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Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers in oral cancer drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mefenamic acid-loaded solid SMEDDS: an innovative aspect for dose reduction and improved pharmacodynamic profile. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:21-36. [PMID: 30730824 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The current investigation is focused on solid self-microemulsifying drug-delivery systems (S-SMEDDS) of mefenamic acid (MFA) for improving pharmacodynamic activity. Methodology & results: Solubility assessment in various lipid excipients and optimization of pseudoternary plots were carried out for development of liquid SMEDDS. The optimized liquid SMEDD formulation was spray dried to solid dosage form and observed with enhanced amorphization or molecular dispersion of MFA in S-SMEDDS, as evident from x-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Enhanced in vitro dissolution rate of optimized formulation was observed, resulting in multifold enhancement in absorption profile of MFA, as compared with pure drug and marketed product. These studies further substantiate the dose reduction in SMEDDS by gaining equivalent therapeutic profile with marketed product. Enhanced analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity was observed with S-SMEDD formulations in acetic acid-induced writhings and carrageenan-induced paw edema models, respectively. CONCLUSION The optimized S-SMEDD formulation holds great promise for enhancement of its physiochemical and biological attributes.
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Fernández MA, Silva OF, Vico RV, de Rossi RH. Complex systems that incorporate cyclodextrins to get materials for some specific applications. Carbohydr Res 2019; 480:12-34. [PMID: 31158527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of biodegradable cyclic hydrocarbons composed of α-(1,4) linked glucopyranose subunits, the more common containing 6, 7 or 8 glucose units are named α, β and γ-cyclodextrins respectively. Since the discovery of CDs, they have attracted interest among scientists and the first studies were about the properties of the native compounds and in particular their use as catalysts of organic reactions. Characteristics features of different types of cyclodextrins stimulated investigation in different areas of research, due to its non-toxic and non-inmunogenic properties and also to the development of an improved industrial production. In this way, many materials with important properties have been developed. This mini-review will focus on chemical systems that use cyclodextrins, whatever linked covalently or mediated by the non covalent interactions, to build complex systems developed mainly during the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, CONICET y Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - O Fernando Silva
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, CONICET y Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raquel V Vico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, CONICET y Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rita H de Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, CONICET y Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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Singh D, Tiwary AK, Bedi N. Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Problematic Molecules: An Update. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 13:92-113. [PMID: 31215381 DOI: 10.2174/1872210513666190619102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor bioavailability of a problematic molecule is predominantly due to its high lipophilicity, low solubility in gastric fluids and/or high fist pass metabolism. Self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), a lipidic type IV nano-formulation has been of interest in the field of pharmaceutical research due to its potential for tailoring the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical molecules. METHODS This review provides insights on various recent innovations and reports from the past seven years (2012-2019) of self-emulsifying formulations for the delivery of various types of poorly soluble drugs, phytoconstituents and high molecular peptides and gives exhaustive details of the outcome of the endeavors in this field. RESULTS Various types of innovative formulations have been molded from SMEDDS like selfemulsifying powders, granules, tablets, pellets, eutectic and cationic formulations. Till date, many research reports and patents have been filed on self-emulsifying dosage forms and many formulations have gained US-FDA approvals which are summarized in the review article. CONCLUSION This review content highlighted the increasing scope of SMEDDS in augmenting the physiochemical properties of an API, the variegated formulation types and the attributes of API that can be improved by SMEDD based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Ashok K Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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AboulFotouh K, Allam AA, El-Badry M, El-Sayed AM. Self-emulsifying drug–delivery systems modulate P-glycoprotein activity: role of excipients and formulation aspects. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1813-1834. