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Luo Y, De Souza C, Ramachandran M, Wang S, Yi H, Ma Z, Zhang L, Lin K. Precise oral delivery systems for probiotics: A review. J Control Release 2022; 352:371-384. [PMID: 36309096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have several health benefits to the host. However, low pH in the stomach, various digestive enzymes and bile salts in the intestine threaten their viability and function. Thus, probiotics need to be protected during gastric transit to address challenges associated with low viability and impaired function. At present, probiotic delivery systems with different trigger mechanisms have been constructed to successfully introduce numerous high-viability probiotics to the intestine. On this basis, the application of non-targeted/targeted probiotic delivery systems in different gut microenvironment and the adjuvant therapeutic effect of probiotic delivery systems on other disease were discussed in detail. It is important to also note that most of the current studies in this area focused on non-targeted probiotic delivery systems. Moreover, changes in intestinal microenvironment under disease state and discontinuous distribution of disease site limit their development. Thus, emphasis were made on the optimization of non-targeted probiotic delivery systems and the necessity of designing more precisely targeted ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Cristabelle De Souza
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mythili Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Shaolei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Kai Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Martínez-López AL, Carvajal-Millan E, Canett-Romero R, Prakash S, Rascón-Chu A, López-Franco YL, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Micard V. Arabinoxylans-Based Oral Insulin Delivery System Targeting the Colon: Simulation in a Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem and Evaluation in Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091062. [PMID: 36145283 PMCID: PMC9504777 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AX) microcapsules loaded with insulin were prepared by enzymatic gelation of AX, using a triaxial electrospray method. The microcapsules presented a spherical shape, with an average size of 250 µm. The behavior of AX microcapsules was evaluated using a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. AX microcapsules were mainly (70%) degraded in the ascending colon. The fermentation was completed in the descending colon, increasing the production of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. In the three regions of the colon, the fermentation of AX microcapsules significantly increased populations of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and decreased the population of Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the results found in this in vitro model showed that the AX microcapsules could resist the simulated conditions of the upper gastrointestinal system and be a carrier for insulin delivery to the colon. The pharmacological activity of insulin-loaded AX microcapsules was evaluated after oral delivery in diabetic rats. AX microcapsules lowered the serum glucose levels in diabetic rats by 75%, with insulin doses of 25 and 50 IU/kg. The hypoglycemic effect and the insulin levels remained for more than 48 h. Oral relative bioavailability was 13 and 8.7% for the 25 and 50 IU/kg doses, respectively. These results indicate that AX microcapsules are a promising microbiota-activated system for oral insulin delivery in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Martínez-López
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.-L.); (E.C.-M.); Tel.: +52-662-2892400 (A.L.M.-L.); Fax: +52-662-2800421 (A.L.M.-L.)
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.-L.); (E.C.-M.); Tel.: +52-662-2892400 (A.L.M.-L.); Fax: +52-662-2800421 (A.L.M.-L.)
| | - Rafael Canett-Romero
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis D. Colosio, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Artificial Cell and Organs Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Agustín Rascón-Chu
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Yolanda L. López-Franco
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Valerie Micard
- Montpellier SupAgro-INRA-UM-CIRAD, JRU IATE, 2, Place Pierre Viala, CEDEX 01, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Abstract
The diameter and sphericity of alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate microcapsules, determined by the size and the shape of calcium alginate microspheres, affect their in vivo durability and biocompatibility and the results of transplantation. The commonly used air-jet spray method generates microspheres with a wider variation in diameter, larger sphere morphology, and evenly distributed encapsulated cells. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we designed a field effect microparticle generator to create a stable electric field to prepare microparticles with a smaller diameter and more uniform morphology. Using this electric field microparticle generator the encapsulated cells will be located at the periphery of the microspheres, and thus the supply of oxygen and nutrients for the encapsulated cells will be improved compared with the centrally located encapsulated cells in the air-jet spray method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brend Ray-Sea Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fushin Street, Kweishan County, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 favorably modulates gut microbiota and reduces circulating endotoxins in F344 rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:602832. [PMID: 24967382 PMCID: PMC4055066 DOI: 10.1155/2014/602832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a bacterial bioreactor whose composition is an asset for human health. However, circulating gut microbiota derived endotoxins cause metabolic endotoxemia, promoting metabolic and liver diseases. This study investigates the potential of orally delivered microencapsulated Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697 to modulate the gut microbiota and reduce endotoxemia in F344 rats. The rats were gavaged daily with saline or microencapsulated B. infantis ATCC 15697. Following 38 days of supplementation, the treated rats showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in fecal Bifidobacteria (4.34 ± 0.46 versus 2.45 ± 0.25% of total) and B. infantis (0.28 ± 0.21 versus 0.52 ± 0.12 % of total) and a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in fecal Enterobacteriaceae (0.80 ± 0.45 versus 2.83 ± 0.63% of total) compared to the saline control. In addition, supplementation with the probiotic formulation reduced fecal (10.52 ± 0.18 versus 11.29 ± 0.16 EU/mg; P = 0.01) and serum (0.33 ± 0.015 versus 0.30 ± 0.015 EU/mL; P = 0.25) endotoxins. Thus, microencapsulated B. infantis ATCC 15697 modulates the gut microbiota and reduces colonic and serum endotoxins. Future preclinical studies should investigate the potential of the novel probiotic formulation in metabolic and liver diseases.
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