, copolymer unimers can play a role in improving drug absorption through the GI mucosa, either by increasing membrane permeability to the drug and/or the carrier or by inhibiting drug efflux transporters or first-pass metabolism. Therefore, polymeric micelles can be pointed out as versatile vehicles to increase oral bioavailability of drugs that exhibit poor solubility or permeability and may even be an alternative to parenteral carriers when targeting is pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M N Simões
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy , Coimbra , Portugal +351 239 855099 ;
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Yang T, Nyiawung D, Silber A, Hao J, Lai L, Bai S. Comparative studies on chitosan and polylactic-co-glycolic acid incorporated nanoparticles of low molecular weight heparin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1309-18. [PMID: 23054983 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to test the feasibility of chitosan and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) incorporated nanoparticles as sustained-release carriers for the delivery of negatively charged low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to evaluate the interactions between chitosan and LMWH. The shifts, intensity, and broadening of the characteristic peaks for the functional groups in the FTIR spectra indicated that strong interactions occur between the positively charged chitosans and the negatively charged LMWHs. Three types of LMWH nanoparticles (NP-1, NP-2, and NP-3) were prepared using chitosan with or without PLGA: NP-1 nanoparticles were formed by polyelectrolyte complexation after single mixing, NP-2 nanoparticles were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation after single emulsion-diffusion-evaporation, and NP-3 nanoparticles were optimized by double emulsion-diffusion-evaporation. NP-3 nanoparticles of LMWH prepared by the emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method showed significant differences in particle morphology, size, zeta potential, and drug release profile compared to NP-1 nanoparticles formed by polyelectrolyte complexation. Another ionic complex of LMWH with chitosan-incorporated PLGA nanoparticles (NP-2) showed lower drug entrapment efficiency than that of NP-1 and NP-3. The drug release rate of NP-3 was slower than the release rates of NP-1 and NP-2, although particle morphology of NP-3 was similar to that of NP-2. Cell viability was not adversely affected when cells were treated with all three types of nanoparticles. The data presented in this study demonstrate that nanoparticles formulated with chitosan-PLGA could be a safe sustained-release carrier for the delivery of LMWH.
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