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug–delivery systems (SEDDS) have been widely employed to ameliorate the oral bioavailability of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate drugs and to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells. However, the role of formulation aspects in the reduced P-gp activity is not fully understood. In this review, we first explore the role of various SEDDS excipients in the reduced P-gp activity with the main emphasis on the effective excipient concentration range for excipient-mediated modulation of P-gp activity and then we discuss the synergistic effect of various formulation aspects on the excipient-mediated modulation of P-gp activity. This review provides an approach to develop a rationally designed SEDDS to overcome P-gp-mediated drug efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AboulFotouh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ayat A Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Badry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Sohail MF, Rehman M, Sarwar HS, Naveed S, Salman O, Bukhari NI, Hussain I, Webster TJ, Shahnaz G. Advancements in the oral delivery of Docetaxel: challenges, current state-of-the-art and future trends. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3145-3161. [PMID: 29922053 PMCID: PMC5997133 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral delivery of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs is challenging due to low bioavailability, gastrointestinal side effects, first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux pumps. Thus, chemotherapeutic drugs, including Docetaxel, are administered via an intravenous route, which poses many disadvantages of its own. Recent advances in pharmaceutical research have focused on designing new and efficient drug delivery systems for site-specific targeting, thus leading to improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. A decent number of studies have been reported for the safe and effective oral delivery of Docetaxel. These nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, hybrid nanoparticles, dendrimers and so on, have shown promising results in research papers and clinical trials. The present article comprehensively reviews the research efforts made so far in designing various advancements in the oral delivery of Docetaxel. Different strategies to improve oral bioavailability, prevent first-pass metabolism and inhibition of efflux pumping leading to improved pharmacokinetics and anticancer activity are discussed. The final portion of this review article presents key issues such as safety of nanomaterials, regulatory approval and future trends in nanomedicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore
| | - Mubashar Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore-Gujrat Campus, Gujrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
| | - Sara Naveed
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore
| | - Omer Salman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore Campus
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
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Singh D, Tiwary AK, Bedi N. Canagliflozin loaded SMEDDS: formulation optimization for improved solubility, permeability and pharmacokinetic performance. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-0385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Zhou J, Tan L, Xie J, Lai Z, Huang Y, Qu C, Luo D, Lin Z, Huang P, Su Z, Xie Y. Characterization of brusatol self-microemulsifying drug delivery system and its therapeutic effect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Drug Deliv 2018; 24:1667-1679. [PMID: 29078713 PMCID: PMC8253134 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1384521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brusatol (BR) is one of the main bioactive components derived from Brucea javanica, a medicinal herb historically used in the treatment of dysenteric disorders (also known as ulcerative colitis(UC)). Due to its poor aqueous solubility, a novel brusatol self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (BR-SMEDDS) nanoformulation with smaller size, higher negative zeta potential and drug content, and excellent stability was developed. The appearance of BR-SMEDDS remained clear and transparent, and transmission electron microscopy showed microemulsion droplets to be spherical with homogeneous distribution. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that oral bioavailability was greatly improved by BR-SMEDDS as compared with aqueous suspension. Meanwhile, the anti-colitis activity of BR-SMEDDS was evaluated on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice model. The result illustrated that the nano-formation significantly reduced the body weight loss, recovered colon length, decreased disease activity index and microscopic score, regulated immune-inflammatory cytokines, diminished oxidative stress and repressed the colonic expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) proteins. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that BR could effectively attenuate colonic inflammation in mice, at least partially, via favorable regulation of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory status and inhibition of the TLR4-linked NF-κB signaling pathway. The BR nano-formulation was superior to BR suspension and sulphasalazine, in treating experimental UC, and exhibited similar effect with azathioprine, with much smaller dosage. The enhanced anti-UC effect of BR might be intimately associated with the improved pharmacokinetic property by SMEDDS. The developed nano-delivery system might thus be a promising candidate for colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhou
