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A Narrative Review of the Potential Roles of Lipid-Based Vesicles (Vesiculosomes) in Burn Management. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries can have a lasting effect on people’s quality of life, as they negatively impact their physical and mental health. Then, they are likely to suffer psychological problems as a result. A serious problem is that deep burns are more challenging to treat due to their slow healing rate and susceptibility to microbial infection. Conventional topical medications used for burn treatment are sometimes ineffective because they cannot optimize their ability of transcutaneous absorption at the targeted site and accelerate healing. However, nanotechnology offers excellent prospects for developing current medical wound therapies and is capable of addressing issues such as low drug stability, water solubility, permeability, and bioavailability. The current review focuses on lipid-based vesicles (vesiculosomes) as an example of advanced delivery systems, showing their potential clinical applications in burn wound management. Vesiculosomes may help overcome impediments including the low bioavailability of active agents, offering the controlled release of drugs, increased drug stability, fewer side effects, and reduced dosing frequency, which will ultimately improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. We discuss the application of various types of vesiculosomes such as liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, cubosomes, transfersomes, and phytosomes in burn healing therapy, as these demonstrate superior skin penetration compared to conventional burn topical treatment. We also highlight their noteworthy uses in the formulation of natural products and discuss the current status as well as future perspectives of these carriers in burn management. Furthermore, the burn treatment options currently available in the market are also summarized.
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Devi MV, Poornima V, Sivagnanam UT. Wound healing in second-degree burns in rats treated with silver sulfadiazine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Wound Care 2022; 31:S31-S45. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2022.31.sup4.s31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to assess the wound healing efficacy in second-degree burns in rats treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD)—a sulfonamide antibiotic. Method: This is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis performed according to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes) strategy. Results: The review found 100 studies in PubMed, Web of Science and other search engines. Of these, 70 studies were pre-selected after removing duplicates. After independent analysis by two reviewers, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. All studies except one showed faster wound closure by the application of silver sulfadiazine ointment. Using a random effects model, healing was faster in SSD-treated groups when compared to the control group on day 21, with a statistically significant mean difference of –2.72 days (95% confidence interval: –4.99, –0.45) between treatment and control groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis revealed that SSD aided in faster healing of second-degree burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Vimala Devi
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR–Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
- Department of Leather Technology, (Housed at CSIR–Central Leather Research Institute), Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600020, India
| | - Velswamy Poornima
- Biological Materials Laboratory, CSIR–Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
- Department of Leather Technology, (Housed at CSIR–Central Leather Research Institute), Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600020, India
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El-Zaafarany GM, Nasr M. Insightful exploring of advanced nanocarriers for the topical/transdermal treatment of skin diseases. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:1136-1157. [PMID: 34751091 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2004606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dermatological products constitute a big segment of the pharmaceutical market. From conventional products to more advanced ones, a wide variety of dosage forms have been developed till current date. A representative of the advanced delivery means is carrier-based systems, which can load large number of drugs for treatment of dermatological diseases, or simply for cosmeceutical purposes. To make them more favorable for topical delivery, further incorporation of these carriers in a topical vehicle, such as gels or creams is made. Therefore in this review article, an overview is compiled of the most commonly encountered novel carrier based topical delivery systems; namely lipid based (nanoemulsions, microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles [SLNs] and nanostructured lipid carriers [NLCs]), and vesicular carriers (non-deformable, such as liposomes, niosomes, emulsomes and cerosomes, and deformable, such as transfersomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, and penetration enhancer vesicles), with special emphasis on those loaded in a secondary gel vehicle. A special focus was made on the commonly encountered dermatological diseases, such as bacterial and fungal infections, psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema, vitiligo, oxidative damage, aging, alopecia, and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M El-Zaafarany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Qadir A, Ahmad U, Ali A, Shahid A, Aqil M, Khan N, Ali A, Almalki WH, Alghamdi S, Barkat MA, Beg S. Lipid engineered nanoparticle therapy for burn wound treatment. