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Merir R, Baitiche M, Elbahri Z, Bourzami R, Djerboua F, Boutahala M. Conception of Cellulose/Alginate/Mesalazine microspheres by solvent evaporation technique for drug release: Experimental and theoretical investigations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124894. [PMID: 37196720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of microspheres containing Mesalazine referred to as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) for colon targeting drug was carried out using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The formulation was based on 5-ASA as the active agent, sodium Alginate (SA) andEthylcellulose (EC) as encapsulating agents, with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as emulsifier. The effects ofthe following processing parameters, 5-ASA %, EC:SA ratio and stirring rate on the properties of the resulting products in the form microspheres were considered. The samples were characterized using Optical microscopy, SEM, PXRD, FTIR, TGA, and DTG. In vitro release of 5-ASA from the different batches of microspheres was tested in biologically simulated fluids, (gastric; SGF, pH 1.2 for 2 h), then (intestinal fluid SIF, pH 7.4for 12 h) at 37 °C. The release kinetic results have been treated mathematically relaying on Higuchi's and Korsmeyer-Peppas' models for drug liberation. DOE study was performed to evaluate the interactive effects of variables on the drug entrapment and microparticle sizes. Molecular chemical interactions in structures were optimized using DFT analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roufaida Merir
- Laboratory of Multiphasic Polymeric Materials, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1University, 19000 Sétif, Algeria; Laboratory of Chemical Process Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas Sétif1University, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Milad Baitiche
- Laboratory of Multiphasic Polymeric Materials, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1University, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Zineb Elbahri
- Laboratory of Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
| | - Riadh Bourzami
- Research Unit on Emergent Materials, Ferhat Abbas Sétif1University, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Ferhat Djerboua
- Laboratory of Multiphasic Polymeric Materials, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1University, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Mokhtar Boutahala
- Laboratory of Chemical Process Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas Sétif1University, 19000 Sétif, Algeria.
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Sharma K, Porat Z, Gedanken A. Designing Natural Polymer-Based Capsules and Spheres for Biomedical Applications-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4307. [PMID: 34960858 PMCID: PMC8708131 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, are potential candidates to serve as carriers of biomedical cargo. Natural polymer-based carriers, having a core-shell structural configuration, offer ample scope for introducing multifunctional capabilities and enable the simultaneous encapsulation of cargo materials of different physical and chemical properties for their targeted delivery and sustained and stimuli-responsive release. On the other hand, carriers with a porous matrix structure offer larger surface area and lower density, in order to serve as potential platforms for cell culture and tissue regeneration. This review explores the designing of micro- and nano-metric core-shell capsules and porous spheres, based on various functions. Synthesis approaches, mechanisms of formation, general- and function-specific characteristics, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed. Recent advances in protein-based carriers with a porous matrix structure and different core-shell configurations are also presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel;
| | - Ze’ev Porat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, Be’er Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel;
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Hussain A, Mumtaz AM, Arshad MS, Abbas N, Latif A, Shamim R, Bukhari NI, Hussain K. Effect of cellulose acetate phthalate and polyethylene glycol on physical properties and release of theophylline from microcapsules. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study describes the development of theophylline microcapsules by a non-solvent addition method and the effect of plasticizer addition on microencapsulation. The release was studied in distilled water and the data were analysed by various mathematical models for determining the mechanism of release. Prepared microcapsules were found to be spherical, free flowing and having more than 80% entrapped drug. The polymer - cellulose acetate phthalate and plasticizer - polyethylene glycol was considered to be affecting the properties of microcapsules including drug release (time for 50% drug release, T50). The formulation with the highest proportion of polymer and without plasticizer (F3) showed the slowest release with T50 = 4.3 h, while the formulation with lower proportion of polymer and 20% (w/w) plasticizer (F13 &14) showed the fastest release of drug with T50 values of 1.2 h and 1.3 h, respectively. The drug release from most of the formulations was found to be following Higuchi model. It is concluded from the results of the present study that cellulose acetate phthalate significantly affects the sustained release of the drug in water, whereas the addition of polyethylene glycol slightly enhances the drug release.