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China.,b Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Lihua Tan
- b Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome , The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Zhengquan Lai
- d School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Yanfeng Huang
- b Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Chang Qu
- b Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Dandan Luo
- b Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- d School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Ziren Su
- b Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Youliang Xie
- b Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , PR China
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Khurana RK, Beg S, Burrow AJ, Vashishta RK, Katare OP, Kaur S, Kesharwani P, Singh KK, Singh B. Enhancing biopharmaceutical performance of an anticancer drug by long chain PUFA based self-nanoemulsifying lipidic nanomicellar systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 121:42-60. [PMID: 28887099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) long chain glyceride (LCG) enriched self-nanoemulsifying lipidic nanomicelles systems (SNELS) for augmenting lymphatic uptake and enhancing oral bioavailability of docetaxel and compare its biopharmaceutical performance with a medium-chain fatty acid glyceride (MCG) SNELS. Equilibrium solubility and pseudo ternary phase studies facilitated the selection of suitable LCG and MCG. The critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) were earmarked using Placket-Burman Design (PBD) and Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) for LCG- and MCG-SNELS respectively, and nano micelles were subsequently optimized using I- and D-optimal designs. Desirability function unearthed the optimized SNELS with Temul <5min, Dnm <100nm, Rel15min >85% and Perm45min >75%. The SNELS demonstrated efficient biocompatibility and energy dependent cellular uptake, reduced P-gp efflux and increased permeability using bi-directional Caco-2 model. Optimal PUFA enriched LCG-SNELS exhibited distinctly superior permeability and absorption parameters during ex vivo permeation, in situ single pass intestinal perfusion, lymphatic uptake and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies over MCG-SNELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneet Kaur Khurana
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Andrea Julie Burrow
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh K Vashishta
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - O P Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- GHG Khalsa of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana 141104, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Ahmad N, Alam MA, Ahmad R, Naqvi AA, Ahmad FJ. Preparation and characterization of surface-modified PLGA-polymeric nanoparticles used to target treatment of intestinal cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:432-446. [PMID: 28503995 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1324466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX), a cytotoxic taxane, is a poor water-soluble drug and exhibits less oral bioavailability. Current research investigates the effective transport, for DTX-loaded chitosan (CS)-coated-poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA)-nanoparticles (NPs) (DTX-CS-PLGA-NPs) and DTX-PLGA-NPs as well as a novel third-generation P-gp inhibitor i.e. GF120918 (Elacridar), across intestinal epithelium with its successive uptake by the tumour cells in an in vitro model. The prepared NPs showed a spherical shape particle size i.e. <123.96 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) of <0.290 whereas for CS-coated NPs, the zeta potential was converted from negative to positive value along with a small modification in particle size distribution. The entrapment efficiency observed for DTX-CS-PLGA-NPs was 74.77%, whereas the in vitro release profile revealed an initial rapid DTX release followed by a sustained release pattern. For apparent permeability, DTX-CS-PLGA-NPs and DTX-PLGA-NPs along with GF120918 showed a five-fold (p < .01) and 2.2-fold enhancement, respectively, as observed in rat ileum permeation study. Similarly, for pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, higher oral bioavailability was observed from DTX-CS-PLGA-NPs (5.11-folds) and DTX-PLGA-NPs (3.29-folds) as compared with DTX-suspension (DTX-S). Cell uptake studies on A549 cells as performed for DTX-CS-PLGA-NPs and DTX-PLGA-NPs loaded with rhodamine 123 dye, exhibited enhanced uptake as compared with plain dye solution. The enhanced uptake for DTX-CS-PLGA-NPs and DTX-PLGA-NPs formulations in the presence of GF120918 was confirmed further with the help of confocal laser scanning microscopic images (CLSM). The potential of the third-generation novel P-gp inhibitor (GF120918) investigated for the effective delivery of DTX as well as investigation of permeability and uptake studies whereby a strong potential of GF120918 for effective oral delivery was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (formerly University of Dammam) , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences , Galgotias University , Greater Noida , India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- c Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine , College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (formerly University of Dammam) , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- d Department of Pharmacy Practice , College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (formerly University of Dammam) , Dammam , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- e Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India