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1449-1459. [PMID: 34425743 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210823110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin is the largest organ of the human body protecting the underlying organs and tissues from any foreign attack. Any damage caused in the skin may sometimes result in serious consequences within the internal body tissues. Burn is one such issue that damage the layers of skin and thereby makingthe skin vulnerableand pronefor any foreign matter to enter and cause serious diseases. METHODS An online literature assessment was steered for the lipid nanoparticles, burn wound treatments, and different types of nanoformulation. Appropriate information was taken from different electronic scientific databases such as Web of Science, Elsevier, Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Google Scholar etc.,Additional data was summarized from textbooks, local prints and scripts. RESULTS Recent innovations and developments in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems has shown promising results in minimizing the drawbacks associated with conventional therapies. Lipid based nanoparticles possess capabilities to deliver active agents to their target site without the possibility of degradation. Conventional therapy of burn wound is costly and the treatment is long lasting, making the patient uncomfortable. Moreover, italso doesn't yield satisfactory results or narrow effects.Encapsulation of bioactives inside the lipid core protects the active entity from pH and enzymatic degradations. CONCLUSION This review highlights the drawbacks associated with the conventional dosage forms. A lot of consideration is focused on the advancement of nanomaterials using innovative methods in wound care for treating burn wounds with the faster healing effect.This review article highlights recent developments in lipid based nanoformulations for treatment of burn wound injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi. India
| | - Usama Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow. India
| | - Asad Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow. India
| | - Aisha Shahid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow. India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi. India
| | - Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi. India
| | - Athar Ali
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin 39524. Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi. India
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The beneficial activity of curcumin and resveratrol loaded in nanoemulgel for healing of burn-induced wounds. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nigro F, Cerqueira Pinto CDS, dos Santos EP, Mansur CRE. Niosome-based hydrogel as a potential drug delivery system for topical and transdermal applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1848833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Nigro
- Institute of Macromolecules "Professora Eloisa Mano"/Laboratory of Macromolecules and Colloids in the Oil Industry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia Regina Elias Mansur
- Institute of Macromolecules "Professora Eloisa Mano"/Laboratory of Macromolecules and Colloids in the Oil Industry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Thakur K, Mahajan A, Sharma G, Singh B, Raza K, Chhibber S, Katare OP. Implementation of Quality by Design (QbD) approach in development of silver sulphadiazine loaded egg oil organogel: An improved dermatokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy in burn wounds. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abazari M, Ghaffari A, Rashidzadeh H, Momeni Badeleh S, Maleki Y. Current status and future outlook of nano-based systems for burn wound management. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1934-1952. [PMID: 31886606 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing process is a natural and intricate response of the body to its injuries and includes a well-orchestrated sequence of biochemical and cellular phenomena to restore the integrity of skin and injured tissues. Complex nature and associated complications of burn wounds lead to an incomplete and prolonged recovery of these types of wounds. Among different materials and systems which have been used in treating the wounds, nanotechnology driven therapeutic systems showed a great opportunity to improvement and enhancement of the healing process of different type of wounds. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the recent studies about the various nanotechnology-based management of burn wounds and the future outlook of these systems in this area. Laboratory and animal models for assessing the efficacy of these systems in burn wound management also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abazari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ghaffari
- Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Rashidzadeh
- Department of pharmaceutical biomaterial, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Safa Momeni Badeleh
- Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yaser Maleki
- Department of Nanochemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Singhvi G, Patil S, Girdhar V, Dubey SK. Nanocarriers for Topical Drug Delivery: Approaches and Advancements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210681208666180320122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background:Delivery of drugs through the skin has been an attractive as well as a challenging area for research. Topical drug delivery has provided enormous advantages over the systemic route for various drugs and one of the important amongst them is reduced toxicity due to a minimum or zero exposure to non-target organs.Methods:Various nanocarrier loaded topical preparations including organogels, emulgels, niosomal gel, lyotropic liquid crystal based gels, etc have been investigated for their topical application. Nanocarriers loaded topical preparation have been proven for improved permeation through the cutaneous barrier and delivering the drug at the target site. The objective of this review is to study the recent updates regarding newer topical gel formulations and highlighting their current potential and future scope of the same.Results:The present work has summarized different studies related to nanotechnology derived topical gel formulations and also enlisted few drugs which have been successfully formulated as novel topical gels. Advancement in nanocarriers loaded topical preparations have also been reviewed with their permeation and efficacy compared to conventional formulations.Conclusion:The present review will provide an overview of nanotechnology based topical preparation to the readers and will create curiosity for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Industrial Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, Pin: 333 031, India
| | - Shalini Patil
- Department of Pharmacy, Industrial Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, Pin: 333 031, India
| | - Vishal Girdhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Industrial Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, Pin: 333 031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Industrial Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, Pin: 333 031, India
