A novel once daily microparticulate dosage form comprising lansoprazole to prevent nocturnal acid breakthrough in the case of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: preparation, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation

Improve BBB Penetration and Cytotoxicity of Palbociclib in U87-MG Glioblastoma Cells Delivered by Dual Peptide Functionalized Nanoparticles

Palbociclib (PBC) is an FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitor used for breast cancer treatment. PBC has been demonstrated its ability to suppress the proliferation of glioma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. However, the efflux transporters on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the delivery of PBC to the brain. The nano-delivery strategy with BBB-penetrating and glioma-targeting abilities was designed. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) was functionalized with the potential peptide, T7 targeting peptide and/or R9 penetrating peptide, to prepare PBC-loaded nanoparticles (PBC@NPs). The size of PBC@NPs was in the range of 168.4 ± 4.3-185.8 ± 4.4 nm (PDI < 0.2), and the zeta potential ranged from -17.8 ± 1.4 mV to -14.3 ± 1.0 mV dependent of conjugated peptide. The transport of PBC@NPs across the bEnd.3 cell model was in the order of dual-peptide modified NPs > T7-peptide modified NPs > peptide-free NPs > free PBC, indicating facilitated delivery of PBC by NPs, particularly the T7/R9 dual-peptide modified NPs. Moreover, PBC@NPs significantly enhanced U87-MG glioma cell apoptosis by 2.3-6.5 folds relative to PBC, where the dual-peptide modified NPs was the most effective one. In conclusion, the PBC loaded dual-peptide functionalized NPs improved cellular uptake in bEnd.3 cells followed by targeting to U87-MG glioma cells, leading to effective cytotoxicity and promoting cell death.

Chitosan Nanoparticles for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treatment

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic ailment that results from the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing heartburn and acid regurgitation. This review explores nanotechnology as a novel treatment approach for GERD. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) offer several advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and targeted drug delivery capabilities. CSNPs have been extensively studied due to their ability to encapsulate and release medications in a controlled manner. Different nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems, including gels, microspheres, and coatings, have been developed to enhance drug retention, drug targeting, and controlled release in the esophagus. These nanoparticles can target specific molecular pathways associated with acid regulation, esophageal tissue protection, and inflammation modulation. However, the optimization of nanoparticle formulations faces challenges, including ensuring stability, scalability, and regulatory compliance. The future may see CSNPs combined with other treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or mucosal protectants for a synergistic therapeutic approach. Thus, CSNPs provide exciting opportunities for novel GERD treatment strategies.

Application of nanoparticles for oral delivery of acid-labile lansoprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticles for oral delivery of an acid-labile drug, lansoprazole (LPZ), for gastric ulcer therapy. LPZ-loaded positively charged Eudragit(®) RS100 nanoparticles (ERSNPs-LPZ) and negatively charged poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGANPs-LPZ) were prepared. The effect of charge on nanoparticle deposition in ulcerated and non-ulcerated regions of the stomach was investigated. The cellular uptake of nanoparticles in the intestine was evaluated in a Caco-2 cell model. The pharmacokinetic performance and ulcer healing response of LPZ-loaded nanoparticles following oral administration were evaluated in Wistar rats with induced ulcers. The prepared drug-loaded ERSNPs-LPZ and PLGANPs-LPZ possessed opposite surface charge (+38.5±0.3 mV versus -27.3±0.3 mV, respectively) and the particle size was around 200 nm with a narrow size distribution. The negatively charged PLGANPs adhered more readily to the ulcerated region (7.22%±1.21% per cm(2)), whereas the positively charged ERSNPs preferentially distributed in the non-ulcerated region (8.29%±0.35% per cm(2)). Both ERSNPs and PLGANPs were prominent uptake in Caco-2 cells, too. The nanoparticles sustained and prolonged LPZ concentrations up to 24 hours, and the half-life and mean residence time of LPZ were prolonged by 3.5-fold and 4.5-fold, respectively, as compared with LPZ solution. Oral administration of LPZ-loaded nanoparticles healed 92.6%-95.7% of gastric ulcers in Wistar rats within 7 days.