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Enhancing biopharmaceutical attributes of phospholipid complex-loaded nanostructured lipidic carriers of mangiferin: Systematic development, characterization and evaluation. Int J Pharm 2017; 518:289-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ghadi R, Dand N. BCS class IV drugs: Highly notorious candidates for formulation development. J Control Release 2017; 248:71-95. [PMID: 28088572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BCS class IV drugs (e.g., amphotericin B, furosemide, acetazolamide, ritonavir, paclitaxel) exhibit many characteristics that are problematic for effective oral and per oral delivery. Some of the problems associated include low aqueous solubility, poor permeability, erratic and poor absorption, inter and intra subject variability and significant positive food effect which leads to low and variable bioavailability. Also, most of the class IV drugs are substrate for P-glycoprotein (low permeability) and substrate for CYP3A4 (extensive pre systemic metabolism) which further potentiates the problem of poor therapeutic potential of these drugs. A decade back, extreme examples of class IV compounds were an exception rather than the rule, yet today many drug candidates under development pipeline fall into this category. Formulation and development of an efficacious delivery system for BCS class IV drugs are herculean tasks for any formulator. The inherent hurdles posed by these drugs hamper their translation to actual market. The importance of the formulation composition and design to successful drug development is especially illustrated by the BCS class IV case. To be clinically effective these drugs require the development of a proper delivery system for both oral and per oral delivery. Ideal oral dosage forms should produce both a reasonably high bioavailability and low inter and intra subject variability in absorption. Also, ideal systems for BCS class IV should produce a therapeutic concentration of the drug at reasonable dose volumes for intravenous administration. This article highlights the various techniques and upcoming strategies which can be employed for the development of highly notorious BCS class IV drugs. Some of the techniques employed are lipid based delivery systems, polymer based nanocarriers, crystal engineering (nanocrystals and co-crystals), liquisolid technology, self-emulsifying solid dispersions and miscellaneous techniques addressing the P-gp efflux problem. The review also focuses on the roadblocks in the clinical development of the aforementioned strategies such as problems in scale up, manufacturing under cGMP guidelines, appropriate quality control tests, validation of various processes and variable therein etc. It also brings to forefront the current lack of regulatory guidelines which poses difficulties during preclinical and clinical testing for submission of NDA and subsequent marketing. Today, the pharmaceutical industry has as its disposal a series of reliable and scalable formulation strategies for BCS Class IV drugs. However, due to lack of understanding of the basic physical chemistry behind these strategies formulation development is still driven by trial and error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ghadi
- IPDO, Innovation Plaza, Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bachupally, Hyderabad, 500090, India.
| | - Neha Dand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, 400064, India
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Park SJ, Garcia CV, Shin GH, Kim JT. Development of nanostructured lipid carriers for the encapsulation and controlled release of vitamin D3. Food Chem 2017; 225:213-219. [PMID: 28193417 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for encapsulating vitamin D3 (VD3), a lipophilic vitamin, were successfully fabricated by hot high pressure homogenization. The physicochemical properties of the VD3-NLCs were characterized, and the release profiles of VD3 in simulated gastrointestinal fluids were investigated. Optimum VD3-NLCs were obtained with a small diameter (132.9nm), a high zeta potential (-41.90mV), and a high encapsulation efficiency (85.6%). The stability of the VD3-NLCs was tested during 20days of storage at 25°C under a wide range of pHs. In vitro digestion in simulated gastrointestinal fluids demonstrated their capability for controlled release because the NLCs were able to remain stable and protect the VD3 in simulated stomach fluid, but released more than 90% of the VD3 in simulated intestinal fluid. Therefore, the developed NLCs are promising carriers for increasing the oral bioavailability