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Development and investigation of timolol maleate niosomal formulations for the treatment of glaucoma. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Liu X, Gan H, Hu C, Sun W, Zhu X, Meng Z, Gu R, Wu Z, Dou G. Silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel as a topical antibacterial agent. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 14:289-300. [PMID: 30643407 PMCID: PMC6314312 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s187918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is widely employed as an antibacterial agent for surface burn management. However, the antibacterial activity of AgSD was restrained because of the lower drug solubility and possible cytotoxicity. Objective This study aimed to formulate stable silver sulfadiazine/nanosuspensions (AgSD/NSs) with improved AgSD solubility and prepare a suitable carrier for AgSD/NS delivery. Nanotechnology was used to overcome the low drug dissolution rate of AgSD, while the new carrier loaded with AgSD/NS was assumed to decrease the possible cytotoxicity, enhance antibacterial activity, and promote wound healing. Methods AgSD/NSs were prepared by high pressure homogenization method. Poloxamer 407-based thermoresponsive hydrogels were prepared by cold method as carriers of AgSD/NS to obtain AgSD/NS-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to measure the physicalchemical properties of AgSD/NSs and AgSD/NS-loaded gel. The cytotoxicity of the AgSD/NS-loaded gel was evaluated using methyl thiazolyltetrazolium assay with L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines. In vitro antibacterial activities of AgSD/NSs and AgSD/NS loaded gel were also measured. Results Stable AgSD/NSs with an average particle size of 369 nm were formulated while 1.5% P407 was selected as a stabilizer. The optimized AgSD/NS thermoresponsive hydrogel exhibited the gelation temperature of approximately 30°C. A significant improvement in solubility was observed for AgSD nanoparticles (96.7%) compared with AgSD coarse powders (12.5%). The results of FTIR and XRD revealed that the physicochemical properties of AgSD/NS were reserved after incorporating into the hydrogel. The cell viability after incubation with AgSD/NS-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel improved from 60.7% to 90.6% compared with incubation with AgSD/NS directly. Drug release profiles from the thermoresponsive hydrogel increased compared with the commercial AgSD cream, implying less application frequency of AgSD cream clinically. In vitro antibacterial studies manifested that AgSD nanocrystallization significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity compared with the AgSD coarse powder. Conclusion The combination of AgSD nanosuspensions and thermoresponsive hydrogel effectively improved the AgSD antibacterial activity and decreased the cytotoxicity. This study also suggested that a poloxamer thermoresponsive hydrogel could be used as a delivery system for other nanocrystals to decrease possible nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Chaoran Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Wenzhong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China, ;
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Razavi S, Partoazar A, Takzaree N, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Bahador A, Darvishi MH. Silver sulfadiazine nanoethogel for burn healing: characterization and investigation of its in vivo effects. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1319-1331. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Nanoethosomal formulation containing silver sulfadiazine (SSD) was used to reduce bacterial burden and healing time in burn injuries. Materials & methods: Ethosomal formulations were characterized for their size, ζ-potential, morphology, drug encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release kinetics of SSD. Results: The optimized nanoethosomal suspension with a size of 206.7 ± 1.18, and ζ-potential value of -67.3 ± 0.45 mV exhibited a high SSD encapsulation efficiency (92.03 ± 0.79%). Results of antimicrobial tests indicated SSD-loaded ethosome formulation led to a significant reduction of colony number. Histopathological results demonstrated a wound contraction rate of 96.83% for the group treated with SSD ethosomal gel while untreated group showed 59.41%. Conclusion: The SSD ethogels promotes the therapeutic effect of SSD for burn treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedehhamideh Razavi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Takzaree
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Darvishi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sonet J, Bulteau AL, Chavatte L, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL, Callejón-Leblic B, Nischwitz V, Theiner S, Galvez L, Koellensperger G, Keppler BK, Roman M, Barbante C, Neth K, Bornhorst J, Michalke B. Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Sonet
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5254; Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE); Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64000 Pau France
| | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5254; Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE); Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64000 Pau France
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5254; Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE); Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64000 Pau France
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- University of Huelva; Department of Chemistry, Campus El Carmen; Fuerzas Armadas Ave 21007 Huelva Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- University of Huelva, Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA); Campus El Carmen; Fuerzas Armadas Ave 21007 Huelva Spain
| | - Belén Callejón-Leblic
- University of Huelva; Department of Chemistry, Campus El Carmen; Fuerzas Armadas Ave 21007 Huelva Spain
| | - Volker Nischwitz
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics; Analytics (ZEA-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Sarah Theiner
- University of Vienna; Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Waehringer Strasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Luis Galvez
- University of Vienna, Research Platform ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’; Waehringer Strasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- University of Vienna, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Waehringer Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- University of Vienna; Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Waehringer Strasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Marco Roman
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS); Via Torino 155 30172 Venice Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- National Research Council; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR); Via Torino 155 30172 Venice Italy
| | - Katharina Neth
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH; Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- University of Potsdam; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH; Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
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