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Rogers TL, Wallick D. Reviewing the use of ethylcellulose, methylcellulose and hypromellose in microencapsulation. Part 3: Applications for microcapsules. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:521-39. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.616512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rogers TL, Wallick D. Reviewing the use of ethylcellulose, methylcellulose and hypromellose in microencapsulation. Part 1: materials used to formulate microcapsules. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:129-57. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.590990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rafati H, Talebpour Z, Adlnasab L, Ebrahimi SN. Quality by design: Optimization of a liquid filled pH-responsive macroparticles using Draper-Lin composite design. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:2401-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Grattard N, Pernin M, Marty B, Roudaut G, Champion D, Le Meste M. Study of release kinetics of small and high molecular weight substances dispersed into spray-dried ethylcellulose microspheres. J Control Release 2002; 84:125-35. [PMID: 12468216 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spray-dried ethylcellulose microspheres were used as matrices for the encapsulation of a fungal lactase and/or small paramagnetic probes (Tempol or Tempo). Their dissolution in water was studied. Kinetics fitted with the model Q = kt(n) of Korsemeyer et al. [Int. J. Pharm. 15 (1983) 25] exhibited a non-Fickian diffusion. The calculated diffusional exponent (n) values were near 0.26 whatever the encapsulated probes. The release rates (k) were only slightly different for paramagnetic probes and lactase. This result indicated that the probes' release mechanisms are not diffusion controlled. Other factors such as matrix porosity and probe solubility in the matrix and in water could influence the probes' release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Grattard
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire et Sensorielle de l'Aliment, ENSBANA, 1, Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Gürsoy A, Cevik S. Sustained release properties of alginate microspheres and tabletted microspheres of diclofenac sodium. J Microencapsul 2000; 17:565-75. [PMID: 11038116 DOI: 10.1080/026520400417621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the properties of diclofenac sodium (DNa) alginate (alg) microspheres and tabletted DNa alg microspheres using different polymers as additives. DNa alginate microspheres were prepared by the emulsification method and different polymers such as Eudragit (Eud) NE 30 D, Eudragit (Eud) RS 30 D and Aquacoat, which were incorporated into alg gel to control the release rate of drug. The release properties of DNa alg microspheres (1:1) were affected by the size, drug load of microspheres and also by the incorporated polymers, pH and ionic strength of dissolution medium. Tabletting of alg microspheres using carrageenan (carr), alg, pectin, NaCMC, tragacanth (trgh) and HPMC as additives in a (50:50) ratio produced tablets with good physical properties and also better controlled release of DNa. Dissolution studies were carried out in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer and phosphate buffers whose pH values were gradually changed from pH 3 to 7.4. The rank order of DNa release from tablets was carr < alg < pectin < NaCMC < trgh < HPMC which relates to the viscosity and swelling properties of polymers. The drug release was very slow from trgh and HPMC based tablets, but addition of carr or alg in different ratios could adjust the release rate of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gürsoy
- Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
The surface free energy parameters of ethylcellulose (EC) films were determined using the Lifshitz-van der Waals/acid-base approach and the influence of plasticizers on their surface energetics was assessed. Films were prepared by dip-coating glass slides in organic solvents containing EC and the advancing angles of drops of pure liquids on the EC films were measured with a contact angle goniometer using the captive drop technique. EC has lower surface free energy than cellulose. The acid-base (AB) term made only a slight contribution to the total surface free energy and the surfaces exhibited predominantly monopolar electron-donicity. The addition of plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate or dibutyl phthalate) resulted in a small decrease in the total surface free energy. The effects of film forming variables, including solvent system, concentration and post-formation treatment (annealing), on the surface free energy parameters of EC films were also investigated. These data were then used to analyze how the surface energetics affect the interaction of the EC films with other surfaces based on interfacial tension, work of adhesion and spreading coefficient calculations. Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW) interactions provided the major contribution to the work of adhesion for EC with all of the solid substrates analyzed. However, the AB interactions contributed significantly to the work of adhesion for EC with 'bipolar' substrates and to the spreading coefficients of EC over substrates. The consideration of work of adhesion and spreading coefficient based on surface free energy parameters may have potential use in evaluating factors affecting film adhesion and, furthermore, in optimizing pharmaceutical film coating processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Oh
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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