of VD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Coralia V Garcia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Hwa Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Sandhu PS, Beg S, Mehta F, Singh B, Trivedi P. Novel dietary lipid-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of paclitaxel with p-gp inhibitor: implications on cytotoxicity and biopharmaceutical performance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1809-22. [PMID: 26144859 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work describes the development and characterization of novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) employing polyunsaturated fatty acids for enhancing the oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of paclitaxel (PTX) by coadministration with curcumin (Cu). METHODS Preformulation studies endorsed sesame oil, labrasol, and sodium deoxycholate as lipid surfactants and cosurfactants based on their solubility for the drugs and spontaneity of emulsification to produce nanoemulsions. Further, phase titration studies were performed to identify a suitable nanoemulsion region for preparing the SNEDDS formulation. RESULTS The prepared formulations were characterized through in vitro, in situ, and in vivo studies to evaluate the biopharmaceutical performance. In vitro drug release studies showed 2.8- to 3.4-fold enhancement in the dissolution rate of both drugs from SNEDDS as compared with the pure drug suspension. Cell line studies revealed 1.5- to 2.7-fold reduction in the cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells by plain PTX-SNEDDS and PTX-Cu-SNEDDS vis-à-vis the PTX-suspension. In situ intestinal perfusion studies revealed significant augmentation in permeability and absorption parameters of drug from PTX-Cu-SNEDDS over the plain PTX-SNEDDS and PTX-suspension (p < 0.001). In vivo pharmacokinetic studies also showed a remarkable improvement (i.e., 5.8- to 6.3-fold) in the oral bioavailability (Cmax and AUC) of the drug from PTX-SNEDDS and PTX-Cu-SNEDDS vis-à-vis the PTX-suspension. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the studies corroborated superior biopharmaceutical performance of PTX-Cu-SNEDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premjeet Singh Sandhu
- a 1 Rajeev Gandhi Technical University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India .,b 2 Panjab University, UGC Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences) , Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- c 3 Panjab University, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies , Chandigarh, India
| | - Farhad Mehta
- a 1 Rajeev Gandhi Technical University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- b 2 Panjab University, UGC Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences) , Chandigarh, India.,c 3 Panjab University, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies , Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- d 4 Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Verma S, Singh SK, Verma PRP. Fabrication of lipidic nanocarriers of loratadine for facilitated intestinal permeation using multivariate design approach. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:288-306. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1052078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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16
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Khan AW, Kotta S, Ansari SH, Sharma RK, Ali J. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of the poorly water-soluble grapefruit flavonoid Naringenin: design, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:552-61. [PMID: 24512268 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.878003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG), predominant flavanone in grapefruits, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, hepato-protective and anti-lipid peroxidation effects. Slow dissolution after oral ingestion due to its poor solubility in water, as well as low bioavailability following oral administration, restricts its therapeutic application. The study is an attempt to improve the solubility and bioavailability of NRG by employing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery technique. Preliminary screening was carried out to select oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, based on solubilization and emulsification efficiency of the components. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the area of nanoemulsification. The developed self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were evaluated in term of goluble size, globule size distribution, zeta potential, and surface morphology of nanoemulsions so obtained. The TEM analysis proves that nanoemulsion shows a droplet size less than 50 nm. Freeze thaw cycling and centrifugation studies were carried out to confirm the stability of the developed SNEDDS. In vitro drug release from SNEDDS was significantly higher (p < 0.005) than pure drug. Furthermore, area under the drug concentration time-curve (AUC(0-24)) of NRG from SNEDDS formulation revealed a significant increase (p < 0.005) in NRG absorption compared to NRG alone. The increase in drug release and bioavailability as compared to drug suspension from SNEDDS formulation may be attributed to the nanosized droplets and enhanced solubility of NRG in the SNEDDS.
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17
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Negi LM, Jaggi M, Talegaonkar S. Development of protocol for screening the formulation components and the assessment of common quality problems of nano-structured lipid carriers. Int J Pharm 2014; 461:403-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Stuurman FE, Nuijen B, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Oral anticancer drugs: mechanisms of low bioavailability and strategies for improvement. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013; 52:399-414. [PMID: 23420518 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of oral anticancer drugs has increased during the last decade, because of patient preference, lower costs, proven efficacy, lack of infusion-related inconveniences, and the opportunity to develop chronic treatment regimens. Oral administration of anticancer drugs is, however, often hampered by limited bioavailability of the drug, which is associated with a wide variability. Since most anticancer drugs have a narrow therapeutic window and are dosed at or close to the maximum tolerated dose, a wide variability in the bioavailability can have a negative impact on treatment outcome. This review discusses mechanisms of low bioavailability of oral anticancer drugs and strategies for improvement. The extent of oral bioavailability depends on many factors, including release of the drug from the pharmaceutical dosage form, a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal tract, factors affecting dissolution, the rate of passage through the gut wall, and the pre-systemic metabolism in the gut wall and liver. These factors are divided into pharmaceutical limitations, physiological endogenous limitations, and patient-specific limitations. There are several strategies to reduce or overcome these limitations. First, pharmaceutical adjustment of the formulation or the physicochemical characteristics of the drug can improve the dissolution rate and absorption. Second, pharmacological interventions by combining the drug with inhibitors of transporter proteins and/or pre-systemic metabolizing enzymes can overcome the physiological endogenous limitations. Third, chemical modification of a drug by synthesis of a derivative, salt form, or prodrug could enhance the bioavailability by improving the absorption and bypassing physiological endogenous limitations. Although the bioavailability can be enhanced by various strategies, the development of novel oral products with low solubility or cell membrane permeability remains cumbersome and is often unsuccessful. The main reasons are unacceptable variation in the bioavailability and high investment costs. Furthermore, novel oral anticancer drugs are frequently associated with toxic effects including unacceptable gastrointestinal adverse effects. Therefore, compliance is often suboptimal, which may negatively influence treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik E Stuurman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Livney YD, Assaraf YG. Rationally designed nanovehicles to overcome cancer chemoresistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1716-30. [PMID: 23954781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a primary hindrance towards curative cancer chemotherapy. Nanotechnology holds great promise in establishing efficacious and innovative strategies to overcome chemoresistance, and markedly facilitate complementary treatments and cancer diagnostics. Various nanomedical devices are being introduced and evaluated, demonstrating encouraging results. While stealth liposomes serve as a benchmark, astonishing progress is witnessed in polymeric nanovehicles, sometimes combined with low molecular weight surfactants, some of which inhibit drug resistance in addition to solubilizing drugs. Cutting edge multifunctional or quadrugnostic nanoparticles currently developed offer simultaneous targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and chemosensitizers or drug-resistance gene silencing cargo, along with diagnostic imaging agents, like metallic NPs. Viral and cellular components offer exciting new routes for cancer targeting and treatment. Targeting intracellular compartments is another challenging frontier spawning pioneering approaches and results. To further enhance rational design of nanomedicine for overcoming drug resistance, we review the latest thoughts and accomplishments in recent literature.
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Nesamony J, Shah IS, Kalra A, Jung R. Nebulized oil-in-water nanoemulsion mists for pulmonary delivery: development, physico-chemical characterization and in vitro evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1253-63. [PMID: 23837519 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.814065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study presents novel nanostructured oil-in-water (o/w) mists based on self-nanoemulsifying (SNE) mixtures capable of delivering poorly water-soluble drugs into the lungs. OBJECTIVE Formulation development of an o/w nanoemulsion (NE) capable of being nebulized for pulmonary delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS SNE mixtures were prepared and evaluated using Tween 80 and Cremophor RH 40 as surfactants; Transcutol P, Capryol 90 and PEG 400 as cosurfactants; and Labrafac Lipophile Wl 1349 (a medium-chain triglyceride) as an oil. Liquid NEs were analyzed by light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in vitro drug release studies. The aqueous NE was nebulized and assessed by light scattering and TEM. The formulation was aseptically filtered and the sterility validated. In vitro cytotoxicity of the formulations was tested in NIH 3T3 cells. The capability of the formulation to deliver a poorly water-soluble drug was determined using ibuprofen. RESULTS Ibuprofen was found to be stable in the NEs. The formulations were neutrally charged with a droplet size of about 20 nm. TEM images displayed 100 nm oil droplets. The aseptic filtration method produced sterile NE. The nebulized mist revealed properties ideal for pulmonary delivery. The biocompatible aerosol has a nanostructure consisting of several oil nanodroplets enclosed within each water drop. Solubility and in vitro drug release studies showed successful incorporation and release of ibuprofen. CONCLUSION The developed formulation could be used as an inhalation for delivering material possessing poor water solubility into the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Nesamony
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH , USA
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